• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.650-659
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• 2021

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Chinese gooseberry (kiwi)-based products on the improvement of intestinal function and constipation. In this study, 21 participants with no underlying disease and complaining of subjective constipation symptoms were selected. Through a pre-experimental design, the main effects, including the colon stagnation score and colon transit time, were assessed after the consumption of Chinese gooseberry (kiwi)-based products. To evaluate the side effects of this product, a subjective constipation assessment test was performed to analyze the degree of constipation improvement at an individual level. The results for the main effects revealed that the number of constipation groups was statistically significantly decreased, and the colon stagnation score and colon transit time were also reduced. Additionally, the participants' subjective constipation assessment test revealed a significant improvement in both intestinal function and bowel activity before and after the consumption of Chinese gooseberry (kiwi)-based products. Similar to the previously known kelp-, lactobacillus-, and fiber-based products, we showed that Chinese gooseberry (kiwi)-based products exert a significant effect on the improvement of the intestinal function and constipation. Furthermore, the results of this study provide valuable information for the development of healthy food products in the future that can help improve bowel movement. Moreover, Chinese gooseberry (kiwi) used in this study is not a functional food and is easily accessible. However, this study has several limitations as it is based on a pre-experimental design. Therefore, studies on randomized experimental and control groups are needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.208-219
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• 2015

Objectives: According to preceding studies, many people with mental disability have unbalanced dietary habits or excessive intake of calories. Most of them are overweight or obese due to lack of self-control for food consumption, swallowing with inadequate chewing and physical inactivity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nutritional intake, including carotenoid, in mentally disabled people and find out a possible solution for nutritional improvement. Methods: People with intellectual disability (N=28), emotional disability (N=44) participated in this study. The disorder grades were from I to III and ages were between 20 and 65 years. Assessments included anthropometry, daily intake of nutrients, including carotenoid, ROMA III questionnaire for assessing bowel movement. Results: The average BMI of intellectually disabled people and emotionally disabled people was in the range of overweight and obesity respectively ($23.7{\pm}6.3kg/m^2$, $25.8{\pm}4.1kg/m^2$). Overall, the frequencies of vegetable and dairy product intakes were lower in this population. When compared with Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) from Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010, the intakes of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and calcium were insufficient in both groups. Also, lycopene intakes of carotenoid were low, compared with traditional Korean diet of the non-disabled people from the second year 2008 of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey. In addition, emotionally disabled people also had lower intake of cryptoxanthin. Conclusions: The mentally disabled people in this study showed lower intakes of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, calcium and carotenoids. Based on these findings, we recommend that it is important to encourage mentally disabled people to consume sufficient amounts of such nutrients in order to promote nutritional status.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.926-934
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• 2005

It is well known that NERD(Non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a well known esophageal disease. Symptoms of NERD may be divided into two classes. Important symptoms are acid regurgitation and heartburn. Secondary symptoms are noncardiac chest pain, dysphagia, chronic coughing, hoarseness, sore throat, globus, halitosis, epigastric pain or discomfort and abdominal pain or discomfort related to bowel movement. The relationship between NERD and Tan-San(呑酸) is complex. But the most common symptoms of NERD are acid regurgitation and heartburn. These symptoms arc similar to Tan-San and can be treated with oriental medical herb and acupuncture. Ljintang-Gamibang(二陳湯加味方) mentioned in the Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) is one of these oriental medical herbs. Therefore, this comparative study between first medical examination and end of medical treatment with Ljintang-Gamibang and acupuncture was made. The clinical progress of NERD was investigated. After treatment, all seven patients showed improvement in all symptoms associated with NERD, including general condition. The results of this study suggest that Ljintang-Gamibang and acupuncture are an effective treatment for NERD and progressive research to develop a practical treatment of NERD are needed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its actions are mediated by subtypes of GABA receptors named as $GABA_A$, $GABA_B,\;and\;GABA_C,\;GABA_A$, receptor consisting of ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}\;and\;{\delta}$ subunits is a heterooligomeric ligand-gated chloride channel. This study was performed to investigate regulation of $GABA_A$ receptor by protein kinase C(PKC). Ion currents were recorded using gramicidine-perforated patch and whole cell patch clamp. mRNA encoding the subunits of PKC expressed in major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons was detected by using RT-PCR. The GABA-induced inward current was increased by PKC activators and decreased by PKC inhibitors, respectively. These effects were not associated with intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and GAG (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol), a membrane permeable diacylglycerol (DAG) analogue. These results mean that the subfamily of PKC participating in activation of $GABA_A$ receptor would be an atypical PKC (aPKC). Among theses, ${\xi}$ isoform of aPKC was detected by RT-PCR. Taking together, we suggest that excitable $GABA_A$ receptor in sympathetic MPG neuron seemed to be regulated by aPKC, particular in ${\xi}$ isoform. The regulatory roles of PKC on excitatory $GABA_A$ receptors in sympathetic neurons of MPG may be an important factor to control the functional activity of various pelvic organs such as bowel movement, micturition and erection.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 2003

