• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

본 연구는 육계의 사육 밀도가 사양 성적, 혈액 구성, 면역 및 계육 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 육계(Ross 308)를 385수를 공시하여 4개의 사육 밀도(26, 22, 19, 16 birds/㎡)를 두어 완전 임의 배치하여 실험하였다. 사료와 물은 자유 급이하였다. 면역 글루불린(Ig) 및 corticosterone을 평가하였으며, 증체량, 혈액 성분 및 가슴육 품질을 분석하였다. 전체 사육 기간 동안 증체량, 사료 섭취량은 사육 밀도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그러나, 초기에는 사육 밀도가 증가할수록 사료 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 백혈구, 적혈구, 혈소판 및 혈액 생화학 조성은 사육 밀도에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 스트레스 지표(H/L 비율 및 cortico- sterone), IgA, IgM은 사육 밀도간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, IgG는 사육 밀도가 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 육계 가슴육 pH, 보수력, 가열감량은 사육 밀도 간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 전단력은 사육 밀도 16 birds/㎡ 처리구에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 고밀도에서 체중이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 16 birds/㎡의 사육 밀도에서는 육계의 전단력과 육계의 IgG에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 따라서 고밀도 사육은 지양해야 될 것으로 판단되며, 향후 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1761-1768
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• 2005

Effects of alpha-galactosidase (GAL) on broiler corn-soybean meal diet was investigated. In experiment 1, sixty cockerels were allocated to five groups, including three enzyme treatments (GAL added at 0, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg diet), a nitrogen-free diet group and a fast group. The true nitrogen-corrected ME (TME$_n$) and true amino acid availability were determined. In experiment 2, 324 day-old chicks were used in a 2${\times}$3 factorial design consisting of two energy contents (high and low) and three GAL levels (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Three feeding phases, comprising 0-21 d, 22-35 d and 36-48 d, were involved. GAL addition improved TME$_n$ and the availability of methionine and cystine (p<0.05). The apparent ME (AME) or nitrogen-corrected AME (AME$_n$) and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, calcium, and phosphorus were improved significantly on d 21, so was crude protein and an interaction of energy and GAL on AME$_n$ (p<0.05) was found on d 35. However, daily intake and daily gain were significantly improved with GAL addition (p<0.05) during 21 d. The small intestine relative weight decreased at 250 mg/kg GAL (p<0.05) on d 35, whereas presented an interaction between GAL and energy on d 21 (p<0.05). Likewise, this treatment increased breast muscle ratio (p<0.05). On d 21, triglycerides level of broilers showed interaction between energy and enzyme levels (p<0.05). Uric acid level in 500 mg/kg GAL declined linearly (p<0.05). On d 35, quadratic effects (p<0.05) were observed in total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol content for enzyme supplementation. And the interactive effects of energy and GAL on serum values showed more obviously. The study implies that GAL improved energy and nutrient availability of corn-soybean meal diet in broiler. The GAL supplementation to corn-soybean meal based diet can improve performance of broilers in early stages of growth.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.120-121
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• 2002

Monascus Purpures(MP)의 수준별 급여가 육계의 성장과 계란의 품질 및 난황에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고자 사양실험을 실행하였다. 실험 1에서 1일령 육계 수컷 320수를 이용하여 사료내 MP는 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0% 수준으로 처리구당 4반복 반복당 16수씩 전체 320수에 5주간 급여하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 주간별로 측정하였으며, 혈청의 콜레스테롤, 단백질함량은 실험 종료시에 측정하였다. 실험 2에서는 32주령 산란계 30수를 처리구당 6수씩 개체별로 수용하여 사료내 MP가 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0%수준으로 4주간 급여하였다. 조사항목은 난각강도, 난각두께, 호유닛, 계란의 콜레스테롤을 주간별로 측정하였다. 실험 1에서 기초사료는 사육 전기 3주와 후기 2주간에 각각 CP 21.5, 19.0%, ME 3,100, 3,200 kca1/kg수준으로 급여하였다. 실험 2에서는 CP 16%, ME 2,800 kca1/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 실험 1에서 증체량은 2.0%MP 처리구에서 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 개선되었으며, 사료요구율은 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었지만 1.0, 2.0% MP처리구에서 대조구보다 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 혈청의 콜레스테롤은 MP 2.0% 급여구에서 낮은 경향을 보였지 만 처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 실험 2에서 난백의 높이와 호유닛은 0.1과 0.2%MP 처리구에서 다른 처리구보다 높게 나타났지만 통계적인 차이는 없었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1988

