• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to differentiate women from men on breast diseases. Methods: We have searched antique books, texts and references of oriental obstetric & gynecology and checked into present conditions of oriental medicine hospitals in republic of Korea. Results: In physiological, pathological and epidemiological viewpoint of both oriental and western medicine, it was accepted that women were different with men on breast disease. Among references published in the Journal of Oriental Obstetrics and Gynecology from 1987, the number of references concerned breast disease was fifty divided into 29 original articles(58%) in types and 26 breast cancer(52%), 13 postpartum lactation(26%) in categorizations. and woman's breast disease and cancer taken charge on oriental obstetrics and gynecology in oriental medicine hospitals were 25(86%) and 19(66%) respectively. Conclusions: We could not realize that woman's breast disease already were accepted woman's particularity in various aspects until conducting our study. Accordingly, it is suggested that more researches would be conducted on the needs of female patients with breast disease through questionnaire or research and on the association reproductive factor and breast disease of women.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 2010

Purpose: Mondor's disease is commonly known as a benign breast condition after augmentation mammaplasty, and some authors have also reported its association with other breast surgeries such as reduction mammaplasty or axillary lymph node biopsy. Here we report two cases of Mondor's disease after immediate breast reconstruction with silicone implant. Methods: Two women, 51-year-old and 36-year-old, underwent immediate breast reconstruction with silicone implants after nipple-areolar skin-sparing mastectomy. Results: Subcutaneous cord-like firm lesion appeared on upper abdomen, axillary area following surgery. The lesion was painless and spontaneously subsided with no medications. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mondor's disease developed after immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implant.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 1994

Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been proved as a safe, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic modality in palpable breast lesions. Cytologically, fibrocystic disease can be classified into 3 categories as nonproliferative breast disease, proliferative breast disease without atypia, and proliferative breast disease with atypia. This terminology for fine needle aspirates is compatible with that of diagnostic histopathology. Cytologic differentiation of nonproliferative disease from proliferative breast disease is important, since the risk of cancer development in cases of atypical hyperplasia is 4-5 times higher than that of general population. Twenty five fine needle aspirates of fibrocystic disease confirmed by subsequent histopathology were re-evaluated and classified into 3 categories depending on their architectural and nuclear features. In addition, these aspirates were scored according to the cytologic grading system, devised by Masood et al. and based on six cytologic criteria. Concordance rates between cytomorpholgic diagnosis and cytologic diagnosis using the cytologic criteria grading system and histologic diagnosis were 88% and 92%, respectively.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2007

