• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1992

야온과 시용질소의 형태를 달리한 양액이 탑채와 백경채의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시한 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 탑채, 백경채 모두 야온 15$^{\circ}C$ 에서 생육이 왕성하여 생체중이 무거웠으나 건물율과 vitamin C의 함량은 온도가 낮아질수록 증가하였다. 2. 양액의 N형태 비율에 따른 백경채의 생육은 NO$_3$$^{-}$ : NH$_4$$^{+}$ 의 비가 0 : 8에서만 극히 생육이 저조하고, 다른 처리구에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 양액내 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N의 함량이 높을수록 vitamin C의 함량이 많고, NH$_4$$^{+}$-N의 함량이 높을 때는 건물율이 높았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Reuse of waste nutrient solution for the cultivation of crops could lead to considerable conservation of water resources, plant nutrients, and water quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential for reducing the use of chemical fertilizer in Chinese cabbage cultivation via the reuse of waste nutrient solution as an alternative irrigation resource. METHODS AND RESULTS: The nutrients supplied in the waste nutrient solution consisted of 1474.5, 1285.1, 991.6, and 872.6 mg/L for $K+$, ${NO_3}^-$, $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$, respectively. At 56 days after transplanting (DAT), the leaf length of Chinese cabbage plants irrigated with the waste nutrient solution treatment was significantly higher than that of plants irrigated using a conventional groundwater treatment. Additionally, the leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants irrigated with the waste nutrient solution were similar or greater than that of plants irrigated with a conventional treatment. Furthermore, the growth of plants treated with the waste nutrient solution +25% fertilizer was the highest among all tested treatments. CONCLUSION(s): These results indicate that the waste nutrient solution can be used as an alternate water resource for crop cultivation. In addition, it can contribute to reduce the fertilizer and to obtain the higher crop yield of Chinese cabbage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2016

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most serious diseases in Brassica crops worldwide. In this study, the pathotypes of 12 Korean P. brassicae field isolates were determined using various Chinese cabbage including 22 commercial cultivars from Korea, China, and Japan, and 15 inbred lines. All P. brassicae isolates exhibited the typical clubroot disease on non-clubroot resistant cultivar, indicating that the isolates were highly pathogenic. According to the reactions on the Williams' hosts, the 12 field isolates were initially classified into five races. However, when these isolates were inoculated onto clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage, several isolates led to different disease responses even though the isolates have been assigned to the same race by the Williams' host responses. Based on the pathogenicity results, the 12 field isolates were reclassified into four different groups: pathotype 1 (GN1, GN2, GS, JS, and HS), 2 (DJ and KS), 3 (HN1, PC, and YC), and 4 (HN2 and SS). In addition, the CR cultivars from Korea, China, and Japan exhibited distinguishable disease responses to the P. brassicae isolates, suggesting that the 22 cultivars used in this study, including the non-CR cultivars, are classified into four different host groups based on their disease resistance. Combining these findings, the four differential hosts of Chinese cabbage and four pathotype groups of P. brassicae might provide an efficient screening system for resistant cultivars and a new foundation of breeding strategies for CR Chinese cabbage.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.95-98
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• 1999

$CO_2$ gas 처리가 배추 자가불화합성 타파에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 배추 inbred line의 암술에서 mRNA를 분리하여 DD-PCR을 수행하였다. $CO_2$ gas를 처리한 암술에서 분리한 mRNA와 처리하지 않은 꽃에서 분리한 암술 mRNA 발현과의 특이적인 차이를 DD-PCR로 조사한 결과 세 가지 각기 다른 anchor primer에 대해 모두 18개의 특이적 증폭 DNA fragment를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 결과로 미루어 보아 $CO_2$ gas 처리에 의한 암술 mRNA발현의 변화가 배추 자가불화합성 타파에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.476-488
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• 2021

