• 한국인지과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인지과학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.37-41
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• 2010

The previous investigations of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in the memory retrieval tasks demonstrated that event-related potentials (ERP) during recollection showed different durations and the peak levels from those without recollection. However, it has been unknown that recollection in memory retrieval also modulates high-frequency brain rhythms as well as establishes large-scale synchronization across different cortical areas. In this study, we examined the spectral components of the EEG signals, especially the gamma bands (20-80Hz), measured during the memory retrieval tasks. Specifically, we focused on two major spectral components: first, we evaluated the temporal patterns of the power spectral density before and after the onset of the memory retrieval task; second, we estimated phase synchrony between all possible pairs of EEG channels to evaluate large-scale synchronization. Fourteen healthy subjects performed the memory retrieval task in the virtual reality environment where they selected whether or not t he present item was seen in the previous training period. When the subjects viewed the unseen items, the middle gamma power (40-60Hz) appeared to increase 200-500ms after stimulus onset while the low gamma power (20Hz) was suppressed all the way through the post-stimulus period 150ms after onset. The degree of phase synchronization in this low gamma level, however, increased when the subjects fetched the item from memory. This suggests that phase synchrony analysis might reveal different aspects of the memory retrieval process than the gamma power, providing additional information to the inference on the brain dynamics during memory retrieval.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2006

Objective : After ischemic stroke, partial recovery of function frequently occurs and may depend on the plasticity of axonal connections. Here, we examine whether blockade of the Nogo/NogoReceptor[NgR] pathway might enhance axonal sprouting and thereby recovery after focal brain infarction. Methods : Adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing $250{\sim}350g$ were used. Left middle cerebral artery occlusion[MCAO] was induced with a intraluminal filament. An osmotic mini pump [Alzet 2ML4, Alza Scientific Products, Palo Alto, CA] for the infusion of NgR-Ecto[310]-Fc to block Nogo/NgR pathway was implanted 1 week after cerebral ischemia. Prior to induction of ischemia, all animals received training in the staircase and rotarod test. Two weeks after biotin dextran amine injection, animals were perfused transcardially with PBS, followed by 4% paraformadehyde/PBS solution. Brain and cervical spinal cord were dissected. Eight coronal sections spaced at 1mm intervals throughout the forebrain of each animal with cresyl violet acetate for determination of infarction size. Images of each section were digitized and the infarct area per section was measured with image analysis software. Results : Histological examination at 11 weeks post-MCAO demonstrates reproducible stroke lesions and no significant difference in the size of the stroke between the NgR[310]Ecto-Fc protein treated group and the control group. Behavioral recovery is significantly better and more rapid in the NgR-Ecto[310]-Fe treated group. Blockade of NgR enhances axonal sprouting from the uninjured cerebral cortex and improves the return of motor task performance. Conclusion : Pharmacological interruption of NgR allows a greater degree of axonal plasticity in response this is associated with improved functional recovery of complicated motor tasks.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2013

This case report described a single case of adult stoke patient due to Moyamoya disease through long-term follow-up observation, which included his demographics, brain images, and change of motor function and functional activities. The subject was the 54-year-old male diagnosed with left hemiparesis from a stroke due to multifocal encephalomalacia in both hemispheres. At the time of the stroke attack, he took brain surgery intervention including external ventricular drain. Physical and occupational therapy for stroke rehabilitation were admitted including muscle strengthening exercises, functional activity/ADL training, neurofacilitative techniques with bobath or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concepts, and compensatory strategy. Patient's MRI showed that right frontal lobe, right peri-ventricular area, left parietal, and left occipital lobes were damaged, and MRA showed that abnormal collateral vessel was richly developed in both hemispheres by occlusion of proximal internal carotid arteries in both sides. His motor strength was improved from poor to good grade in all of upper and lower limb motions, that MBC was improved from stage 1 to stage 5. In FAC and barthel index, at the initial evaluation, he could not perform any functional movement, but his FAC and barthel index were on 3 and 14 points at present, respectively. During long-term follow-up for approximately 4 years, the subject's functional motor ability was improved, as similar with recovery progression of usual stroke patient. We believe that this single case report will provide clinical information and concern regarding Moyamoya disease with physical therapist, in terms of such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, clinical features, recovery process, and prognosis.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.979-987
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• 2021

