• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2017

The goal of marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) is to significantly reduce the number of breeding generations required by using genome-based molecular markers to select for a particular trait; however, MAB systems have only been developed for a few vegetable crops to date. Among the types of molecular markers, SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) are primarily used in the analysis of genetic diversity due to their abundance throughout most genomes. To develop a MAB system in Chinese cabbage, a high-throughput (HT) marker system was used, based on a previously developed set of 468 SNP probes (BraMAB1, Brassica Marker Assisted Backcrossing SNP 1). We selected a broad-spectrum TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus) resistance (trs) Chinese cabbage line (SB22) as a donor plant, constructing a $BC_1F_1$ population by crossing it with the TuMV-susceptible 12mo-682-1 elite line. Foreground selection was performed using the previously developed trsSCAR marker. Background selection was performed using 119 SNP markers that showed clear polymorphism between donor and recipient plants. The background genome recovery rate (% recurrent parent genome recovery; RPG) was good, with three of 75 $BC_1F_1$ plants showing a high RPG rate of over 80%. The background genotyping result and the phenotypic similarity between the recurrent parent and $BC_1F_1$ showed a correlation. The plant with the highest RPG recovery rate was backcrossed to construct the $BC_2F_1$ population. Foreground selection and background selection were performed using 169 $BC_2F_1$ plants. This study shows that, using MAB, we can recover over 90% of the background genome in only two generations, highlighting the MAB system using HT markers as a highly efficient Brassica rapa backcross breeding system. This is the first report of the application of a SNP marker set to the background selection of Chinese cabbage using HT SNP genotyping technology.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.189-206
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• 2016

A breast model was for the human body was devised by studying a body scan and human body index of a desirable breast type. Thus, when manufacturing various 3D models, these results can accordingly become a fundamental basis for realizing a desirable breast model. This study aims to provide a basic data for designing the cup patterns of brassieres in order to improve the function and wearing comfort. The comfort of three kinds of brassieres were compared: one manufactured by the actual measured size; another manufactured as per the ratio of desirable upper and lower breast lengths; and the third manufactured by the 3D model attained by the desirable human body ratio. In this study, we suggest a process for realizing the desirable breast model using the ratio of bust breadth and waist front length, which are the components for deciding the appropriate position and size of breast, and which are easy to measure. The ideal breast shape is an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the nipple with the center of the clavicle. After deciding the interval between the nipples, this value can be used to configure the locations of nipples by drawing a tangent, with equal length, from the anterior neck point (which is the center of clavicle) to the nipple. Also, since inside points of breast do not exist, the outer point of breast, upper point of breast, and below point of breast on the same plane, and the depths from the nipple point to the respective points, are applied to simulate a 3D image, by modifications along the x, y, and z axes. Depending on the type of breast, the length from the center of shoulder to the nipple, the diameter of breast, upper length of breast, and the position of nipple, are different. In conical or protruding breast, the wearing sensation is better when the nipple point of brassiere was lifted, by modifying the upper and lower lengths of breast. Considering the wearing sensation and function of a brassiere, it was better to leave the wearer's size as it is and use a pad within the same cup, rather than increase the basal area of the breast in order to increase the volume.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Recently, the MZ generation has been leading overall fashion trends, and fashion companies focus on design, marketing, and new products targeting the MZ generation. However, it is expected that a fit problem may occur if the M and Z generations are combined when producing clothing. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differences between the two groups by comparing the body size according to the classification of the M and Z generations. In addition, this study analyzes whether the body shape of the MZ generation is different from the past generations and analyzes major changes in body size for clothing manufacturing through graphical visualization. As for the research method, a t-test was conducted to verify the significant difference between the measurements for each age group. Generation M was defined as those who are 27-39 years old, and Generation Z was defined as those who are 20-26 years old. In order to examine the changes in body measurements according to the measurement year, the 7th Size Korea and 8th Size Korea data were analyzed. In order to examine the visual changes according to the measurement year and age group, major measurements of clothing construction were analyzed. As a result, it was found that Generation M had a significantly higher height item than Generation Z. Also, in terms of circumference, width, and thickness, Generation M was larger than Generation Z. But the size of the bra cup was larger in Generation Z than Generation M. As a result of analyzing the body size changes, in the height item, the 8th Size Korea measurements were found to be significantly higher in shoulder height and navel level waist height. In the length and circumference items, the 8th Size Korea measurements were larger than the 7th. In the width, thickness, and other items, the 8th measurements were larger than the 7th.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권1호통권93호
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• pp.30-44
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• 2001