Background : Patient, family, society and country are badly damaged by stroke (CVA : cerebrovascular accident). To reduce sequelae and return rapidly to society, treatment in the acute stage is very important. In many studies on purgation therapy (下法) used in acute stages of stroke, the changes of blood pressure, pulse and so on before and after purgation therapy were reported. However, the changes in the human body according to the day elapsed after defecation were not reported, so study was needed to confirm such changes. Methods : Seventy-six patients were studied. We observed forty-three patients at acute stroke and thirty-three patients at convalescent stroke. To confirm the importance of regular defecation in stroke patients, we analyzed blood pressure according to the day elapsed after defecation. Results : The following result were obtained. 1. In stroke group, compared with the day after defecation, the mean blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased. It increased the most in the acute stroke group. 2. Especially in stroke and acute stroke groups, compared with the second day after defecation, the mean systolic blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased significantly. 3. In the infarction group, compared with the day after defecation, the mean blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased. It increased the most in the acute infarction group. 4. Especially, in the infarction and acute infarction groups, compared with the second day after defecation, the mean systolic blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased significantly. Conclusion : In stroke patients, regular defecation is important, so we think that purgation therapy (下法) is needed in stroke patients over the third day elapsed after defecation. We think that the bowel movement control in acute stroke patients is more important than in convalescent stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.660-662
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• 2018

With the increasing number of dog markets in modern society, dog owners are deeply rooted in our lives and affecting society. Following this trend, a variety of products have recently been introduced, and it is believed that they have not yet developed much in functional aspect of the post-cleaning system. Due to the busy social life of modern people in everyday life, there is no room to manage dogs in terms of time, cost and environment, which is causing problems. In order to avoid these problems, we are going to develop Eduardo, infrared sensor modules, and automatic pump systems. It is also designed to make it more convenient for users through a laxation pad automatic washing machine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1989

This study explored differences in how medical and surgical patients compare on the degree of hospital stress and their subjective physical status. Subjects were 343 medical and surgical patients in five university hospitals in Seoul and Taegu. They responded to the Hospital Stress Rating Scale and a self-report on physical status. The controlled variables were age, education, number of previous hospitalizations and seriousness of the illness. Medical and surgical patient differences on nine factors of the hospital stres scale and nine areas of physical conditions were reported as follows edplored : 1. 1) There was not a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for hospital stress between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean score of the factor lack of information (M＝2.308) for medical patients was higher than the mean score (M＝2.064) of the surgical patients. 3) The mean scores of the factor of discomfort (M＝2.130), loss of independence (M＝1.889) for surgical patients were higher than for medical patients. 2. 1) There was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for physical status between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean scores were lower in subjective physical status for surgical patients(S) than for medical patients (M) ; stomach condition (S : M＝2.8433, M : M＝3.0-000), self-assistance(S : M＝3.0373, M : M＝3.4498), movement (S : M＝2.6716, M : M＝3.2392), interest in your surroundings (S : M＝3.0522, M : M＝3.2632). 3. Patients scoring high on the subjective physical status such as sleep, appetite, stomach condition bowel condition and urination states had higher scores in hospital stress than with patients scoring low on those subjective Physical status. The results suggest that subjective physical status might be on expression of hospital stress. Also patients with high scores in subjective physical statas might be predicted have a high level of stress on admission. And surgical patients had a higher level of hospital stress than medical patients.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.263-283
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• 2013

This study analyzed picture book "Who Pooped on my Head?" by using semiotic theories and considered involved meaning of the text. Because characteristics of children's development and picture book should be in harmony, it is necessary to understand the text in-depth. As a result of analysis, the text helps psychological stability and contains the meaning and value that guides children into social value or norm. Analyzing the text by using Greimas' Semiotic square, the meaning that following bowel movement standard is socially established behavior was involved. It seems that giving up instinct and accepting standard are process to extend thought. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the meaning and value that support cognitive and emotional development was contained in the picture book, "Who Pooped on my Head?".

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2002

Purpose: The proper reconstructive technique after a partial gastrectomy for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach is often debated, but few data exist to clarify the issue. The aim of this study was to compare retrospectively the early postoperative results and complications after different anastomoses used during a partial gastrectomy for a gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the hospital records of 218 patients who had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Chosun University Hospital between January 1997 and July 2000. Of the 218 subtotal gastrectomies performed with curative intent, 127 reconstructions were Billroth I gastrectomies and 91 were Billroth II gastrectomies. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, tumor size, gastric resection margin, timing of removal of the nasogastric tube, first bowel movement, resumption of oral feeding, and postoperative complications. Results: The timing of removal of the nasogastric tube was significantly earlier in the Billroth Igroup than in the Billroth II group ($27.9\pm13.9$ hours and $69.7\pm68$ hours, respectively)(P<0.05). Resumption of oral feeding was possible on day $4.6\pm1.5$ in the Billroth I group and on dsy $5.2\pm1.5$ in the Billroth II group (P<0.05). There were no anastomotic leakage, postoperative bleeding, and postoperative mortality among the patients in either group. Conclusions: the Billroth lgastrectomy should be considered for patients undergoing a partial gastric resection for gastric cancer due to its physiological benefits and acceptable rate of complication.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2012

1. Objectives : The aim of this study was to survey the Original symptoms of Soyangin's and to compare the tendency of their symptoms between Soyangin Gyolhyungjeung and Soyangin Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache in patients of indigestion. 2. Methods : We recruited 76 Soyangin subjects in the Korean Medicine clinic and researched their original symptoms. Subjects were diagnosed by the Sasang Constitutional specialists and Sasang Constitutional Medication. Subjects were two groups, confirmed to Soyangin Gyolhyungjeung and Soyangin Heat-related diarrhea accompanied by headache. All subjects answered the questionnaire about their Original symptoms. We found the differences between 2 groups using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Korean. 3. Results : In Original symptoms, there was no difference between 2 groups in sleep, appetite, digestion, eating habits, water temperature, function of bowel movement, urination, sweating, sensitivity to coldness and sensitivity to warmness. But there was difference between 2 groups in frequency of defecation & hardness of feces(p=0.027). 4. Conclusions : We found the differences of heat and cold in symptoms between two Soyangin syndromes.