• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.161-175
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• 2022

Oscillatory magnetic fields produced in the brain due to neuronal activity can be measured by the sensor. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive technique to record such neuronal activity due to excellent temporal and fair amount of spatial resolution, which gives information about the brain's functional activity. Potential utilization of high spatial resolution in MEG is likely to provide information related to in-depth brain functioning and underlying factors responsible for changes in neuronal waves in some diseases under resting state or task state. This review is a comprehensive report to introduce statistical models from MEG data including graphical network modelling. It is also meaningful to note that statisticians should play an important role in the brain science field.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.450-452
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• 2004

Every movement, perception and thought we perform is associated with distinct neural activation patterns. Neurons in the brain communicate with each other by sending electrical impulses that produce currents. These currents give rise to electrical fields that can be measured outside the head. It shows some variation on the electroencephalographic signals. In recent devices, the EEG signals measured from head surface are a sum of all the momentary brain activation. With these EEG signals, it is difficult to distinguish the patterns correlated with a certain event from the signals. However, the system must discriminate some patterns with some events especially for any kind of device as a brain control interface system. In this experiment, the sensory-motor cortex of humans has been extensively studied. Activation related to several movements on both sides of the sensory-motor cortices in imaginary. The activation patterns during imagination of several movements resemble the activation patterns during preparation of movements. The result represents the system based on the optimal filters discriminated at least 60% of mental imageries.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2004

The study is one of fundamental researches for the development of future smart clothing and textile products with blocking properties from electromagnetic waves by analyzing human physical symptoms in using electromagnetic products in such an environments. Among various textiles in the experiment, nano silver has shown the best blocking performance from electromagnetic waves, which decreases depending on the distance. The power spectrum distribution and the incidence of electroencephalogram between blocking materials and aural stimuli has shown that, ${\beta}$, wave appeared to be active in all channels except for $T_4$, whereas all waves appeared with processed materials and especially with nano silver silk(NSS), ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\theta}$, ${\gamma}$ waves appeared active in all regions. As for the brain mapping of ${\alpha}$ wave according to time, there found a strong activity in $P_3$, $P_4$ of the parietal lobe, with all materials on all time regions. With silk nylon metal(SNM) and NSS, it appeared strong in $F_3$, $F_4$ as well. As for ${\beta}$, wave, the activity appeared strong in frontal lobe before 7min. 30sec, where it tends to diminish abruptly in 7min. 30sec. to 13min. 30sec. region. After 13min., it regained gradually. With NSS, it appeared strong in all areas except for the farthest $T_4$. The appearance of ${\nu}$ wave can be deduced as it can affect human body with its toxic property while the silver particles become nano-sized. Therefore, the study conducted with human participants requires a proper particle size of it which would not penetrate cellular tissues and a proper binder and binding treatment for it, to prevent the physical fatigues and the potential diseases. However, it is highly required for back-up researches to verify various aspects in applying nano silver to textile products.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Background: Triphasic waves are one of the electroencephalographic patterns that can be usually seen in metabolic encephalopathy. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and electrophysiologic profiles between patients with and without triphasic waves in metabolic encephalopathy, and reassess the significance of triphasic waves in metabolic encephalopathy. Methods: We recruited 127 patients with metabolic encephalopathy, who were admitted to our hospital. We divided these admitted patients into two groups; those with and without triphasic waves. We analyzed the difference of duration of hospitalization, mortality rate during admission, Glasgow Coma Scale, severity of electroencephalographic alteration, and presence of acute symptomatic seizures between these two groups. Results: Of the 127 patients with metabolic encephalopathy, we excluded 67 patients who did not have EEG, and 60 patients finally met the inclusion criteria for this study. Patients with triphasic waves had more severe electroencephalographic alterations, lower Glasgow Coma Scale, and more acute symptomatic seizures than those without triphasic waves. After adjusting the clinical variables, Glasgow Coma Scale and acute symptomatic seizures were only significantly different between patients with and without triphasic waves. Conclusions: We demonstrated that patients with triphasic waves in metabolic encephalopathy had more significant impairment of the brain function.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.654-660
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• 2020

Through the output of brain waves during muscle operation, this paper checks whether it is possible to find characteristic vectors of brain waves that are capable of dividing left and right movements by extracting brain waves in specific areas of muscle signal output that include the motion of the left and right muscles or the will of the user within EEG signals, where uncertainties exist considerably. A typical surface EMG and noninvasive brain wave extraction method does not exist to distinguish whether the signal is a motion through the degree of ionization by internal neurotransmitter and the magnitude of electrical conductivity. In the case of joint and motor control through normal robot control systems or electrical signals, signals that can be controlled by the transmission and feedback control of specific signals can be identified. However, the human body lacks evidence to find the exact protocols between the brain and the muscles. Therefore, in this paper, efficiency is verified by utilizing the results of application of CSP (Common Spatial Pattern) filter to verify that the left-hand and right-hand signals can be extracted through brainwave analysis when the subject's behavior is performed. In addition, we propose ways to obtain data through experimental design for verification, to verify the change in results with or without filter application, and to increase the accuracy of the classification.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.482-492
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• 2019