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot for cruciferous vegetables worldwide, especially for the cole crops such as cabbage and cauliflower. Due to the lack of resistant cabbage cultivars, black rot has brought about considerable yield losses in recent years in China. Understanding of the pathogen features is a key step for disease prevention, however, the pathogen diversity, population structure, and virulence are largely unknown. In this study, we studied 50 Xcc strains including 39 Xcc isolates collected from cabbage in 20 regions across China, using multilocus sequence genotyping (MLST), repetitive DNA sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), and pathogenicity tests. For MLST analysis, a total of 12 allelic profiles (AP) were generated, among which the largest AP was AP1 containing 32 strains. Further cluster analysis of rep-PCR divided all strains into 14 DNA groups, with the largest group DNA I comprising of 34 strains, most of which also belonged to AP1. Inoculation tests showed that the representative Xcc strains collected from diverse regions performed differential virulence against three brassica hosts compared with races 1 and 4. Interestingly, these results indicated that AP1/DNA I was not only the main pathotype in China, but also a novel group that differed from the previously reported type races in both genotype and virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive genetic diversity survey for Xcc strains in China, which provides evidence for cabbage resistance breeding and opens the gate for further cabbage-Xcc interaction studies.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2011

Genetic diversity among 28 Cymbidium varieties was evaluated by using a sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker system. The SRAP marker which was based on the open reading frames (ORFs) regions was developed primarily for Brassica species, but has been applied to various crops. A total of 30 SRAP primer combinations were initially screened. Twenty-eight SRAP primer combinations showed high polymorphism among the 28 Cymbidium varieties, which were consisted of breeding varieties and their parents in National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS). The amplified DNA fragments were separated by denaturing acrylamide gels and detected silver staining method. One hundred ninety six polymorphic bands (7 per primer) were generated and ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 kb in size. Polymorphic fragments were scored for calculating simple matching coefficient of genetic similarity and cluster analysis with multi-variate statistical package (MVSP) 3.1. The mean genetic similarity coefficient value was 0.588. The results showed that the correlation between $F_1$ varieties and their parents was high. These studied SRAP markers will be useful tools for genotype identification, germplasm conservation, genetic relationships in Cymbidium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2019

Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the most damaging disease in Brassica crops around the world. In this study, we developed a molecular marker specific to Xcc race 5. To do this, the available whole genome sequences of Xcc races/strains and Xc subspecies were aligned and identified a highly variable genomic region (XccR5-89.2). Subsequently, a primer set covering the 'XccR5-89.2' region was designed and tested against the genomic DNA of Xcc races/strains, Xc subspecies and other plant-infecting bacterial strains (Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair amplified a 2,172-bp fragment specific to Xcc race 5. Moreover, they also amplified a 1,515-bp fragment for Xcc race 1 and an over 3,000-bp fragment for Xcc race 3. However, they did not amplify any fragments from the remaining Xcc races/strains, subspecies or other bacterial strains. The 'XccR5-89.2' primer pair was further PCR amplified from race-unknown Xcc strains and ICMP8 was identified as race 5 among nine race-unknown Xcc strains. Further cloning and sequencing of the bands amplified from race 5 and ICMP8 with 'XccR5-89.2' primers revealed both carrying identical sequences. The results showed that the 'XccR5-89.2' marker can effectively and proficiently detect, and identify Xcc race 5 from Xcc races/strains, subspecies and other plant-infecting bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first report for an Xcc race 5-specific molecular marker.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a plant pathogen of Brassica crops that causes black rot disease throughout the world. At present, 11 physiological races of Xcc (races 1-11) have been reported. The conventional method of using differential cultivars for Xcc race detection is not accurate and it is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of specific molecular markers has been used as a substitute tool because it offers an accurate and reliable result, particularly a quick diagnosis of Xcc races. Previously, our laboratory has successfully developed race-specific molecular markers for Xcc races 1-6. In this study, specific molecular markers to identify Xcc race 7 have been developed. In the course of study, whole genome sequences of several Xcc races, X. campestris pv. incanae, X. campestris pv. raphani, and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were aligned to identify variable regions like sequence-characterized amplified regions and insertions and deletions specific to race 7. Primer pairs were designed targeting these regions and validated against 22 samples. The polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that three primer pairs specifically amplified the DNA fragment corresponding to race 7. The obtained finding clearly demonstrates the efficiency of the newly developed markers in accurately detecting Xcc race 7 among the other races. These results indicated that the newly developed marker can successfully and rapidly detect Xcc race 7 from other races. This study represents the first report on the successful development of specific molecular markers for Xcc race 7.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2020

