• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• no.12
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1970

The studies were intended to clarify the correlations between the characters and the influences upon yield of mulberry trees. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain the genotypic correlations and phenotypic correlations among the eight characters namely branch length, node number, branch diameter, branch number per stock, total branch weight, old branch weight, new shoot and leaf weight, etc., and path-coefficients were calculated by Dewey's method (5). The results obtained are summarized as follows： 1. Genotypic correlations were slightly higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations between tile characters as shown in Table 1. It could be indicated that hight leaf yield was genetically correlated with almost all characters studied except branch diameter. 2. Leaf yield of mulberry trees was mainly associated with the characters such as node number per branch, total branch weight and old branch weight, etc. 3. Branch length, branch diameter, branch number per stock and new shoot weight had little direct influence upon yield but it had rather considerable indirect in fluence upon yield by increasing the node number and total branch weight per stock. As a result, it can be concluded that total branch weight is primarily determined by branch number per stock and old branch weight, and in turn the leaf yield of mulberry trees is secondary determined by the node number by increasing the branch diameter and length which are positively correlated with branch number per stock and new shoot weight of mulberry trees.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1969

Experiments were carried out to make clear the relationships among some morphological characters of four-varieties of mulberry trees. Simple correlation coefficients and particial correlation coefficients were calcultated among the characters, namely branch length, branch diameter, leaf number per branch, leaf area per branch, node number per branch, total branch wt. branch weight except leaves and leaf weight per branch of the mulberry trees. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Variances of the characters and covariances between the each characters are shown in table 1, and simple correlation coefficients among various characters are shown in table 2. It was observed that there were close relationships between yield (leaf weight) and branch length, branch diameter, leaf number per branch, leaf are per branch, node number per branch, total branch weight and branch weight except leaves, respectively. 2. Partial correlation coefficients among some characters are shown in table 3. From this table, it was also observed that leaf yield of mulberry trees and leaf area are more closely related more than leaf yield and the other characters of mulberry trees in four different varieties. From the experimental studies, it was recognized that the four characters, namely branch length, branch diameter, leaf number and leaf area, should be very useful characters in the estimation of mulberry leaf yield as they could be measured. or counted easily before harvest of mulberry leaves, and are affected more in mulberry 1eaf yields than the other characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 1987

A genetic study on the panicle characters in Oryza sativa was carried out by means of a 5 x 5 diallel cross. The five parental varieties were Raekyung, Yeongnamjosaeng, Nongbaek, Yushin and Honenwase. All characters were correlated positively each other, except number of kernels per primary branch. The number of secondary branches per primary branch.was the most effective factor in determining the number of kernels per panicle, the next being the number of primary branches per panicle. Regression analyses of the data of Vr/Wr indicated the presence of non-allelic gene interactions for all characters. Overdominant characters were the number of kernels per panicle, the number of primary branches per panicle, the number of secondary branches per primary branch, the number of kernels per primary branch and sum of kernels on all the tertiary branches per panicle, suggesting that the characters were more influenced by dominant effect than additive effect. However, the number of kernels per secondary branch was partially dominant where the genetic variation was due more to additive effect than to dominance effect. But after omitting the parent which had non-allelic interaction gene, the characters; the number of kernels per panicle, the number of secondary branches per primary branch, and the number of kernels per secondary branch, were partially dominant. Narrow sense heritabilities(h$^2$ N) in number of kernels per panicle and number of secondary branches were high and moderate, respectively, but those of the rest were lower. Mean squares of GCA and SCA of all characters, except SCA of the number of kernels per secondary branch, were highly significant. Effects of GCA were larger than SCA effects in all characters. Raekyung, Yushin and Nongbaek had highly positive GCA, and the best positive SCA was observed in crosses of Nongbaek x Tongillines (Raekyung, Yushin, and Yeongnamjosaeng) in all characters.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.12
• /
• pp.1734-1737
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a prediction structure with a Hybrid Dynamic Branch Prediction (HDBP) scheme which decreases the number of stalls. In the application, a branch history register is dynamically adjusted to produce more unique index values of pattern history table (PHT). The number of stalls is also reduced by using the modified gshare predictor with a long history register folding scheme. The aliasing rate decreased to 44.1% and the miss prediction rate decreased to 19.06% on average compared with the gshare branch predictor, one of the most popular two-level branch predictors. Moreover, Compared with the gshare, an average improvement of 1.28% instructions per cycle (IPC) was achieved. Thus, with regard to the accuracy of branch prediction, the HDBP is remarkably useful in boosting the overall performance of the superscalar processor.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.10
• /
• pp.41-43
• /
• 1969

The experimental studies were intended to clarify the effects leaf yield calculations, and also aimed at estimating the heritabilities on some characters for the selection of desirable stocks of mulberry trees. The method of estimating heritabilities for the eight characters-branch length, node number, branch diameter, branch number per stock, total branch weight, old branch weight, new shoot and leaf weight, and leaf weight, was the variance components procedures in a replicated trial for the varietal lines. The results are summarized as follows: Means, variances and standard errors for the characters are shown in table 1, and the results of variance analyses are also shown in table 2. Heritability values of node number was the highest, and these of branch number per stock was the lowest, and these of other six characters were intermediate values. These all calculated heritability values were higher than anticipated. This was expected since these values, which were the broad sense heritability, contain the variance due to dominance and epistasis in addition to the additive variance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.94-94
• /
• 2017

Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima are rice cultivars distributed in Asia and Africa. There are several differences between these cultivars in morphological characteristics such as panicle structure and especially the secondary branch number of O. glaberrima is less than that of O. sativa. Generally, branch number of panicle related to a large vascular bundle number (VBN) among O. sativa and there is a wide variation of the VBN of the peduncle from where the bundles enter into the rachis branches. However, there is less information about VBN in O. glaberrima and also the relationship between VBN and branch numbers, the primary branch number (PBN) and secondary branch number (SBN). Additionally, the genetic factor for VBN and branch number in O. glaberrima is not completely exploited. In this study, phenotypic variation for VBN and panicle structure were investigated using a set of 40 $BC_3$ -derived from IRGC 104038 (O. glaberrima from Senegal) and 35 $BC_4$ -derived from IRGC103777 (O. glaberrima from Mali) introgression lines with a genetic background of japonica rice Taichung 65. Taichung 65 had 11.8 PBN, 16.0 SBN and 11.5 VBN, while IRGC 103777 had 12.0 PBN, 15.0 SBN and 15.3 VBN. The introgression lines derived from IRGC 104038 had range from 9.0 to 14.4 in the PBN, range from 9.6 to 33.5 in the SBN and range from 9.8 to 14.8 in the VBN. Additionally, the introgression lines derived from IRGC 103777 had range from 9.0 to 18.5 in the PBN, range from 10.3 to 39.0 in the SBN and range from 9.0 to 15.3 in the VBN. Among two set of introgression lines, there are significant correlation between VBN and PBN. Multiple introgression lines indicated higher PBN, SBN and VBN than Taichung 65 and these examined characteristics are supposedly controlled by quantitative traits loci. The genetic factor related to VBN and panicle architecture can be revealed using segregating population in future study.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.38A no.12
• /
• pp.1094-1101
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes an improved branch predictor that reduces the number execution cycles of applications by selectively accessing a specific element in 4-way associative cache. When a branch instruction is fetched, the proposed branch predictor acquires a branch target address from the selected element in the cache by referring to MRU buffer. Branch prediction rate and application execution speed are considerably improved by increasing the number of BTAC entries in restricted power condition, when compared with that of previous branch predictor which accesses all elements. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic branch predictor is verified by executing benchmark applications on the core simulator. Experimental results show that number of execution cycles decreases by an average of 10.1%, while power consumption increases an average of 7.4%, when compared to that of a core without a dynamic branch predictor. Execution cycles are reduced by 4.1% in comparison with a core which employs previous dynamic branch predictor.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.43-60
• /
• 2009

To improve the performance of wide-issue superscalar processors, it is essential to increase the width of instruction fetch and the issue rate. Removal of control hazard has been put forward as a significant new source of instruction-level parallelism for superscalar processors and the conditional branch prediction is an important technique for improving processor performance. Branch mispredictions, however, waste a large number of cycles, inhibit out-of-order execution, and waste electric power on mis-speculated instructions. Hence, the branch predictor with higher accuracy is necessary for good processor performance. In global-history-based predictors like gshare and GAg, many mispredictions come from commit update of the branch history. Some works on this subject have discussed the need for speculative update of the history and recovery mechanisms for branch mispredictions. In this paper, we present a new mechanism for recovering the branch history after a misprediction. The proposed mechanism adds an age_counter to the original predictor and doubles the size of the branch history register. The age_counter counts the number of outstanding branches and uses it to recover the branch history register. Simulation results on the SimpleScalar 3.0/PISA tool set and the SPECINT95 benchmarks show that gshare and GAg with the proposed recovery mechanism improved the average prediction accuracy by 2.14% and 9.21%, respectively and the average IPC by 8.75% and 18.08%, respectively over the original predictor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.73 no.1
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 1986

This study was done to classify 15 species in the genus Acer through tracking of the changing shape of the vascular branch from the base part to the terminal part of petiole by the anatomical method. The basic vascular branches were 3 ea, except A. mandshuricum 3-4 ea. The vascular bundle was separated, moved and connected from the base part to the terminal part of petiol, the number of separated vascular branch was 11-32 ea., the number of connected vascular branch was 0-17 ea., and the ratio of the separated vascular branch to the connected was 0.00-8.00. The maximum number of vascular branch in No, 39 of cross section part was observed in 12 species; A. ginnala and A. buergerianum were No. 11, A. truncatum and A. platanoides were No. 13, A. saccharium was No. 26. The number of the connected vascular branches with the main vascular branch were 0-6, while the number of the separated vascular branch were 0-7. On the ratio of separation to connection of the base vascular branch; "A", "B" and "C", the symmetrical shapes on the basis of "B" were A>BC, AB>C shape. The classical groups by the development of main vascular branch formation were obtained 7 groups of "a" through "g" shape. Especially, A. negundo and A. saccharinum were shown to have central vascular branches with unique changing patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.97 no.5
• /
• pp.516-524
• /
• 2008

We investigated on the distribution of nutrient contents (N. P and K) in current and one-year old needles of Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis, to understand the physiological effects of alternate bearing. One experimental set was designed with three types of cone number (one, three and five) under natural state and cone number of another one was controlled by thinning. Test samples were separated to collect into three fractions; current needles on the shoot and one-year old needles above and under the cone. On the branch without cone, N, P and K concentrations in needles on the shoot were higher than those in needles of one-year old branch. At natural state, needle P concentration was the lowest in needles on the five-cone branch in August. Macronutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in needle K concentration. Under cone thinning, N. P and K concentrations were the highest in needles on one-cone branch and the lowest in needles on five-cone branch. Needle nutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in the needle on five-cone branch. In conclusion, the current needles of the shoot and cones are a strong sink of nutrient like N. P and K, and the increase of cone number influences nutrient removal from needles.