• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2012

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of mammalian cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals, because numerous adventitious viruses have been contaminated during the manufacturing process. In particular, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are highly susceptible to several RNA viruses including reovirus (Reo), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV) and there have been reports of such viral contaminations. Therefore, viral detection during the CHO cell process is necessary to ensure the safety of biopharmaceuticals against viruses. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness as a means to simultaneously detect Reo, BVDV, and BPIV during the manufacture of cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals. Specific primers for Reo, BVDV, and BPIV were selected, and a multiplex RT-PCR was optimized. The sensitivity of the assay for simultaneous amplification of all viral target RNAs was $7.76{\times}10^2\;TCID_{50}/ml$ for Reo, $7.44{\times}10^1\;TCID_{50}/ml$ for BVDV, and $6.75{\times}10^1\;TCID_{50}/ml$ for BPIV. The multiplex RT-PCR was proven to be very specific to Reo, BVDV, and BPIV and was subsequently applied to the validation of CHO cells artificially infected with each virus. It could detect each viral RNA from CHO cells as well as culture supernatants. Therefore, it was concluded that the multiplex RT-PCR assay can be applied to detection of the adventitious viruses during the manufacture of cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 1999

The tissue distribution and cellular localization of viral antigen in the brain of aborted fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) infection was studied; BVDV antigens was detected in spleen, kidney, lung, eyelid as well as brain. In the brain, the virus was recognized in neurons and non-neuronal cells in the cerebellum and cerebrum. Many cells in the superficial layer and occasional Purkinje cells had BVDV antigens. As well, BVDV was also found in the perivascular cells, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the vessels and neuroglial cells in the white matter. This finding suggests that BVD virus favors infect progenitor cells in the brain, notably in the superficial layer of cerebellum, and damage normal development of cerebellum, which leads to cerebellar hypoplasia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from calves in Chonbuk province. Blood samples were taken from ninety-two dairy calves. Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect BVDV. BVDV were detected in eight out of ninety-two (8.6%) dairy calves. BVDV were detected in one of twenty five of female calves and one of twenty three of male calves of 4 months old, whereas in the 5 months age group, BVDV were detected in low of twenty three of female calves and two of twenty one of male calves. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the detection rate of BVDV on the basis of sex. On the other hand, ages of calves had significant differences (p<0.05) on the prevalence of BVDV.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.781-791
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• 2024

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a single-stranded, positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belonging to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family. BVD frequently causes economic losses to farmers. Among bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains, BVDV-1b is predominant and widespread in Hanwoo calves. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an essential method for diagnosing BVDV-1b and has become the gold standard for diagnosis in the Republic of Korea. However, this diagnostic method is time-consuming and requires expensive equipment. Therefore, Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) systems have been used for point-of-care (POC) testing of viruses. Developing a sensitive and specific method for POC testing of BVDV-1b would be advantageous for controlling the spread of infection. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel nucleic acid detection method using the CRISPR-Cas13 system for POC testing of BVDV-1b. The sequence of the BVD virus was extracted from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NC_001461.1), and the 5' untranslated region, commonly used for detection, was selected. CRISPR RNA (crRNA) was designed using the Cas13 design program and optimized for the expression and purification of the LwCas13a protein. Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were infected with BVDV-1b, incubated, and the viral RNA was extracted. To enable POC viral detection, the compatibility of the CRISPR-Cas13 system was verified with a paper-based strip through collateral cleavage activity. Finally, a colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the detection of BVDV-1b by combining the previously obtained crRNA and Cas13a protein on a paper strip. In conclusion, the CRISPR-Cas13 system is highly sensitive, specific, and capable of nucleic acid detection, making it an optimal system for the early point-of-care testing of BVDV-1b.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2007

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests. Those calves remained positive for follow-up by RT-PCR and IHC. Therefore they were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. We confirmed that immunohistochemistry using skin biopsy samples was very useful tool to detect persistently infected calves with BVDV. As far as we know, this would be first report on persistent infection with BVDV in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.578-581
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• 2009

A 25-day-old, Korean indigenous calf was presented with a 10 days history of respiratory disorders and bloody diarrhea, and died. This calf was extremely unthrifty compared to others and had evidence of chronic diarrhea based on matting of feces in the hair of the tail and perineum. Ecchymotic hemorrhages were observed on multiple organs at necropsy. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was identified by RT-PCR. The phylogenetic analysis showed that this case belonged to BVDV-2a subgroup and was related to highly pathogenic USA isolate 890 (U18059). This case provided evidence for circulation of BVDV-2 in Republic of Korea. The occurrence of BVDV-2 was also reconfirmed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in Chonbuk province. Blood samples were taken from 92 korean calves to determined their serological status against BVDV, Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test for antigen. The number of seropositive calves ranged from 3.3% to 12.9%. Antigens against BVDV were detected in 3.3% of healthy calves, 6.4% of digestive symptom calves, 12.9% of respiratory symptom calves, respectively. Sex and age of calves had no significant differences on the prevalence of BVDV. The results indicate that transmission of BVDV may have become exposed as a result of contact with acute infected or persistently infected cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.5
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• 2023

Two 1-year-old Korean native steers in the same herd presented severe hemorrhagic diarrhea. Case 1 had severe dehydration and died after 3 days, whereas case 2 had anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea with mucus and blood. Only case 2 was necropsied, and bovine viral diarrhea virus-2a (BVDV2a) was detected in the tissues of its alimentary tract. Gross lesions, including erosion, ulceration, and extensive hemorrhage, were observed in the digestive tract mucosa. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked positive staining for BVDV2a antigen in the large intestine. These findings are indicative of hemorrhagic disease caused by BVDV2a in a native Korean steer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-290
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• 2011

Phylogenetic and nucleotide analysis revealed that severe acute bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) outbreaks from Korean indigenous calves belonged to BVDV-2a, and were identical to those of the highly pathogenic BVDV-2 strain 890, with identical virulence markers and classified as highly virulent. These outbreaks affected young calves (20 and 40 day-old) and were characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea, depression, anorexia, and weakness. The identification of the highly virulent BVDV-2 isolates among Korean indigenous calves may have important implications for epidemiological studies, diagnostic and immunization strategies.