2019년 Paratylenchus projectus에 의한 심각한 상추 피해를 국내 처음으로 보고하였다. 상추 시설재배지에서 P. projectus 밀도를 낮출 수 있는 고소득 윤작작물을 탐색하고자 십자화과(Brassicaceae)에서 6종; 갓(leaf mustard, Brassica juncea), 경수채(kyona, B. rapa subsp. nipposinica), 브로콜리(broccoli, B. oleracea var. italica), 청경채(bok choy, B. rapa subsp. chinensis), 케일(kale, B. oleracea var. viridis), 콜라비(kohlrabi, B. oleracea var. gongylodes), 국화과(Asteraceae)의 2종; 엔다이브(endive, Cichorium endivia), 치커리(chicory, C. intybus), 매꽃과(Convolvulaceae)의 1종인 공심채(morning glory, Ipomoea aquatica) 등 총 9종을 윤작시험에 사용하였다. 각 엽채류를 직경 10 cm 토화분에 심고 침선충 접종(3,000 P. projectus/100 ㎤ soil) 및 비접종으로 나누고 각 처리별 10반복으로 하여 온실에서 재배하고, 100일 후 식물의 생육, 초장, 무게, 엽수, 뿌리무게, soil plant analysis development, 선충 밀도를 조사하였다. P. projectus를 접종한 모든 작물은 무처리에 비하여 생육이 감소하였다. 지상부 무게를 기준으로 하여, 브로콜리와 갓이 56-66%로 가장 감수율이 컸고 치커리와 공심채의 수량 감수가 30-35%로 비교적 감수율이 적었다. 또한 선충의 증식률(Pf/Pi 비율)도 콜라비의 2.54에 비하여 엔다이브는 1.1, 치커리는 1.35, 공심채는 0.64로 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 이번 실험에 의하면, 상추 재배지의 윤작작물로는, 비록 충분하지는 않지만 효과적인 윤작작물을 찾기 전까지는, 다른 엽채류에 비하여 수량 감수가 비교적 적고, 선충의 증식률이 가장 낮은 공심채가 상추재배지의 윤작작물 대안일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1984

주요(主要) 밭작물(作物) 및 잡초별(雜草別) 제초제(除草劑) 반응성(反應性)을 검토(檢討)하여 유효(有效)한 제초제(除草劑)를 선발(選拔)하고, 멀칭재배조건하(栽培條件下) 제초제(除草劑) 난해원인(欒害原因)을 구명(究明)하고자 실험(實驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 1. Napropamide, alachlor, trifluralin 및 nitrofen에 내성(耐性)을 보인 작물(作物)은 무, 배추, 콩, 땅콩 및 아욱이었다. 2. Napropamide, diphenamide 및 alachlor는 고추, 가지 및 토마토에 안전(安全)한 약제(藥劑)이었고, trifluralin, nitrofen 및 chlornitrofen은 수박, 당근과 상추 약해(藥害)없이 사용(使用)할 수 있었다. 3. 공시약제(供試藥劑) 모두에 대(對)해서 가장 내성(耐性)이 큰 잡초(雜草)는 냉이었다. 4. 여뀌는 napropamide와 alachlor로 방제(防除)할 수 없었으며, 쇠비름은 diphenamide에 명아주는 alachlor에 대(對)한 저항성(抵抗性) 초종(草種)이었다. 5. 공시약제중(供試藥劑中) 요소계(尿素系)인 methabenzthiazuron, linuron 및 isoproturon은 공시작물(供試作物)에 큰 약해(藥害)를 나타내었지만, 잡초(雜草)에 대(對)한 방제효과면(防除效果面)에서는 화본과(禾本科)보다는 광엽작초(廣葉雜草)에 더 큰 효과(效果)를 나타내었다. 아욱은 isoproturon에, 당근은 linuron에 대(對)하여 내약성(耐藥性)을 나타내었다. 6. 땅콩포장에 있어서 공시(供試)4종제초제(種除草劑) 모두 멀칭재배조건(栽培條件)이 무(無)멀칭에서 보다 심(甚)한 약해(藥害)룰 나타내었다. 공시(供試) dinitrioaniline계(系) 제초제(除草劑)들의 약해(藥害)는 멀칭후(後) 휘발(揮發)된 약제(藥劑)를 제거(除去)함으로써 감소(減少)되었다. 7. 땅콩포장의 멀칭 재배조건하(栽培條件下)에서 alachlor는 가장 적은 약해(藥害)를 보였고, dinitroaniline계(系) 제초제중(除草劑中)에서는 nitraline, pendimethalin, trifluralin 순(順)으로 약해(藥害)가 증가(增加)하였다.