• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-79
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• 2017

The major purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the presidential system in South Korea during the past three decades ever since the country's democratization in 1987 from the comparative institutional perspective. As imperial presidentialism during the so-called three Kim's era(1987-2003) disappeared right after the political retirement of the three Kims in 2003, then president-centered presidentialism emerged during the post-three Kim's era, since the country's recent three presidents possessed their relatively low-level of partisan power in terms of their control of National Assemblies and their respective presidents' parties during their presidencies. South Korea has now a strong possibility to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into the American-style separatist presidential system in the near future, since the country's National Assembly has continuously been making its efforts to function as an effective governing body being compatible with the American Congress. In addition, the country's judiciary branch has effectively been playing a political role like the US supreme court ever since the country's democratization in 1987. It is also emphasized that South Korea's civic society is currently playing as a guardian of democracy through its effective and responsive political participations in many public sectors for promoting civic liberties, public welfare, and other democratic values. South Korea now needs to carry out constitutional revisions, political reforms of legislative system, party system, and electoral system as well as correct some contradictory political understandings and habits in a way to transform the current president-centered presidentialism into American-style separatist presidential system in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.985-994
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• 2016

Since the inauguration of Defense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA) in 2006, the national defense core technology research & development business has not only pertained to the weapons systems development but also to the improvement of the national science & technology capability via the acquisition of cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, it has been closely related to the promotion of the defense industry and the mutual improvements of defense and civil technologies. The cyber warfare weapon system, a newly added national defense weapon system field since 2015, has become a promising weapon system branch for improving the national defense power as well as the national defense industry as shown in the case of Israel. By utilizing the existing result of the national defense core technology level, in order to establish the direction of technology planning of the cyber warfare weapon system, this paper analyzes the technology level and features of the cyber warfare weapon system in various aspects via comparisons with other weapons systems. The result of these analyses shows that the cyber warfare weapon system possesses a relatively high technology level due to the technology accumulation in the civilian sector while the relatively slow inclusion to the national weapons systems and the lack of the correspondence case regarding aggressive cyber responses in the defense sector yields a relatively low national rank. However, the technological gap between South Korea and the most advanced country in the field of cyber warfare technology is analyzed to be among the lowest, which indicates that with efficient and effective pursuits in terms of pthe weapons systems acquisitions as well as the core technologies research & development business, an outstanding cyber warfare capacity can be obtained in a short time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-438
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• 1998

The bit error rate(BER) performance of Trellis Coded QPSK signal in the presence of cochannel interference (CCI) and Rician fading is investigated. The trellis coded QPSK system adopts Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) diversity reception and Reed-Solomon code to enhance system performance. Using the derived error probability equation, the error performance of trellis coded QPSK system has been evaluated and shown in figures to discuss as a function of signal power to noise power ratio (SNR), signal power to interference power ratio(SIR), direct to indirect signal power ratio ($K_R$), the number of diversity branch (M), the frame length of Reed-Solomon code (n), the number of error correction symbol (t), and the number of state of trellis encoder. From the results, we know that proposed system is affected by cochannel interference and fading in microcell environment. Also, BER performance of Trellis Coded QPSK system can be improved as increasing either the power of desired signal or the value of SIR. And the BER floor in microcellular system is caused by the cochannel interference and it occurs at high BER when SIR is low. And Reed-Solomon code (n=15, t=2) is more effective to restrain the affection of CCI and fading than MRC diversity reception (M=2).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.750-762
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• 2019

The importance of the call center as a contact point for the enterprise is growing. However, call centers have difficulty with their operating agents due to the agents' lack of knowledge and owing to frequent agent turnover due to downturns in the business, which causes deterioration in the quality of customer service. Therefore, through an N-bank call center case study, we developed a system to reduce the burden of keeping up business knowledge and to improve customer service quality. It is a "real-time agent advisor" system that provides agents with answers to customer questions in real time by combining AI technology for speech recognition, natural language processing, and questions & answers for existing call center information systems, such as a private branch exchange (PBX) and computer telephony integration (CTI). As a result of the case study, we confirmed that the speech recognition system for real-time call analysis and the corpus construction method improves the natural speech processing performance of the query response system. Especially with name entity recognition (NER), the accuracy of the corpus learning improved by 31%. Also, after applying the agent advisor system, the positive feedback rate of agents about the answers from the agent advisor was 93.1%, which proved the system is helpful to the agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2007

