• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2008

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.(family Nymphaeaceae) has been used for summer heat syndrome as home remedy in Japan, China and Korea. Although whole plant parts are edible, root is commonly consumed. It has been reported that rhizome extract showed anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in spite of usefulness for treatment of various diseases, the effect of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome(NNR) on proliferation, migration and matrix degrading enzymes-matrix metalloproteinsases(MMPs), the expression of which degrades extracellular matrix(ECM) leading to metastasis, has not been fully elucidated. We examined the effect of hot water extract of NNR on the proliferation, migration and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rat smooth muscle cells(rSMC), epidermoid cancer cells(A431) and breast cancer cells(MDA-MB-231). The proliferation assay was carried out using MTT assay, the principle of which depends upon the conversion of MTT by mitochondrial dehydrogensases of viable cells to formazan crystals. The effect of NNR on migration of cells was examined using wound healing assay. Our results showed that there was inhibition in the proliferation, migration and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dose dependent fashion in all the cells used. Thus, we concluded that NNR could be used as traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases where proliferation, migration and MMPs' expression plays a pathological role like in restenosis and metastasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.515-520
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• 2010

The response of broiler chicks to intubation of nutrients (starch, casein, soybean oil or their combinations) into the crop immediately after hatch was evaluated for performance, intestinal development, meat yield and immune competence up to 35 d of age. A control group with no access to feed and two test groups fed either inert material (sawdust) or starter diet for the initial 24 h after hatch were compared with nutrient intubated groups (n = 7). A total of 300 broiler chicks were equally distributed to 10 dietary groups with 6 replicates of 5 chicks each. After 24 h of hatch, all groups were fed ad libitum the starter (0-21 d) and finisher diets (22-35 d). Results indicated that post-hatch intubation of starch into the crop significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) improved body weight (at 14 and 35 d of age), readyto-cook meat yields, weights of breast muscle and small intestine segments, cell-mediated immune response, ND titers and weight of bursa compared to chicks starved or fed sawdust during the initial 24 h after hatch. However, chicks with access to feed immediately after hatch or intubation of starch, soybean oil, starch+casein, starch+soybean oil or starch+casein+soybean oil exhibited similar positive effects. Intubation of casein either alone or in combination with soybean oil was superior to the starved or sawdust fed groups, but inferior to other groups for all the parameters studied. It was concluded from the study that intubation of starch individually or in combination with casein and/or soybean oil effectively circumvented the negative effects of post-hatch starvation for 24 h. Among the nutrients intubated, carbohydrate (starch) was better utilized by the chicks than protein (casein) or fat during the initial post-hatch period.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.110-121
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• 1996

It is well defined that osteoporosis is an age related disorder and associated with decreased bone mass. It is one of the most important disease lacing the aging population because of its association with fracture of the hip, vertebrae and distal radius. The disease provoke a significant economic burden and major public health problem of an elderly. The life-time risk of hip fracture in white women is approximately 15% which is equal to the combined risk of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Despite its deleterious effect on women's health, knowledge of the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Korea is only beginning. 1970 in Korea has non as the crossover period between the chronic and an Infectious diseases. As the result, the infant mortality declined and an elderly population in Korea increased significantly in the past decade, The average life expectancy of women in Korea is now about 75 years. Thus, the majority of Korean women will spend approximately one-third of their life in the postmenopause state. Therefore, better understanding of bone metabolism and fracture incidence in Korean population is a great interest for the medical community as well as for public health. Currently, no population based epidemiologic data are available to support the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in Korea. However, available data suggest that significant declining of bone mineral density (BMD [g/$cm^2$]) has been occurring in Korean women after menopause. In same population, peak BMD was observed around 33-39 years of age and continue to decline thereafter. An accelerated bone losses occur after the menopause and the average loss is approximately 13% within 15 years from the menopause. The incidence of fracture was highly correlated with an age and bone mineral density. The mean age of menopause in Korean women was 47 years and this age appears to getting younger when analyzed by the birth cohort. An earlier menopausal age and increase life expectancy place Korean women at increase risk for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Korean or Asian women are no longer protected from the risk of bone fracture. Therefore, an early prevention or intervention schemes are essential before the outbreak of osteoporosis and/or fracture occurs in Korean or Asian women.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Fowl adenovirus (FAV) is an important cause of several diseases, which result in considerable economic losses to the poultry farm. An outer capsid protein of FAV, fiber 2 is essential for virus growth, assembly or spread. This study was performed to produce about 22 kDa of recombinant fiber 2 protein and to immunize in laying hens to acquire the specific IgY antibody against the recombinant fiber 2. Laying hens were immunized with the recombinant fiber 2 intramuscularly in the breast muscle by injection 4 times at intervals of three weeks. At 12 weeks, serum- and egg yolk-antibody titers of hens against fiber 2 were increased up to 430,000 and 414,000, respectively. The recombinant fiber 2 could be recognized be the anti-His monoclonal antibody. Anti-fiber 2-IgY antibody could recognize the fiber 2 specifically in western blot analysis. These results suggested that the recombinant fiber 2 antigen could be used as an immunogen to elicit IgY antibody against fiber 2 and the anti-fiber 2-IgY could neutralize fowl adenovirus fiber 2 effectively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-123
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• 2007