This study began with the assumption that the phonetics-centered interpretation of 100 Chinese characters would enhance thinking ability and comprehension. For this purpose, two experimental groups and a comparative group were recruited from the graduate students from June 3, 2017 to February 22, 2018. The experimental group participated in the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture for 4 hours per week for 6 weeks for a total of 24 hours. QEEG were measured before and after the phonetics-centered Chinese character lecture. A total of 18 subjects ( nine subjects in the experimental group and nine comparative subjects) were included in the study, and the difference between before and after the QEEG of the experimental and comparative groups was analyzed, respectively. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows. First, the Chinese character lecture changed brain waves. Second, the LORETA analysis before and after the lecture in the experimental group significantly decreased the delta wave in the brain region (Broadmann 40) associated with the meaning of language and phonology. This study result is meaningful because it shows the significant changes of EEG via the lecture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5096-5110
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of brain wave change through therapeutic recreation programs on depression, sleep disturbance and quality of life among elderly with dementia. The subjects of this quasi-experimental study consisted of two groups, one experimental group (N=14) and one control group (N=18), after excluding 8 participants from a total of 40 participants. The subjects of experimental group were randomly selected from the elderly (order than 65 years old) of senior care center in Daejoen and participated in 3-month therapeutic recreation program. On the other hand, the subjects of control group did not participated in any therapeutic recreation program. Each group's pre-post brain wave change, depression, sleep disturbance and quality of life were estimated. Through ANCOVA and Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling with SPSS window 17.0 and AMOS 7.0, this study found followings. Frist, the therapeutic recreation program group indicated significant improvement of brain waves, sleep disturbance and quality of Life. In addition, depression was significantly reduced in the therapeutic recreation program group. Second, significant causal relationships was found among brain waves, depression, sleep disturbance, and Quality of Life.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

This study of a music therapy program for the 18 subjects residing in Jeollanam-do province was conducted two times per week during 4 months totalling 17 times in order to evaluate the reduction of the characteristics of patients suffering from stress disorder patients such as depression, and anxiety, Though the experiment for non-symmetric level the concentration and appearance of Alpha wave were determine to be stable but the findings from non-symmetric level according to the left-right brain activity were not significant for T-test, though its effective intermission of music therapy due to variation of the mean values was demonstrated, and the variation of the Alpha wave appearance rate was also significant for the statistics of the T-test for the effectiveness of the music therapy. And for the reduction of depression, emotion, and state-trait anxiety between groups divided into the control group and the experiment, pre-measurement and post-measurement comparisons through psychological tess, validated the effectiveness of music therapy for Posttraumatic stress disorder patients. First of all, this study was conducted in the situation of scarce study cases and program developments for the efficacy of music therapy for the patients suffering from Posttraumatic stress disorders without precedent studies of scientific identification through brain wave measurement. Because this study is insightful in the context of validating the efficacy of musical treatment, we expect that these kinds of studises will be continued.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.509-522
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• 2009

This study aims to identify the effects of math education for the aged as part of active measures to the aging society with its growing elderly population which is one of the greatest changes in our society. Developing and disseminating materials of silver math with a role as a program for intelligent needs and physical and spiritual health of the aged presents evidence for development of more systemic and scientific method at this point of time when the importance of education of the aged increases to help the old enjoy qualitatively successful lives in later years in the perspective of lifelong education. The effectiveness of 'Silver Math' are explored by applying developed materials to the aged. Also, the influence of mathematical activities of learners capable of computing basic numbers on improvement of cognitive power are identified. Finally, the impact of 'Silver Math' on interaction with younger generations or communications is raised and the influence on brain activities is analyzed through examination of brain waves.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study verified the physiological and psychological effects of plant fragrance therapy to analyze whether the therapy has a forest healing effect on maladjusted soldiers. Methods: This study was conducted from March 14 to May 31, 2020 according to the Green Camp curriculum for 2 weeks per recruit class. Thus, plant fragrance therapy was implemented twice each for three recruit classes. Each session of the program was carried out for 4 hours from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The venue was the garden within the camp and the forest nearby. Forest healing activities using plant fragrances were led by 1 forest education specialist and 1 assistant. The effects of plant fragrance therapy for maladjusted soldiers were analzed analyzed by quantifying physiological and psychological changes through measuring brain waves and stress levels before and after the therapy. Results: As a result of analyzing BRQ and SQ to determine the physiological and psychological healing effect of plant fragrance therapy, both the left and right brain showed higher BRQ and SQ after the therapy with statistical significance. This indicates that plant fragrance therapy on maladjusted soldiers helped positively stabilize their negative psychological and behavioral dispositions, and stabilization of brain waves lowered physical and mental stress and improved self-regulation and immunity. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in ATO. This is the result of analyzing the stress-coping mechanism. Troubleshooting (t = -2.702, df = 61, p = .009), emotional remission (t = -2.173, df = 61, p = .034), pursuit of help (t = -3.286), df = 61, p = .002), and wishful thinking (t = -3.714, df = 61, p < .001) showed statistically significant results. Conclusion: Applying plant fragrance therapy to maladjusted soldiers positively stabilized their negative psychological and behavioral dispositions and helped their self-regulation. Thus, plant fragrance therapy has psychological and physical forest healing effect on maladjusted soldiers.