The breast cancer occurrence have been increase yearly. Consequently the effort for early discovery or prevention is necessary. The study investigated the age distribution rate and a disease distribution occurrence rate in the breast medical examination of Ulsan city area. Breast medical examination distribution ratio it preferred the breast ultrasound with mamography 38.8% breast-ultrasonogrphy 61.2% to be investigated. The disease categories distribution was various from breast-ultrasound medical examination and it was investigated with becomes ramification. The reading find was many most infiltrating duct carcinoma from 40 age stage. The ductal carcinoma in situ was many from 50 age stage. The most many disease was investigated HP(Heterogenous dense nodule or mass parenchyma pattern) with 29.2%. Also the breast abscess or mastitis disease is confirmed only the breast-ultrasonography examination, even from the outside disease it was investigated with the fact that the breast-ultrasound raises the discrimination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1887-1893
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to detail characteristics of mammary Paget's disease (PD) representing the whole population in China. A total of 4211 female breast cancer inpatients at seven tertiary hospitals from seven representative geographical regions of China were collected randomly during 1999 to 2008. Data for demography, risk factors, diagnostic imaging test, physical examination and pathologic characters were surveyed and biomarker status was tested by immunohistochemistry. The differences of demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other lesions were compared using Chi-square test or t-test, with attention to physical examination and pathological characters. The percentage of PD was 1.6% (68/4211) in all breast cancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.1, and 63.2% (43/68) patients were premenopausal. There is no difference in demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other breast cancer (P > 0.05). The main pattern of PD in physical exam and pathologic pattern were patients presenting with a palpable mass in breast (65/68, 95.6%) and PD with underlying invasive cancer (82.4%, 56/68) respectively. The rate of multifocal disease was 7.4% (5/68). PD with invasive breast cancer showed larger tumor size, more multifocal disease, lower ER and PR expression and higher HER2 overexpression than those in other invasive breast cancer (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PD in China is a concomitant disease of breast cancer, and that PD with underlying invasive cancer has more multiple foci and more aggressive behavior compared with other breast invasive cancer. We address the urgent needs for establishing diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for mammary PD in China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.643-646
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to explore the expression of tissue factor (TF), protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and influence on invasiveness. Methods: Stable MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA and with TF ShRNA were established. TF, PAR-2, and MMP-9 protein expression was analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence and invasiveness was evaluated using a cell invasion test. Effects of an exogenous PAR-2 agonist were also examined. Results: TF protein expression significantly differed between the TF cDNA and TF ShRNA groups. MMP-9 protein expression was significantly correlated with TF protein expression, but PAR-2 protein expression was unaffected. The PAR-2 agonist significantly enhanced MMP-9 expression and slightly increased TF and PAR-2 expression in the TF ShRNA group, but did not significantly affect protein expression in MCF-7 cells transfected with TF cDNA. TF and MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. Conclusion: TF, PAR-2, and MMP-9 affect invasiveness of MCF-7 cells. TF may increase MMP-9 expression by activating PAR-2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4347-4351
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• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women and the principal cause of death in middle aged women. The objective of this study was to describe the trend of breast cancer and its management in Aden and adjacent south-eastern governorates of Yemen during the last 20 years. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of previous studies on patients with breast cancer in Aden and adjacent south-eastern governorates, Yemen (January 1989 through December 2007). The studied variables were: sex, age, time and type of presentation, disease stage, pathological types and the performed surgical treatment. The sources of information were the treatment registry of Aden health office, archives of Al-Gamhouria teaching hospital; major referral and other public and private hospitals in Aden and Aden Cancer Registry. Results: The total number of patients was 476, 99% being females. The age range was 19-88 years. The most affected age was 30-50 years (60.5%), 95% presenting after one month of having breast symptoms. Forty-five percent presented with signs of advanced local disease, while 59.2% had palpable axillary lymph nodes on presentation. Early breast cancer (stages I-II) occurred in 47%, and late breast cancer (stages III-IV) in 51.5%. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest pathology (89.3%). The main surgical treatment was mastectomy (modified radical mastectomy (50%). Conclusion: Breast cancer is predominantly a disease of young with late presentation and advanced disease. Improving health awareness and earlier diagnosis of the disease by health education, encouraging breast self-examination, and providing the mammography equipment and mammary clinics in hospitals are recommended. Establishment of oncology and radiotherapy centers in Aden is a necessity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2727-2732
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods: Incidence and mortality data for female breast cancer and corresponding population statistics from eligible cancer registries in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2010 were collected and analyzed. Crude rates, age-specific rates and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were calculated, and annual present changes (APCs) were estimated to describe the time trends. Results: From 2006 to 2010, 11,013 new cases and 3,068 deaths of female breast cancer were identified in selected cancer registry areas of Jiangsu. The annual average crude incidence and age-standardized incidence by world population (ASW) were 25.2/ and 17.9/100,000 respectively. The annual average crude and ASW for mortality rates were 7.03/ and 4.81/100,000. The incidence was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas, and this was consistent in all age groups. No significant difference was observed in mortality between urban and rural areas. Two peaks were observed when looking at age-specific rates, one at 50-59 years and another at over 85 years. During the 5 years, incidence and mortality increased with APCs of 4.47% and 6.89%, respectively. Compared to the national level, Jiangsu is an area with relatively low risk of female breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer has become a main public health problem among Chinese females. More prevention and control activities should be conducted to reduce the burden of this disease, even in relatively low risk areas like Jiangsu.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.18 no.1 s.99
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• pp.31-41
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• 1979

Breast disease is the most serious because of spreading fast and the breast is common site of cancer in women. Therefore the nurses, who are undertaking nursing, has to be provided themselves of such abilities as knowledge, disease, treatment, complicatio

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of breast disease by checking the difference in lifestyle and the natural estrogen-containing food intake. The subjects were women who visited the J-City Women's Hospital between the ages of 20 and 60 (disease=85, non disease=93) and to avoid the demographic factors that might affect lifestyle, and to ensure the homogeneity of the two groups, (${\pm}5$ years old) were randomly expressed. The logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of variables on breast disease. The probability of receiving a diagnosis of breast disease increased by 3.04 times, the probability of receiving a diagnosis of breast disease was 4.76 times higher than that of others such as brown rice grains, and the hobby life of stress relieving methods The probability of being classified as breast disease was 2.38 times. People who have experience of artificial abortion, those who enjoy white rice, and those who do not enjoy hobbies are more likely to be diagnosed with breast disease. The breast disease prevention and education program and the education program for the general public reflecting this characteristic will be necessary.