• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.99-123
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• 2011

Brick veneer over steel stud backup wall is lighter and easier to construct compared to brick veneer over concrete masonry backup wall. However, due to the relatively low stiffness of the steel stud backup, the brick veneer tends to crack under wind load. This paper briefly introduces a new panelized brick veneer with steel frame backup wall system that is developed to potentially address this problem. The experimental study of the performance of this system under simulated wind loading is discussed in detail. The test setup details and the test specimens are introduced, results of major interests are presented, and performance of the new system is evaluated based on the test results.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2010

This study was to analyze the architectural characteristics and facade construction of brick masonry auditorium through the Auditorium of Namsan Primary School in 1936. The results of this study were described separately as follows. 1. The auditorium is located away from the school buildings, and its plane is a chamber of rectangle type with an entrance installed on each of the four sides. 2. The external appearance is Renaissance eclectic style, laid red bricks on the lower wall of the window and having a mansard roof. The front and the rear are symmetric with respect to the projected wall at the center. 3. As to the structure of the building, a concrete lower wall was built on the concrete continuous footing, and the brick wall was constructed on the lower wall. The roof is queen post roof truss, and the wall girders were installed on the brick wall. 4. The auditorium has had a number of repairing and maintenance works, which changed the roof and windows outside and the floor, walls, ceiling, etc. inside. 5. The decorative elements of external appearance include lower wall, brick wall, entrances, windows, roof, and dormer windows. The brick wall gives verticality and solidity to the surface of the wall, and the lower wall and wall girders are connected like a cornice of the wall. The surface of the mansard roof and dormer windows express a stable vertically oriented shape.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

Recently, brick walls are being widely introduced in rural areas. Walls are a very important design element of space. However, most brick wall works do not consider the human psychological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological characteristics on brick wall bonds such as the stack bond, running bond, english bond, flemish bond, america bond. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: 1)There is no statistical difference of psychological evaluation results among student groups using the semantic differential scale method using 10 adjectives. 2)Stack bonds have an uninspiring, artificial, simple, restful, boring and ordered psychological characteristic. Running bonds have an uninspiring, restful and ordered psychological characteristic. America bonds have a unique and modernistic psychological characteristic. English bonds have a unique, modernistic, complex and chaotic psychological characteristic. Flemish bonds have no critical psychological characteristics. 3)The running bond earned the highest score in preference, while the stack bond scored the lowest. Employment of brick wall bonds on this study was not highly preferred, hence it is necessary to develop a new brick wall bond design. 4)In conclusion, the proper selection of brick wall bonds is very important and we should consider human psychological characteristics in the design of rural areas.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Korean traditional houses have been developed in harmony with natural environment and comfortable indoor condition by using the natural resources including building layout, space composition and materials. Originally Korea traditional architectures have used wood lintel constructions and loess walls through the many years. Theses loess have many strength such as highly heat capacity, controling of humidity, a deodorant than any other materials. Nowaday it is recommended to use exterior and interior walls in loess wall to meet the eco-friendly materials to improve our residental environmental. Thus this study aims to research the sound insulation performance of traditional loess brick wall varied with thickness, thermal insulation materials and cavity wall. The sound insulation performance of these loess walls are compared with other masonry wall's and sound insulation performance of th walls were tested in anechoic laboratory to measure the sound transmission loss of these walls. The loess brick wall with 75mm thickness of cavity is shown the sound insulation performance with Rw 57 which is nearly same performances of 1B brick wall and cement 8' block wall, The improving effect of insulation materials is shown in the high frequency bandwidth. Especially, there is improving as much as 11 dB using the extruded poly stylene form(75mm) and poly ethylene film(0.7mm).

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.117-118
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• 2020

The masonry structure is constructed by cement mortar binding material of brick objects and uses reinforced hardware (connected hardware or wall tie) together when building. However, over time, the corrosion of reinforced steel and the deterioration of joint mortar as well as bricks cause the risk of collapse. In particular, when the externally decorated brick wall is installed on the concrete girder for each floor, the angle bracket is not constructed or corroded, the full-layer weight load is applied to the wall of 0.5B, which is an example of full-scale or collapse. The purpose of this study is to provide numerical information on the reinforcement design by experimentally studying the structural performance of concrete reinforcement brackets that reinforce the vertical load of the exterior wall.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