모체이행항체가 있는 병아리에 생독과 사독 ND 백신을 동시접종 했을때 면역효과를 시험하기 위하여 국내에서 유통되고 있는 $B_1$과 LaSota의 2가지 생독백신과 Gel, Oil의 2가지 사독백신을 구입 1 일령에 각각 단독접종하거나 생독과 사독을 서로 다르게 조합하여 동시에 접종하였다. 생독백신은 백신제조회사에서 추천하는 1수분을 25${\mu}\ell$ 씩 한쪽눈에 적하 하였으며 사독은 0.3$m\ell$씩 경부피하에 접종하였다. HI 가를 주별로 8주까지 조사하였으며 방어율을 측정하기 위하여 4주와 8주에 강독으로 수당 $10^{5.3}$$ELD_{50}$씩 공격 접종하였다. 8개 시험군 중에서 .사독Oil백신과 생독을 동시에 접종한 군이 항체가와 방어율이 가장 높았다. 생독백신이나 Gel백신만 단독접종한 군은 방어율이 50%이하로 낮았으며 항체가도 4~5주 때 $2^2$이하로 하강하였다. 사독 Oil과 동시 접종한 생독백신으로서 $B_1$과 LaSota간에 는 방어율이나 항체가에서 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 2가지 생독이 모두 Oil백신과 동시 접종했을 때 4주에서 방어율이 100%였으며 8주 때는 90-100%이었고 항체가도 $2^4$ 이상 8적까지 지적되었다. 동시접종해도 호흡기증상등의 부작용이나 증체율 저하 등의 현상은 볼 수 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.665-673
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• 2012

A balance trial experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential relationship between an enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) and yeast culture combined with a live Bacillus subtilis (Bs) on the productive parameters, ileal digestibility, retention of nutrient and energy and villus morphology in broilers. Seventy two 28 d old, Ross B308 male broilers were assigned to a factorial combination of 2 levels of EHY (0 and 1 kg/ton of feed) and 2 levels of Bs (0 and 125 g/ton of feed). The experiment lasted 2 weeks. Several treatment interactions were observed. EHY-fed broilers showed the lowest feed intake and feed conversion ratio whereas Bs-fed broilers showed the highest feed intake and intermediate feed conversion ratio (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.05). Also, EHY-fed broilers had greater ileal digestibility of dry matter (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.01) and energy (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.05) but these responses were counterbalanced by the combination of EHY and Bs. The thickness of the mucosa was similar between the control and EHY-fed broilers, but was lowest when Bs was added alone (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.01). The thickness of the villus was greater in EHY plus Bs-fed broilers, intermediate for the control and lower for Bs or EHY-fed broilers (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.05). The area of the villus was greater in the control and EHY plus Bs-fed broilers (EHY and BS interaction, p<0.05). In addition, EHY-fed broilers showed greater breast yield and nitrogen retention (p<0.01) and ashes digestibility (p<0.05). On the other hand, Bs-fed broilers had greater carcass and breast weight, nitrogen retention, energy excretion and villus height (p<0.05). In summary, EHY and Bs enhanced some growth, carcass and nutrient retention responses, but did not show any synergic relationship in these responses. Opposite to this, the results suggest that the positive effect of EHY on the feed conversion and digestibility of nutrients were counterbalanced by the addition of Bs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1026-1032
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• 2006