We translated 'poems of prograde' and 'poems of acupoints' which in the poems of acupoints and based on that, We considered the circulating direction and region of twelve meridian comparing the notion in common today with that in the 'poems of acupoints'. Finally, we got the conclusion like below 1. About circulating line of lung meridian, it'll be proper to correct that lung meridian passes through inner edge of biceps brachii muscle like heart and pericardium meridian. 2. On the part of kidney meridian in 'poems of prograde', it's right to be corrected as the circulating line that thru the inner line of vertebrae, enters heart and lung, and scattered tho breast. 3. 'Poems of prograde' can be separated two kinds go by starting-acupoints, ending- acupoints. First is 'poems of prograde' is begun from the end of members and ended in the body. Second is from Jungbu(中府) to Kimun(期門), circulating the members and the body with no ending. 4. On the above, we can find first 'poems of prograde' in "Chimkudaejeon(鍼灸大全)", "YangKyungjechimkujeonso(楊敬齋鍼灸全書)", "Chimkudaeseong(鍼灸大成)", also second can be found in "Neungmunjeonsudonginjihyul(凌門傳授銅人指穴)", "Chimkushinso(鍼灸神書)", "Kumchimbijeon(金針秘傳)", "Kyungrakhoepyun(經絡匯編), "Kyungrakko(經絡考)", "Jungsohoechamdongindosol(重西匯參銅人圖說)", "Kyungrakdoko(經脈圖考)", "ChimkuChuiyoung(針灸聚英)", "Shipsakyoungbalhwee(十四經發揮)", "Jakushimbopyokyul(刺灸心法要訣)", "Yukyoungdoik(類經圖翼)", "Yihakimmun(醫學入門)", etc. 5. Drawing an inference from above, the forms of "Jokbishibilmaek(足臂十一脈)" and "YumYangshibilmaek(陰陽十一脈)" are in "Mawangtoebaekso(馬王堆帛書)", are rather foreforms of circulation line that from the end of members and ended in the body than meridian prograde.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.802-807
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• 2011

Cationic liposomes have been actively used as gene delivery vehicle because of their minimal toxicity, but their relatively low efficiency of gene delivery is the major disadvantage of these vectors. Recently, cysteine residue incorporation to HIV-1 Tat peptide increased liposomemediated transfection compared with unmodified Tat peptide. Therefore, we designed a novel modified Tat peptide having a homodimeric (Tat-CTHD, Tat-NTHD) and closed structure (cyclic Tat) simply by using the disulfide bond between cysteines to develop a more efficient and safe nonviral gene delivery system. The mixing of Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD with DNA before mixing with lipofectamine increased the transfection efficiency compared with unmodified Tat peptide and lipofectamine only in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. However, cyclic Tat did not show any improvement in the transfection efficiency. In the gel retardation assay, Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD showed more strong binding with DNA than unmodified Tat and cyclic Tat peptide. This enhancement was only shown when Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD were mixed with DNA before mixing with lipofectamine. The effects of Tat- CTHD and Tat-NTHD were also valid in the experiment using DOTAP and DMRIE instead of lipofectamine. We could not find any significant cytotoxicity in the working concentration and more usage of these peptides. In conclusion, we have designed a novel transfection-enhancing peptide by easy homodimerization of Tat peptide, and the simple mix of these novel peptides with DNA increased the gene transfer of cationic lipids more efficiently with no additional cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2018