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be early diagnosed by detecting lesions in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). Unsupervised anomaly detection methods based on autoencoder have been recently proposed for automated detection of MS lesions. However, these autoencoder-based methods were developed only for 2D images (e.g. 2D cross-sectional slices) of MRI, so do not utilize the full 3D information of MRI. In this paper, therefore, we propose a novel 3D autoencoder-based framework for detection of the lesion volume of MS in MRI. We first define a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for full MRI volumes, and build each encoder and decoder layer of the 3D autoencoder based on 3D CNN. We also add a skip connection between the encoder and decoder layer for effective data reconstruction. In the experimental results, we compare the 3D autoencoder-based method with the 2D autoencoder models using the training datasets of 80 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the testing datasets of 25 MS patients from the Longitudinal multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation challenge, and show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in prediction of MS lesion by up to 15%.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prevents tissue necrosis of the brain and cardiac muscle in the cardiac arrest patient and requires exact skills in order to increase survival rate. Through comparison of the training effects of feedback manikin and non-feedback manikin, this study present the effective CPR device to CPR instructors. Method: This CPR course for 80 students by using Resusci Anne $SkillReporter^{TM}$ (RASR; Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) and Actar 911 $Squadron^{TM}$ (A911; Vital Signs, New Jersey, USA) held on December 22, 2009. Thirty seven students and two assistants were placed in one laboratory, there were five RASR manikins which provide the LED performance indicator, not the metronome. Forty two students and two assistants were placed in the other laboratory, there were 20 A911 manikins which don't provide any feedback indicator. Chest compression scores and ventilation compression scores obtaining from two groups were analysed statistically by using independent t-test. Results: Chest compression scores, average depth (mm) was 37.5 in RASR and 41.80 A911 (p=.004), too depth (#) was 2.8 in RASR and 19.4 A911 (p=.005), average number per min (#/min) was 64.4 in RASR and 68.2 A911 (p=.038), wrong hand position (#/min) was 10.9 in RASR and 30.8 A911 (p=.040). Four items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Ventilation compression scores, percent correct (%) was 40.6 in RASR and 20.6 A911 (p<.001), number correct (#) was 4.7 in RASR and 2.1 A911 (p=.002), too fast (#) was 0.9 in RASR and 2.9 A911 (p=.003), average volume (ml) was 536.5 in RASR and 707.1 A911 (p=.011). Also, three items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of CPR training feedback, comparison between the real-time visual feedback manikin (RASR) and the non-feedback manikin (A911) showed that RASR had better results than A911 in chest compression except average number per min (it means that we need harder chest manikin) and ventilation. Verification of the training effect in the real world such as CPR outcomes is also necessary. A proper application of manikin in training circumstances and research on retention of CPR skills will be needed.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 건측 손의 운동에 따라 환측 손이 대칭적으로 운동하며 두 가지 운동이 가능한 대칭형 상지 운동기구를 개발하고 개발된 대칭형 상지운동 기구를 이용한 6주간의 훈련 후 상지운동 기능 평가인 Fugl-Meyer 검사를 실시하고 기능적 자기공명영상(fMRI)을 통한 뇌 활성화의 변화를 관찰하였다. 편마비 환자를 위하여 건측 손의 운동을 환측 손으로 전달하여 손목의 굴곡과 신전, 전완의 회내와 회외 운동을 유도하는 대칭형 상지 운동기구를 제작하고 제작한 기구의 운동효과를 검증하기 위하여 대뇌병변이나 정신분열증 경험이 없는 오른손잡이인 성인 3명을 대조군으로 선정하고 편마비 발생 후 2년 이상 경과하여 손상된 상지의 자발적 회복과정이 끝났고 제시된 과제 수행이 가능한 만성 편마비 환자 남성 3명을 환자군으로 선정하였다. 제작된 대칭형 상지 운동기구를 이용한 총 6주간의 훈련 후 측정된 Fugl-Meyer 검사에서 훈련에 참가한 모든 편마비 환자들의 상지 운동기능이 현저하게 향상되었다. 또한 만성 편마비 환자를 대상으로 하여 제작된 기구를 적용하여 뇌 활성화를 관찰하기 위해 영상 촬영을 진행하는 동안 모든 피검자들에게 대조군에게는 우세 손을 환자군에게는 건측 손만 손잡이를 잡고 손목의 굴곡/신전 운동(과제 1)을 하고, 양손 모두 손잡이를 잡은 채로 건측 손만을 움직여서 환측 손이 수동적으로 대칭 운동(과제 2)을 하는 두 가지 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 과제 1에서는 운동 전에 비해 대측 SMC의 활성 강도가 증가되고 동측 SMC는 감소하였다. 과제 2에서는 환자에 따라 운동 전에 다양한 영역에서 활성화되다가 운동 후 양측 SMC 및 SMA, PMA 영역 등의 이차 운동영역의 재조직화가 관찰하여 각 과제에 대한 운동 전후의 대뇌 피질의 재조직화가 손의 운동성 회복과 관련이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 만성편마비 환자에게 본 기구를 적용시켰을 때 물리 치료적 중재로 인한 운동기능 회복 향상과 손 운동에 대한 기능적 자기공명 영상을 비교함으로써 대뇌 피질의 재조직화를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1512-1523
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 남자 테니스 선수의 생맥산 섭취가 혈중 지질 및 동맥경화 지수에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 남자 대학 테니스 선수 17 명을 4 주간의 고강도 테니스 하계훈련 중 생맥산 섭취 여부에 따라 생맥산 섭취군(n=9)과 위약 대조군(n=8)으로 나누었다. 테니스 하계훈련은 4 주간 주 5 회 실시하였으며, 운동강도는 예비심박수의 70~90%로 실시하였다. 생맥산은 아침 식사 전, 운동 중, 운동 중, 운동 후 1 회 110ml, 저녁 식사 후 1 일 총 7 회 770ml 를 섭취하였다. 모든 데이터에 대해 평균 및 표준 편차를 사용하였으며, 시기간 및 생맥산 섭취그룹의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 반복측정분산분석법을 사용하였고, 생맥산 섭취 후 혈중 지질의 차이에 대한 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 Pearson 의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과, 생맥산 섭취군은 혈중 지질(중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤)과 동맥경화지수가 유의하게 개선되었으며, ∆TG, ∆LDL 및 ∆TC 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 결론적으로 남자 대학 테니스 선수의 고강도 트레이닝 시 생맥산 섭취는 혈중 지질 및 동맥경화 지수에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있어 운동 보조제로서 효과적인 스포츠 음료가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.17-28
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• 1994