This study mainly aims at suggesting plans applicable to the outdoor of environment-friendly communities in Korea by leveraging more natural conditions and materials when creating an outdoor biotop for an environment-friendly community and generating material types and development techniques enabling a natural circulation system. To this end, materials used in the outdoor of environment-friendly communities and traditional residential areas in Korea and biotop materials found in natural areas were examined. First, when the case examples of environment-friendly communities were reviewed, biotop spaces and materials that may function as habitats were hardly found. Materials used in biotop were mainly man-made structures made of artificial or processed materials, such as concrete, stones, bricks, woods and steels. Meanwhile, the outdoor space of traditional Korean villages had stone walls, soil walls, rock piles and composite piles, which composed of natural materials such as rocks, soil and plants, that naturally formed porous spaces along with the introduction of plants and provided habitats for a variety of insects. In natural areas, naturally created biotop spaces, such as rock piles, log piles, old tree deployment, branch piles, hay stacks and defoliated leaves, were found. Meanwhile, when spaces and materials available for biotop creation were reviewed to create an environment-friendly residential complex, they were divided into fences and hedges, green spaces between parks and residential buildings, ponds and waterscape spaces, zones separating pedestrian walks and roadways, breast walls and slope boundary, plant box and pergola. For each space, materials used for creating biotops and that were found in traditional Korean residential areas and natural areas were applied and suggested.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.596-607
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• 2020

Scaling is an important operation because of the iterative nature of arithmetic processes in digital signal processors (DSPs). In residue number system (RNS)-based DSPs, scaling represents a performance bottleneck based on the complexity of intermodulo operations. To design an efficient RNS scaler for special moduli sets, a body of literature has been dedicated to the study of the well-known moduli sets {2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ, 2ⁿ + 1} and {2ⁿ, 2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ⁺¹ - 1}, and their extension in vertical or horizontal forms. In this study, we propose an efficient programmable RNS scaler for the arithmetic-friendly moduli set {2^n+p, 2ⁿ - 1, 2ⁿ⁺¹ - 1}. The proposed algorithm yields high speed and energy-efficient realization of an RNS programmable scaler based on the effective exploitation of the mixed-radix representation, parallelism, and a hardware sharing technique. Experimental results obtained for a 130 nm CMOS ASIC technology demonstrate the superiority of the proposed programmable scaler compared to the only available and highly effective hybrid programmable scaler for an identical moduli set. The proposed scaler provides 43.28% less power consumption, 33.27% faster execution, and 28.55% more area saving on average compared to the hybrid programmable scaler.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the health and economic burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases (cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2/3, and genital warts) in Singapore over a period of 25 years beginning in 2008. Methods: Incidence-based modeling was used to estimate the incidence cases and associated economic burden, with the assumption that age-stratified incidence rates will remain the same throughout the period of 25 years. The incidence rates in 2008 were projected based on data obtained from the National Cancer Registry for cervical cancer, and from a combination of published data and hospital registry review for CIN1/2/3 and genital warts. The population growth rate was factored into the projection of incidence cases over time. Direct cost data per cervical cancer and per CIN1/2/3 case were obtained from the financial database of large local hospitals while cost data for genital warts were obtained from the National Skin Center; these costs were multiplied by the number of incidence cases to produce an aggregate estimate of the economic burden over the 25-year period (in 2008 Singapore dollars) using a 3% discount rate. Results: The total number of incidence cases of HPV-disease over 25 years beginning in 2008 was estimated to be 60,183, including 8,078 for cervical cancer, 11,685 for CIN 2/3, 8,849 for CIN1, and 31,572 for genital warts. The estimated total direct cost was 83.2 million Singapore Dollars over 25 years: 57.6 million attributable to cervical cancer, 13.0 million to CIN2/3, 6.83 million to CIN1, and 5.70 million to genital warts. Conclusion: HPV-related diseases are expected to impose significant health and economic burden on the Singapore healthcare resources in the next 25 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2015