The present experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of liquid methionine hydroxy analogue-free acid (MHA-FA) in comparison to DL-methionine (DL-Met) in broilers. 567 day-old Avian chicks were divided into 7 treatments with 5 replicates of 16 birds each. During the 35d (7-42 d) experimental periods chicks were given two basal diets. From 7 to 21d of age, a starting basal diet containing 19.5% protein and 0.33% methionine was supplemented with two graded levels of DL-Met (0.070 and 0.160%) or four levels of MHA-FA (0.118, 0.143, 0.221 and 0.268%). From 22 to 42d of age DL-Met (0.050 and 0.080%) or MHA-FA (0.071, 0.074, 0.112 and 0.140%) were added to a finishing basal diet with 18.0% protein and 0.28% methionine. Chicks fed on supplemental DL-Met or MHA-FA had significantly higher (p<0.05) body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group from 7-21d of age. During the finishing phase (22-42 d), body weight and weight gain of chicks in DL-Met or MHA-FA treatments were similar to those in the control, but FCR was improved (p<0.05) with supplementation of DL-Met or MHA-FA. Breast yield was higher (p<0.05) on DL-Met or MHA-FA supplemented than un-supplemented diets. The thigh meat yields emanating from diets with DL-Met or MHA-FA were lower (p<0.05) than that in control. Abdominal fat was also higher in broilers fed the control diet than in DL-Met or MHA-FA supplemented treatments. Methionine requirement of broilers was calculated to be 0.44 and 0.35% and cystine requirement was 0.35 and 0.31% for the starting (7-21 d) and finishing phase (22-42 d), respectively. The efficacy of MHA-FA in comparison to DL-Met for weight gain was 64 and 85% and for FCR was 55 and 60% at 7-21 and 22-42 d of age, respectively, while it was 74, 72, 52 and 48% for breast yield, thigh meat production, body energy content and energy deposition ratio at 42 d of age, respectively. In conclusion, in practical diet formulation for broiler chicks the average bioavailability of MHA-FA relative to DL-Met could be considered as 60 and 73% for 7 to 21d and 22 to 42 d of age, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1128-1135
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary green tea extract (GTE) on the performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits, caecal coliform bacteria count, and pH and color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) values of the breast muscle in broilers. A total number of 600 day-old broilers (Ross 308) was allocated to three treatments with four replicates containing 50 (25 males and 25 females) birds. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as the control (0GTE) and diets with GTE at 0.1 (0.1GTE) or 0.2 (0.2GTE) g/kg. Body weights and the feed intake of broilers were measured at 1, 21 and 42 days, the feed intake was measured for different periods and the feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At 42 day four birds per replicate were slaughtered for the determination of carcass and organ weights, caecal coliform bacteria count, and also quality of the breast muscle. The dietary GTE increased the body weight, feed efficiency, carcass weight and dressing percentage and decreased caecal coliform bacteria count of broilers (p<0.05). The 0GTE broilers consumed (p<0.01) less feed than the 0.1GTE birds in the entire experimental period. The relative abdominal fat weight and gut length of broilers in the 0.2GTE were tended to be lower (p<0.07) than those in the 0GTE group. The breast meat from 0.1GTE birds had a lower pH value when compared to that from 0GTE birds. The 0.1GTE broilers had lighter breast meat than 0GTE and 0.2GTE birds. The dietary GTE increased $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the breast meat. Thus this product appeared to have a measurable impact on CIE color values of the breast meat in broilers. The results of the present study may indicate that the improved production results in the group with added GTE are directly connected with physiological mechanisms such as the regulation of the caecal micro-flora.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.847-854
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• 2014