인간의 두뇌는 분산 병렬 처리에 효과적이라는 사실에 근거하여 인공 신경망이론이 개발되었으며, 과학의 여러 분야에서 성공적으로 적용되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공 신경망 이론의 학습방법 중 하나인 오차 역전파 학습 알고리즘을 모형 말뚝의 극한지지력 예측에 적용하여, 이 이론이 말뚝의 극한지지력의 합리적인 산정방법으로 적용될 수 있는지의 가능성을 검토하였다. 이러한 시스템의 타당성 검토를 위하여 총 28개의 모형 말뚝재하시헙 결과를 이용하였으며, 그 중에서 9, 14, 21개의 자료를 네트워크 학습에 이용하여 나머지 자료의 예측 가능 정도를 분석하여 보았다. 개발된 시스템은 14개 이상의 학습자료에 대하여 모형 말뚝재하시험의 결과와 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 이와같은 결과들을 종합하여 보건데 신경망 이론이 말뚝의 극한지지력 예측 문제에 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.3897-3903
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• 2011

본 연구는 2009년 3월부터 2010년 2월까지 S시 M동에 위치한 A청각장애특수학교 학생 39명(실험군 25명, 대조군 14명)을 대상으로 뉴로피드백 훈련이 청각장애학생들의 정서적 성향에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 뇌파측정을 하였으며 뇌파 정보를 토대로 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용하여 훈련 전과 후의 뇌 기능 변화 결과를 분석하였다. 뇌파측정 결과 가장 낮은 점수를 훈련 모드로 채택하여 A학교 훈련실에서 일주일에 2회 실시하였으며, 1회당 훈련 시 간은 40분간, 방학을 제외한 9개월 정도를 실시하였다. 정서적, 심리적 반응 측정을 위한 도구는 POMS(Profile of M ood State) 기분상태 설문지를 사용하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 주의지수(좌 우), 항스트레스 지수(좌 우)가 통계적으로 유의 하였다. 둘째, 청각장애 학생들의 기분상태 설문지가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 청각장애학생 들의 정서적 성향에 뉴로피드백 훈련이 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 검증되었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2022

Purpose : This study is aimed to develop and validate the clinical practice education program and clinical competence scale of occupational therapy student. Methods : The development of the clinical practice education program used the delphi technique method, which had a total of five steps. Based on the occupational therapist's job analysis, the first stage assessed the importance of 21 experts, and the second stage examined the importance of 19 new specialists to derive constitutive factors. In the third stage, in-depth interviews were conducted with three experts based on the derived factors, and in the fourth stage, the final clinical practice education program was derived. In the final stage, the details of the clinical training program were drawn up based on the themes and were reviewed by two experts. Structured and unstructured interviews were conducted with 43 job experts. Results : The expert survey through the delphi technique was conducted three times, and content analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to examine the distribution of responses. The final 11 educational program topics and contents were derived. Topics are confirmation of client information, evaluation and intervention, cognitive therapy, spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal disorders, pediatric occupational therapy, interventions in activities of daily living, driving rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, occupational therapy assessment tool, safety training and management. Conclusion : The clinical practice education program reduce the difference between school education and clinical education of occupational therapy student. Occupational therapy helps college student understand occupational therapy practices and improve the quality of clinical education. Through more research and supplementation of clinical practice education programs in the future, it is suggested that clinical practice education be successfully operated in various practice institutions and used as basic data for designing and evaluating useful educational models.