• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

In spite of abundant clinical resources of stroke patients, the objective and logical data analyses or diagnostic systems were not established in oriental medicine. As a part of researches for standardization and objectification of differentiation of syndromes for stroke, in this present study, we tried to develop the statistical diagnostic tool discriminating the 4 subtypes of syndrome differentiation using the essential indices considering the sex. Discriminant analysis was carried out using clinical data collected from 1,448 stroke patients who was identically diagnosed for the syndrome differentiation subtypes diagnosed by two clinical experts with more than 3 year experiences. Empirical discriminant model(V) for different sex was constructed using 61 significant symptoms and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. We comparison. We make comparison a between discriminant model(V) and discriminant model(IV) using 33 significant symptoms and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. Development of statistical diagnostic tool discriminating 4 subtypes by sex : The discriminant model with the 24 significant indices in women and the 19 significant indices in men was developed for discriminating the 4 subtypes of syndrome differentiation including phlegm-dampness, qi-deficiency, yin-deficiency and fire-heat. Diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of syndrome differentiation by sex : The overall diagnostic accuracy and prediction rate of 4 syndrome differentiation subtypes using 24 symptom and sign indices was 74.63%(403/540) and 68.46%(89/130) in women, 19 symptom and sign indices was 72.05%(446/619) and 70.44%(112/159) in men. These results are almost same as those of that the overall diagnostic accuracy(73.68%) and prediction rate(70.59%) are analyzed by the discriminant model(IV) using 33 symptom and sign indices selected by stepwise selection. Considering sex, the statistical discriminant model(V) with significant 24 symptom and sign indices in women and 19 symptom and sign indices in men, instead of 33 indices would be used in the field of oriental medicine contributing to the objectification of syndrome differentiation with parsimony rule.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.622-634
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and altered food preferences of stroke patients. One hundred and forty-six outpatients, who had experienced their first-ever stroke and were admitted to Asan Medical Center between July and December 2000, were studied. Using interviews, we assessed the altered food preferences, food consumption frequency, and other factors influencing the food preferences and food consumption frequency of the subjects. These results were analyzed with 2 t-tests, and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS package program. Preferences for pork, red fish, coffee, bread and stews were higher in male stroke patients than in females. The frequency of consumption of beef, pork, white fish, red fish, egg, garlic, onion, coffee, instant noodles, bread, and culinary vegetables increased in the male stroke patients more than in the females. Food preferences were influenced by income, risk factors, subjective tastes and location of brain ischemic lesions. Food consumption frequency was affected by food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the frequency of consumption of white fish, red fish, eggs, soy milk, milk, garlic, onions, coffee, noodles, bread, bean-paste stew, kimchi, culinary vegetables, and greasy foods were the most affected by each food preference. Our results suggest that food consumption frequency may vary with food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia, and nutrition education should be formulated to prevent stroke recurrence based on the food preferences, subjective tastes, and risk factors of individual stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 2-week somatosensory stimulation program on cognitive function and ADL of patients with brain damage. Methods: The sample consisted of two groups of patients with stroke: 10 patients with a mean age of 59.0 years who were treated with somatosensory stimulation, and 9 patients with a mean age of 51.78 years, who were not treated with somatosensory intervention. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used to assess the functional recovery after stroke. Instruments used in this study were MMSE-K for cognitive function and FIM for ADL. Results: The hypothesis 1 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher MMSE-K score than that of the non-treatment group" was supported(Z = -2.390, p = .017). The hypothesis 2 that "Patients with stroke who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher FIM score than that of the non-treatment group", however, was partially supported(social cognition: Z = -2.204, p = .045). Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation was effective to patients with stroke in improving their cognitive function. These findings suggest that somatosensory input can be adopted to nursing intervention for functional recovery after stroke.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

There are a great numbers of disabled individuals who cannot freely move or control specific parts of their body because of serious neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and so on. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can help them to drive and control external devices using only their brain activity, without the need for physical body movements. Over the past 30 years, several Bel research programs have arisen and tried to develop new communication and control technology for those who are completely paralyzed. Thanks to the rapid development of computer science and neuroimaging technology, new understandings of brain functions, and most importantly many researchers' efforts, Bel is now becoming 'practical' to some extent. The present review article summarizes the current state of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Bel, which have been being studied most widely, with specific emphasis on its basic concepts, system developments, and prospects for the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.362-366
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• 2017

Vascular compromise is a well-known consequence of brain herniation syndromes. Transtentorial brain herniation most often involves posterior cerebral arteries. However, isolated involvement of contralateral superior cerebellar artery (SCA) during unilateral impending brain herniation is reported only once and we present another case of this exceedingly rare entity. A 24-year-old man was referred to us with impending herniation due to a multiloculated hydrocephalus, and during the course of illness, he developed an isolated SCA ischemia in the opposite side of the most dilated entrapped horn. In the current article we discuss the probable pathophysiologic mechanisms of this phenomenon, as well as recommending more inclusive brain studies in cases suspected of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon in unilateral brain herniation. The rationale for this commentary is that contralateral SCA transient ischemia or infarct might be the underdiagnosed underlying pathomechanism of ipsilateral hemiparesis occurring in many cases of this somehow vague phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2329-2337
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• 2013