The angle of attack of a cambered otter board in a bottom trawl was estimated using a three-dimensional semi-analytic treatment of a towing cable (warp) system that was applied to the field experiments of a bottom trawl obtained by the Scanmar system. The equilibrium condition of the horizontal component and vertical component of forces was used to the three forces acting on the otter board in the horizontal plane. Those forces were the force on the warp at the bracket, hydrodynamic lift and drag forces on the otter board and the force on the hand rope attached just behind the otter board. Also the equilibrium of moment about the front edge of the otter board was used to find out the angle of attack of the cambered otter board. When the warp length was 120m and 180m long and the towing speed was between 1.23 and 1.90 m/s, the estimated angle of attack of the cambered otter board was ranged between $26.1^{\circ}$ and $29.6^{\circ}$, respectively, though the maximum lift force was at the angle of attack $22.6^{\circ}$. The angle of attack of the otter board was tended to increase weakly with the longer length of warp (180 m) at the same towing speed in the experiment.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-87
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• 1991

The computer program which predicts the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder 4-Stroke cycle spark-ignition engine, can be great assistance for the design and development of new engine. In this study, the computer program was developed to predict the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder four stroke cycle spark ignition engine including intake and exhaust systems. When gas exchange process is to be calculated, the evaluation of the variation of the thermo-dynamic properties with time and position in the intake and exhaust systems is required. For the purpose, the application of the generalized method of characteristics to the gas exchange process is known as one of the method. The simulation model developed was investigated to the analysis of the branch system of multi-cylinder. The models used were the 2-zone expansion model and single zone model for in cylinder calculation and the generalized method of characteristic including area change, friction, heat transfer and entropy gradients for pipe flow calculation. The empirical constants reduced to least number as possible were determined through the comparison with the experimented indicator diagram of one particular operation condition and these constants were applied to other operating condition. The predicted pressures in cylinder were compared with the experimental results over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The predicted values have shown good agreement with the experimental results. The thermodynamic properties in the intake and exhaust system were predicted over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Pressures in the exhaust manifold have a little influence on the equivalence ratio, a great influence on the ignition timing. 2. Pressures in the inlet manifold are nearly unchanged by the equivalence ratio and the ignition timing. 3. In this study, the behaviors of the exhaust temperature, gas in the exhaust manifold were ascertained.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.110-138
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• 1983

After Liberation of Korea, Korean fisheries economy fell into an exhausted conditions because of the damage of Japanese colonization policy and the Korean War, and fisheries organizations of those days established for the improvement of fishermen's welfare could not carry out their primary purposes and functions. Under such circumstances, Fisheries Cooperatives starting on April 1st in 1961 played a great role in settling the socio-economic confusion of those days. Fisheries financing was also more systematic and substantial after establishment of Fisheries Cooperatives. In fact fisheries industry was faced with much more riskiness than any other industry on account of its speciality and such a riskiness induced general financial institutions to be reluctant to lend money to the fishermen. In order to overcome such a capital rationing, it was necessary to establish the reciprocal financing system based on the principle of mutual protection of economic weakers. Credit business in Fisheries Cooperatives beginning in 1963 was mainly dependent on governmental fund as fund sources. But the size of fund was too small to satisfy fishermen's fund demand, therefore Fisheries Cooperatives carried out the movement of raising its own fund. As a result of the movement the ratio of its own fund to total funds amounted to 47.7% in 1980, but external funds still take a greater part of all funds. To settle the weakness of the ratio of its own fund and chronic deficiency of fund, a conclusion can be drawn as follows : 1. The enlargement of Fisheries Cooperatives' raising ability of funds. .The expansion of urban branch to absorb idle funds in urban area. .The diversification of financing service to compete with genetral financial institutions. 2. The enlargement of governmental fund and preferential treatment of fishermen's savings. 3. Vitalization of mutual finance and fixation of Fisheries Cooperatives' two-phase organization. 4. The re-enforcement of supervisory financing and post management system.