수자원관리에 중요한 육수학적 정보를 제공하기 위해 1993년 6월에서 1994년 5월까지 주암호에 대하여 월간 조사를 실시하였다. 표층의 투명도, 엽록소 a, 총질소, 총 인농도 및 일차생산력은 조사기간 각각 1.7${\sim}$4.5 m, 0.9${\sim}$12.5 mgChl/m$^{3}$, 0.53${\sim}$1.48 mgN/l, 6${\sim}$29 mgP/m$^{3}$, 304${\sim}$2,549mgCm$^{-2}$day$^{-1}$로 이들의 하계 평균농도로 산정한 주암호의 영양상태는 중영양호로 해당된다. 유역으로부터의 인 유입은 집중호우시에 다량 유입되기 때문에 총인 농도도 하계에 높고 동계에 낮다. 주암호의 연간 수면적당 인부하량은 0.94gPm$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$로 부영양화 임계부하량(1.0gPm$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$)에 거의 근접하고 있다. 주암호에서 식물플랑크톤에 대한 제한영양소 조사결과 인과 질소가 동시에 성장을 제한하는 요소로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤군집의 계절별 천이양상은 온대호수의 일반적 경향과 같이 동계에 춘계에는 규조류(Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima)가 우점하였고, 하계에는 남조류(Microcystis aeruginosa, M. sp., M. viridis)가 우점하였다. 동물플랑크톤은 요각류 유생이 연중 우점하였고 8월에는 요각류 유생 이외에 지각류인 Bosminopsis longirostris가 각각 우점하였다. 조사기간 주암호 퇴적물의 조사 정점별 유기탄소 및 인, 질소의 평균 함량은 각각 9.5${\sim}$14.0 mgC/g, 1.0${\sim}$1.82mgP/g, 0.51${\sim}$0.65mgN/g의 분포를 보여주었다. 주암호 유역으로부터의 유기물 유입량은 1,222 tonC/yr이며 식물플랑크톤의 일차생산에 의한 자체생성유기물량은 6,718 ton/yr으로 전체 유기물부하량중 자체생성 유기물 비율이 대부분을 차지했다. 주암호의 부영양화를 방지하기 위해 앞으로의 유역관리는 점오염원의 관리와 더불어 비료사용량의 축소, 축산분뇨의 적절한 처리, 토양유실방지등 유역의 비점오염원에 대한 관리에 더욱 집중해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.358-363
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 자두류 중 피자두를 생육시기별로 채취하여 총 8종에 대한 일반성분 및 총 페놀성 화합물, 축합형 탄닌 함량을 조사하였으며, DPPH 자유 라디칼 소거능과 linoleic acid에 대한 항산화 효과를 살펴보았다. 피자두 과육의 수분함량 및 아세톤추출물의 조회분, 조단백, 조지방 함량을 분석한 결과, 시료 1, 5, 8번은 각각 수분 88.52$\%$, 87.01$\%$, 83.56$\%$, 조분 7.12$\%$, 3.35$\%$, 3.57$\%$, 그리고 조단백7.52$\%$, 5.55$\%$, 3.85$\%$, 및 조지방 3.20$\%$, 0.99$\%$, 5.l5$\%$로 나타났다. 또한 피자두 아세톤 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 시료 1, 5, 8번이 각각 10.67$\%$, 4.05$\%$, 2.57$\%$로 나타났으며, 축합형 탄닌 함량은 각각 8.36$\%$, 3.11$\%$, 1.88$\%$로 나타났다. 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위해 DPPH free radical의 소거활성법을 측정한 결과, 피자두 추출물 1과 2의 RC$_{50}$값이 각각 2.23과 9.70 $\mu$g/mL로 가장 높은 소거활성을 보였으며 피자두가완숙될수록 소거활성은 점차적으로 감소하였다. Linoleicacid를 기질로 한 피자두 추출물의 산화방지 효과를 FTC 법과 TBA 법으로 측정한 결과, 초기 지질산화를 나타내는FTC 가에서는 피자두의 미숙과 추출물 처리구의 경우 85$\%$ 이상의 산화 억제율을 보였고, 후기 지질산화에 관여하는TBA 가는 미숙과 추출물에서 85% 이상의 산화 억제율을보였으나 피자두가 완숙될수록 산화 억제율은 감소하였다.