Identification of the major sources contributing to PM is of importance in order to understand their quantitative contributions to atmosphere. In the viewpoint of the meat cooking in Korea, only a few analyses of organic molecular markers have been conducted due to analytical difficulties. In this study, ten different parts of meat (i.e., blade shoulder, belly, and arm shoulder of pork; ribeye roll, top blade muscle, and short plate of beef; leg quarter, breast, and wing of chicken; duck; mackerel) were pyrolyzed to generate the cooked PM using an electronic heating plate. Generated PM were collected by the pyrolysis sampling system to identify total carbon (TC) using a carbon analyzer and cholesterol using a Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) based on fragmentor voltage (FV), precursor ion, collision energy, product ion. In addition, oxydative potential (OP) analysis using dithiothreitol (DTT) method were discussed to investigate the toxicity relates. Highly correlated pairwise scatterplots between the cholesterol and TC indicate that oxydative potential was highly associated with different parts of meat. This study provides insight into the meat cooking components of PM, which could be drivers of the oxidative potential relates.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2012

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which is a bacterial superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is associated with serious diseases, including food poisoning and atopic dermatitis. This study was performed to produce about 30 kDa of recombinant SEB protein and to immunize in chickens to acquire the specific egg yolk antibody (IgY) against the recombinant SEB. Chickens were immunized with the recombinant SEB intramuscularly in the breast muscle by injection 3 times at intervals of two weeks. Serum- and egg yolk-antibody titers of hens against SEB were highest at 4 weeks after first immunization. In western blot, anti-recombinant SEB IgY was reacted immunospecifically against the recombinant SEB and commercialized SEB. These results suggested that the recombinant SEB antigen could be used as an immunogen to elicit antibody (IgY) against SEB and the anti-recombinant SEB IgY could neutralized staphylococcal enterotoxin B effectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1348-1354
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• 2003

The feeding value of high-oil corn fed to Taiwan Country (TC) chicken was examined by measuring apparent metabolizable energy (AME), growth performance, sexual maturity, carcass characteristics, and plasma pigmentation. In a completely randomized design, 870 sex-intermingled one-wk-old chicks were assigned to one of 30 floor pens, 29 birds per pen, and each pen randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The experiment was ended when birds were 16 wk of age. The five dietary treatments varied in main fat sources, which were corn oil (CO), high-oil corn (HOC), lard (LRD), whole soybean (WSB) and yellow corn (YC), respectively. All the diets were formulated isonitrogenously, isocalorically, and of equal lysine and methionine contents except YC, in which equal amounts of YC replaced HOC. The results indicated that feed conversion in HOC was 8% higher (p<0.05) than YC whereas the calculated AME of HOC was only 3.5% to 4.0% higher than that of YC. No significant differences were observed in body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and ME efficiency for body weight gain among CO, HOC, LRD, and WSB. No significant differences existed in both skin and muscle pigmentation of breast among the five dietary treatments. No significance differences existed in plasma carotenoid content measured at various ages among the five dietary treatments except that birds fed with HOC had less (p<0.05) plasma carotenoids at 16 wk-old. The results indicate that if the price of high-oil corn is no more than 1.05 times that of yellow corn, the dietary cost per kg of body weight gain for TC chickens fed diets containing high-oil corn will be less, although their body weight may be lighter compared to chickens fed diets formulated with other fat sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.258-263
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary wild-ginseng adventitious root meal (WGM) on growth performance, blood profiles, relative organ weight and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 480, 2-day-old male broiler chicks (BW = $42.8{\pm}1.38\;g$) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 cages with 20 broilers per cage). Dietary treatments were: i) CON (basal diet), ii) WGM0.1 (basal diet+0.1% WGM), iii) WGM0.2 (basal diet+0.2% WGM) and iv) WGM0.3 (basal diet+ 0.3% WGM). Birds fed WGM0.3 diet (p<0.05) had a higher feed intake (FI) than those fed the CON diet during weeks 1 to 3. During weeks 3 to 5, dietary WGM0.1 treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) BW gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) compared with the CON and WGM0.3 treatments. Overall, birds fed WGM0.1 improved BWG and FI compared with those fed the CON treatment. A greater lymphocyte count was observed (p<0.05) in WGM0.2 and WGM0.3 treatments compared with the CON treatment; dietary WGM decreased (p<0.05) the total cholesterol concentration compared with the CON group. The inclusion of WGM increased the relative weight of spleen and bursa of fabricius (p<0.05) compared with CON, while less abdominal fat was observed in the WGM0.3 treatment (p<0.05) compared with CON. The 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of breast muscle were decreased (p<0.05) by WGM supplementation. Overall, our results indicated that the use of WGM at the 0.1% level could enhance growth performance in broilers. The supplementation of WGM could induce a decreased TBARS, abdominal fat and serum cholesterol in broiler chickens.