• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2003

Effects of cutting time and scions section on shooting and plantlets growth characteristics were investigated to increase plantlets products by root cuttings in lacquer tree. Shoot induction from scion section was developed lately as it planted in earlier season. However, shooting rates were over 84% or more in cut planting on 15, 25 March and 5 April than sinee 15 April. Shoots were developed evenly as late cut planting. Generally, plant height, branch number, leaf number, stem diameter, and leaf area per plantlets was excellent in cut planting on 25 March and 5 April. Shooting rate from the root scion varied greatly by root sectionings. The rate of the 10 cm-long-scion was reached 84％, whereas only 54％ in no trimmed root scion after 10 weeks of cutting. Regenerated plantlets from root scion without cut were slightly good in shape, but their height, number of branch per plantlets, and stem diameter were not significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of wound dressing with thiophanate-methyl paste on the compartmentalization of pruning wounds in Acer palmatum. A total of thirty field-grown trees were used for three different treatments, such as no dressing, dressing once right after pruning cut, and dressing twice, one more dressing treatment one year after initial dressing. Wound closure rate (WCR) and discolored/wound area ratio (D/W ratio) two years after treatment were measured. Variations of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at the treated branch unions were also examined. The WCR of no dressing treatment of 70.9% was significantly lower than those of the two dressing treatments (85.4% and 82.7%, respectively), while the difference between dressing once and twice was not significant. The D/W ratio of no dressing treatment (39.3%) was significantly higher than those of the two dressing treatments (around 30%). Generally, at the branch core of the treated union, contents of extractives and lignin were higher and holocellulose contents were lower than the branch core of the union with living branch. Among the branch core of treated union, no dressing treatment showed a relatively lower holocellulose (63.5%), and relatively higher extractives (2.8%) and lignin (26.6%) than dressing once (66.2%, 1.7%, 26.1%, respectively).

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2004

Electromagnetically coupled coaxial dipole (ECCD) array antenna with and without short-ended termination is investigated theoretically. The integral equations are derived for the structure by use of the Fourier transform and mode expansion of radial waveguide. The integrals appearing in the integral equations are evaluated along the branch cut instead of real axis for a faster convergent integral. The effects of slots and dipoles, short-ended termination length, and dielectric coating on the radiation characteristics are presented. Radiation pattern of the structure is also investigated. The results of the present method are compared with those of the commercial EM simulator and good agreement is found.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

This paper deals with financing an early retirement scheme problem(FERSP) with minimum initial cash and filling up maximum financial interest. For this problem, Guéret et al. programming the Mosel, and Edvall merely realize the CPLEX Branch-and-Cut MIP Solver program to get the optimal solution. But there is no clear rule to finding the solution. This paper suggests calculation formula of bond number decision-making that the reverse from long arrival due date to short. Then we optimize and confirm the bonds number in accordance with continuative effect of the arrival due date. The shortage prepare with the principal and interest of one year deposit(saving) reversely calculation formula.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.350-353
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• 2001

This study proposes a new method for the transmission system expansion planning using the fuzzy integer programming. It presents stepwise cost characteristics analysis which is a practical condition of an actual systems. A branch and bound method which includes the network flow method and the maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem has been used in order to proceed the stepwise cost characteristics analysis. Uncertainties of the permission of the construction cost and not strict reserve rate and load forecasting of expansion planning have been included and also processed using fuzzy set theory in this study. In order to proceed the latter analysis, the solving procedure is illustrated in detail by branch and bound method which includes the network flow method and maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem. Finally, case studies on 21-bus test system show that the algorithm proposed is efficiently applicable to the practical expansion planning of transmission systems in future.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.945-950
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• 2015

A novel microstrip low-pass filter is presented to achieve an ultra-wide stopband with 11 harmonic suppression and very sharp skirt characteristics. The filter is composed of a modified U-shaped resonator (which creates two fully adjustable transmission zeroes), a T-shaped resonator (which determines a cut-off frequency), and four radial stubs (which provide a wider stopband). The operating mechanism of the filter is investigated based on a proposed equivalent-circuit model, and the role of each section of the proposed filter in creating null points is theoretically discussed in detail. The presented filter with 3 dB cut-off frequency ($f_c=2.35GHz$) has been fabricated and measured. Results show that a relative stopband bandwidth of 164% (referred to as a 22 dB suppression) is obtained while achieving a high figure-of-merit of 15,221.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.741-751
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• 1996

The three dimensional cutting-stock problem is to maximize the total value of pieces which are smaller cubics-cut from a original cubic stock. This paper suggests a method to maximize the total value of different size cut pieces using the orthogonal non-guillotine cut technique. We first formulated a zero-one integer programming, then developed a Lagrangeon relaxation method far the problem. The solutions were given by using a brunch-end-bound technique associates with Lagrangean relaxation, which guarantees an optimal solution.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 2011

To cut down the maintenance expenses at branch lines, the foreign developed countries have developed the low-cost signalling on low-density lines. These examples are FFB(FunkFahrBetrieb) Radio based train operation by German railways(Deutsche Bahn AG), ERTMS REGIONAL by Europe and LOCOPROL system using a GPS. Also, Korea is developing Information and Communication Technology based low-cost signalling on low-density lines. The characteristics of this system are directly controled switch and crossing by driver. For the purpose of this paper, we reviewed the business process for switch and crossing control. Specially, we compared and analysed both methods whether the driver takes control over the operation procedures of switch or the control message is carried by the command of the controller. And by utilizing the instrument of UML, I planned the switch according to the control authority and the operation procedures needed for the control of crossing.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2021

This paper deals with bid evaluation problem that chooses the vendors and quantity with minimum purchasing cost for bid information of setup cost and unit price. For this problem, the branch-and-bound(BB) and branch-and-cut(BC) methods are well-known. But these methods can be fail to obtain the optimal solution. This paper gets the initial feasible solution with procuring quantity assignment principle in accordance with the unit price or setup cost rank-first. Then procuring quantity moving optimization(vendor change) is execute take account of unit price or setup cost rank. As a result of experimentation, the propose algorithm is significantly lower compared to BB and BC.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2003

Neosiphonia is separated from the traditionally well known genus Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) and 12 species includes in Korea. In this study, the vegetative and reproductive developments of two Neosiphonia species, N. decumbens (Segi) M.S. Kim et I.K. Lee and N. harlandii (Harvey) M.S. Kim et I.K. Lee, are reinvestigated. N. decumbens is diagnosed by following combination of the characters: plants 1-3 cm high, dwarf, decumbent, main axes indistinct, irregularly branched in dichotomous manner, and alternately or secundly ramified with wide angles above. N. harlandii is distinguished by the features: plants 4-8 cm high, usually solitary and saxicolous, erect, densely corticated at base of distinct main axes, rather irregularly alternate in branch, and with cicatrigenous branchlets developed numerously on every part of frond. The two species share typical characteristics of the genus Neosiphonia, such as a base attached by unicellular rhizoids, cut off by cross wall, pericentral cells in 4, trichoblasts moderately developed near the apex of branches, leaving persistent scar-cells, tetrasporangia arranged in a spiral series, procarps with 3-celled carpogonial branch, and spermatangial branches arising as a primary branch of trichoblast. Taxonomy of the two Neosiphonia in regard to Polysiphonia is discussed.