Different herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for various purposes in poultry production. This study was conducted to assess the effect of feed supplemented with black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations on the performance of broilers. A total of 210 (Cobb) one-d-old chicks were divided into seven groups of 30 birds each. The treatments were: a control group received no supplement, 0.5% black pepper (T1), 0.5% turmeric powder (T2), 2% coriander seeds (T3), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% turmeric powder (T4), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 2% coriander seed (T5), and a mixture of 0.5% black pepper, 0.5% turmeric powder and 2% coriander seeds (T6). Higher significant values of body weight gain during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) were observed in broilers on T1, T3, T5, and T6 compared to control. Dietary supplements with T1, T2, T3, and T6 improved the cumulative G:F of broilers during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) compared with control. The dressing percentage and edible giblets were not influenced by dietary supplements, while higher values of relative weight of the liver (p<0.05) were obtained in T5 and T6 compared to control. The addition of feed supplements in T5 and T6 significantly increased serum total protein and decreased serum glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase concentrations compared with the control group (p<0.05). Broilers on T6 showed significant decrease in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase concentration (p<0.05) compared to control. The broilers having T5 and T6 supplemented feed had relatively greater antibody titre (p<0.001) at 35 d of age than control. It is concluded that dietary supplements with black pepper or coriander seeds or their combinations enhanced the performance and health status of broiler chickens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

In this study, antimicrobial activity of oriental herbal medicine extract (OHME) was tested for some organisms and the preventive effects of OHME for the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni on epithelium of small intestine were examined in Korean native broiler chickens fed a forage added 1.0% OHME. The isolated Campylobacter spp were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptiblility of isolates to antimicrobial agent were examined. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in 0.25% OHME. C. jejuni and C. coli were inhibited in 0.1% OHME, and Salmonella spp, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escheichia coli 0157 were inhibited in 2.0% OHME. For the application of forage added 1.0% OHME in broiler chicken farm, the frequency of Campylobacter spp from feces, liver and spleen sample of chickens were examined during 2 weeks interval. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces from chickens fed assorted forage (control group) was increased from 25% in first week to 75% in seventh week. But the frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces sample from chickens 134 forage added OHME was slightly reduced from 25% in first week to 15% in seventh week. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in liver, and spleen was 13.7% and 10% respectively after seventh week in control group, but the Campylobacter spp was not isolated after fifth week in live and spleen from chickens fed forage added OHME. Isolated 56 strains of thermophilic Campyiobacter from Korean native chickens was classified as C. jejuni (76.7%), C. coli (214%) and C. laridis (1.6%). The majority of 43 isolates of C. jejuni was classified on biotype I (60.4%), II (30.2%). Most of 12 isolates of C.coli were biotype I (83.3%). Isolated 31 strains C. jejuni of showed 11 different serotype, and serotype 36 (18.6%), 17 (13.9%)were most frequent. Isolated 10 strains of C. coli showed 5 different serotypes and serotype 31 (33.3%) and 21 (25%) were relatively common. Isolated Campylobacter spp were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamicin, colistin and chloramphenucol.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2015

최근까지 피트모스에 대한 연구는 식물 생장촉진제, 비료대체제 및 토양오염 복원제로서의 기능에 관한 분야가 대부분이었다. 본 연구에서는 사료첨가제로서 피트모스 추출물을 이용하여 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험 1에서는 14일령의 Ross 150수를 각 10수씩 5개의 처리구(0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% 및 1.6% PM)로 3번 무작위로 반복 배치되었고, 28일령까지 2주 동안 5개의 피트모스 첨가사료를 급여하였다. 실험 2에서는 7일령의 Ross 198수를 각 22수씩 3개의 처리구(0.0%, 0.2% 및 0.4% PM)로 3번 무작위로 반복 배치되었고, 28일령까지 3주 동안 3개의 피트모스 첨가사료를 급여하였다. 그 결과, 피트모스 함량이 0.2% 또는 0.4%가 첨가된 사료를 2주 동안 급여하였을 때, 대조구에 비해 음수량, 체중, 증체량 및 사료효율이 유의하게 증가한 반면, 사료섭취량에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 피트모스 첨가 사료를 3주 이상 급여하였을 경우 그 효과는 감소하였다. 사료 피트모스 함량이 0.8% 이상 급여되면 사료섭취량, 체중 그리고 증체량은 유의하게 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 피트모스의 적정 첨가 비율과 급여 기간은 각각 0.4% 및 2주이며, 사료첨가제로서의 피트모스의 가능성을 시사한다.