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.325-341
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• 1997

One of the noticeable trends of female wear in 1990s is the Outwearization of Underwear as it is called 'Lingerie look' This trend meaned 'Exposure Fashion' raised splendidly its head to the whole stage of fashion destrying the tradional concept having divided the fashion between outwear and underwear by Madonna an Americal populer singer showed up in front of the audience wearing the corset-dress as a stage custome. This corset-dress which can not be recognised whether it is underwear or outwear has been diffused into the mass as a fashionable trend re-gardless of any reason; therefore discrimi-nation of wear by space by far that is underwear should have the sstandard telling between private and public sector has been gradually tumbled. By the way what has propelled desigers to introduce the style continuously having the underwear motive such as outwear almost as same as underwear or underwear worn on out-wear etc. and has made it a fashion trends? How do we accept this "Ligerie look'fashion" The rearch on vogue of outwearization of underwear started by the questions above can be summarized as the followings The division between the sprit and the ma-terial-economic shrinkage by the collapse of the bubble economy in the late of 20 century and expectation for the next century doubt by changes of international politics dynamics for the next century and increasement of psycho-logical tention by the environmental destruc-tion etc, has been extended to break the sense of value down These frustration of the tra-ditional values and dissatisfaction on the pres-ent have reflected on the fashion pursuing some more sensational style to increase the ex-posure of the body. The revolution of wearing bouncing the con-servatismhas outwardly expressed underwear of the private sector. Therefore the spatial concept of wear which for the public sec-tor has been fallen into pieces and has broken the wall of the concept fixed by outwear on underwear. in addition the stage costome for the popular people like Madonna has not been limited by the specularity any more and has been assimilated with the normal wear on the street to take the distinction for away. The circumstances of the late of 20 century pursuing sensation and making sex commer-cialized have accordance with the outweari-zation of underwear. there it is on the basis of Minimalist's dogmatism has been expressed the maximization of expoure in the pubric space to popularize bra pants(knickers) as outwear. The reaction on the attribute of hiding and shanding has brought 'See-Through fashion' with the transparent materials, The contemporary doubt recalling the mem-ory of the past has sublimated corset which was an instument of toture for women into Romanticism to introduce it to fashion with the development of a new material not to be a tool of any oppression and maltretment any longer. The popularization of outwear like underwear what's more has brought high quality of underwear. There it has called for the variety of materials such as knit demin and velvet etc, and has urged the famous designers to enlarge their working boundaries to underwear designs, Besides outwearization of underwear has been popular even in the Orient which has the con-servative opinions on exposure ; so changes of the thoughts can be seen among the establish-ment generation on exposure of the body. As the more high tech information publi-cized and the more technology and media digitalized the more expression being analog the pursue for the new in fashion with vision never been seen and even though it is imprac-tical the experimental designers have drived the freedom beyond the traditional roles of the previous century. Consequently outwearization of underwear may be viewd as a trial as an expression responded the contemporary background. This trend in my opinion will have been lasted for a while by being proliperlated among lasted for a while by being proliperlated among the pub-lic who has the century-end anxiety and doubt and expectation for the next century.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess bra in activation and difference by LI11 or ST36 acupuncture stimulation using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods: A total of 10 healthy right-handed volunteers were studied. LI11 acupuncture and ST36 acupuncture stimulations were applied in order on the left. The block design paradigm of RARARA was used for the task, with R representing rest and A representing stimulation, and each period lasted 30 seconds. fMRI data were analyzed using SPM2. Results: The left LI11 acupuncture stimulation activated both sides of the inferior parietal lobule, the left side of the extra-nuclear, culmen and inferior semi-lunar lobules. On the right side, the nodule and midbrain regions were activated by the left LI11 acupuncture stimulation. The left ST36 acupuncture stimulation activated the right side of the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior semi-lunar lobule and pyramis. On the left side, the sub-gyral, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, extra-nuclear, cingulate gyrus and fastigium regions were activated by the left ST36 acupuncture stimulation. Besides, both sides of the paracentral lobule, inferior parietal lobule, culmen, cerebellar tonsil and midbrain regions were activated. Conclusions: In conclusion, brain signal activation patterns according to acupoints were observed to differ, and ST36 acupuncture stimulation activated more regions than LI11. It is supposed that LI11 and ST36 acupuncture stimulations have an influence on motor function and sensory aphasia, and these stimulations thus represent potential for ocular motor dysfunction, discriminative touch or position sense disorder. Moreover, ST36 acupuncture stimulation activated the cingulate gyrus of the limbic system, so it seems to have an influence over autonomic functions.