This study was done objected to the chronic stroke patients in order to evaluate change in brain wave activity and cognitive performance when Neurofeedback training. The subjects were over 6 months ago in chronic stroke patients screened-test through the 20 patients, 10 persons in each group were randomly placed. This was carried out in 4 weeks in total, with control group(n=10) on general physical therapy and experimental group(n=10) on general physical therapy along with Neurofeedback training. The general physical therapy was applied 5 times a week, 30 minutes at once, Neurofeedback training was applied as equally as the general physical therapy, which makes 20 times in total. To learn about the effect before the training, after training, and 2 weeks after the training in electric physiological measurement method of the brain, electroencephalogram(EEG) to examine challenges by calculating the absolute spectrum power for standard EEG change(%), followed by evaluation with clinical assessment tool MMSE-K, Stroop Test, Digit Span Test. As a result of comparing the change in brain wave through EEG, after training and 2 weeks after training showed that absolute ${\alpha}$-power and absolute ${\beta}$-SMR power of experimental group have increased and absolute ${\theta}$-power decreased significantly compared to experimental group I. Moreover, the MMSE-K score in trial appraisal has increased significantly, and the error in Stroop Test and Digit Span Test has decreased significantly. such results, with the chronic stroke patient's brain wave control, Neurofeedback training was determined to improve the cognitive performance. this study suggests a new training possibility of stroke patients by identifying the training effects of Neurofeedback training that trains the brain directly with brain wave control.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

Stroke patients often develop post stroke sequelae when they survive. Post stroke fatigue and emotional disturbances including depression are common along with motor dysfunction. However, medical personnel have paid relatively little attention to emotional changes and the presence of fatigue following strokes. Post-stroke fatigue was common, occurring in 57% of the patients in our series. The post-stroke fatigue appears to be related to the pre-stroke fatigue, physical disability and post stroke depression (PSD) although the relation to the lesion location remains elusive. The prevalence of post-stroke emotional disturbance has been reported to range from 12% to 64%. The wide variation in the frequency of post stroke depression may be related to methodological heterogeneity in items such as the criteria for depression, the timing of assessment, and the study population. Emotional incontinence, which is characterized by inappropriate or excessive laughing or crying is also common. The incidence of and factor related to this post-stroke emotional incontinence (PSEI) also remains unclear. We reported that out-patients with single, unilateral stroke, 18% had PSD and 34% had PSEI. Although both PSD and PSEI were related to motor dysfunction and location (anterior vs. posterior cortex) of the lesion, the latter was a stronger determinant for PSD. PSEI was more closely associated with subcortical strokes than was PSD. Another manifestation of post stroke patients is the occurrence of post stroke anger proneness (PSAP). They may become easily irritated, impulsive, less generous, and prone to be angry or aggressive at others. We also have reported the PSAP which seems to be closely associated with the presence of PSEI. The lesion distribution appears to be also similar. Both PSEI and PSAP respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitors suggesting that these symptomsmay be possibly related to the alteration of serotonin after brain injury. Likewise, PSAP also produces a great deal of frustration and embarrassment among patients and caregivers. In summary, emotional disturbances such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger-proneness and fatigue are fairly common but under-recognized sequelae of stroke. These emotional disturbances decrease the quality of life of the patients and caregivers, and may adversely affect the overall prognosis. Therefore, these problems must be appropriately recognized and alleviated. Finding strategies to relieve the symptoms is imperative by understanding the causative factors in individual patient.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2006

The MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) syndrome is one of the inherited mitochondrial disorder. We have experienced a 16-year-old girl with headaches and left hemianopsia. Diagnosis of MELAS syndrome with multiple brain parenchymal lesions was confirmed by gene study. The stroke-like lesion of MELAS syndrome showed significant improvement in radiological follow up study. Therefore, MRI findings in MELAS could be interpreted as metabolic cellular dysfunction rather than ischemic vasculopathy.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.111-116
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• 2024

These days, the number of patients committing suicide due to depression and stress is rapidly increasing. In addition, if stress and depression persist for a long time, it can cause heart disease, brain disease, and high blood pressure. Arteriosclerosis, known as the main cause of cerebrovascular disease, is a dangerous disease in which cholesterol accumulates in blood vessels, narrowing them. However, no matter how much modern medicine has developed, stroke patients are in a very difficult situation with no special medicine or treatment. In this paper, to solve these problems, we proposed a smart electronic acupuncture device that treats patients' diseases based on electronic acupuncture. In addition, an algorithm for predicting the risk of health status of stroke patients and a posture recognition algorithm were proposed and a computer simulation experiment was performed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-162
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• 2020

Cerebral ischemia exhibits a multiplicity of pathophysiological mechanisms. During ischemic stroke, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration rises to a peak during reperfusion, possibly underlying neuronal death. Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) supplementation is one method of treating neurodegenerative disease by reducing the generation of ROS. We investigated the therapeutic effect of PEGylated EPO (P-EPO) on ischemic stroke. Mice were administered P-EPO (5,000 U/kg) via intravenous injection, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion was performed to induce in vivo ischemic stroke. P-EPO ameliorated MCAO-induced neurological deficit and reduced behavioral disorder and the infarct area. Moreover, lipid peroxidation, expression of inflammatory proteins (cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase), and cytokine levels in blood were reduced by the P-EPO treatment. In addition, higher activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was found in the brain after MCAO, but NF-κB activation was reduced in the P-EPO-injected group. Treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor PS-1145 (5 mg/kg) abolished the P-EPO-induced reduction of infarct volume, neuronal death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, P-EPO was more effective than EPO (5,000 U/kg) and similar to a tissue plasminogen activator (10 mg/kg). An in vitro study revealed that P-EPO (25, 50, and 100 U/mL) treatment protected against rotenone (100 nM)-induced neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activity. These results indicate that the administration of P-EPO exerted neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia damage through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-κB activation.