The primary purpose of this investigation is to find out the shear behavior and the shear capacity of RC bare frames, brick-infilled RC frames, and damper-retrofitted RC frames and to evaluate the average shear strength of brick--infill wall. The main variables art the absence of brick infill wall and steel plate slit damper. The test results show that the shear capacity of specimen IF-DR is 2.8 times as high as that of the specimen BF and it presents the fact that the retrofitting effect and the possibility of RC frame reuse with changing the slit damper is verified. And the average shear strength of the brick infill wall is figured to be at $5.0 kgf/cm^2$.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.181-199
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• 2014

The infill walls, whose contribution to the earthquake resistance of a structure is generally ignored due to their limited lateral rigidities, constitute a part of the lateral load bearing system of an RC frame structure. A common method for improving the earthquake behavior of RC frame structures is increasing the contribution of the infill walls to the overall lateral rigidity by strengthening them through different techniques. The present study investigates the influence of externally bonded perforated steel plates on the load capacities, rigidities, and ductilities of hollow brick infill walls. For this purpose, a reference (unstrengthened) and twelve strengthened specimens were subjected to monotonic diagonal compression. The experiments indicated that the spacing of the bolts, connecting the plates to the wall, have a more profound effect on the behavior of a brick wall compared to the thickness of the strengthening plates. Furthermore, an increase in the plate thickness was shown to result in a considerable improvement in the behavior of the wall only if the plates are connected to the wall with closely-spaced bolts. This strengthening technique was found to increase the energy absorption capacities of the walls between 4 and 14 times the capacity of the reference wall. The strengthened walls reached ultimate loads 30-160% greater than the reference wall and all strengthened walls remained intact till the end of the test.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

건설산업에서 발생하는 $CO_2$배출량은 지구 온난화를 유발하는 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 이에 따라 건설산업에서는 $CO_2$배출량을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 최근 건축물의 $CO_2$배출량에 관한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만 $CO_2$배출비용에 관한 연구는 아직 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 벽체별(시멘트벽돌벽, 블록벽돌벽, 점토벽돌벽)로 기존 공사비에 $CO_2$배출비용을 포함하여 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 $CO_2$배출비용은 점토벽돌벽, 시멘트벽돌벽, 블록벽 순으로 높았다. 본 연구는 $CO_2$배출량을 비용으로 환산하는 방법을 제시함으로써 향후 $CO_2$배출량을 비용측면으로 비교해 볼 수 있는 기초적 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.251-265
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• 2023

In urban construction projects, it is crucial to evaluate the impacts of excavation-induced ground movements in order to protect surrounding structures. These ground movements resulting in damages to the neighboring structures and facilities (i.e., parking basement) are of main concern for the geotechnical engineers. Even more, the danger exists if the nearby structure is an ancient or masonry brick building. The formations of cracks are indicators of structural damage caused by excavation-induced ground disturbances, which pose issues for excavation-related projects. Although the effects of deep excavations on existing brick masonry walls have been thoroughly researched, the impact of twin excavations on a brick masonry wall is rarely described in the literature. This work presents a 3D parametric analysis using an advanced hypoplastic model to investigate the responses of an existing isolated brick masonry wall to twin perpendicular excavations in dry sand. One after the other, twin perpendicular excavations are simulated. This article also looks at how varying sand relative densities (D_r = 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) affect the masonry wall. The cracks at the top of the wall were caused by the hogging deformation profile caused by the twin excavations. By raising the relative density from 30% to 90%, excavation-induced footing settlement is greatly minimized. The crack width at the top of the wall reduces as a result of the second excavation in very loose to loose sand (D_r = 30% and 50%). While the crack width on the top of the wall increases owing to the second excavation in medium to very dense sand (D_r = 70% and 90%).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand the indoor thermal environment in the earth brick wall building what is called a ecological Architecture. To investigate thermal performances of the earth brick walls, it measured indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature and PMV in reference house. The result of this study were summarized as the followings; 1) When the outdoor average air temperature was $21.8^{\circ}$, livingroom was $24.9^{\circ}$, kitchen was $25.1^{\circ}$ and 2nd floor room was $25.6^{\circ}$ at 150 cm height from the floor. 2) Although the average outdoor relative humidity was 78%, the livingroom was 67.5%. 3) As the air temperature difference between at the top and bottom was $0.6^{\circ}$ in living room, this value was below 1 % of PPD by ASHRAE Handbook. 4) Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) by ISO-7730 was +0.41.