• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2002

윤곽선 시퀀스는 임의 형상을 간단하면서도 정확하게 표현할 수 있는 좋은 표현법이 될 수 있다. 그러나, 형상을 구성하는 화소로부터 쉽게 구할 수 있는 면적, 무게중심, 오리엔테이션 방향, 투영 히스토그램 등과 같은 형상 특징들을 윤곽선 시퀀스로부터 직접 구하기는 어렵기 때문에, 윤곽선 시퀀스를 임의 형상에 대한 표현법으로 잘 사용하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 형상 내부의 연속된 화소들로 구성된 수직(또는 수평)의 라인 세그먼트를 의미하는 크로스 섹션 개념을 이용하여, 윤곽선 시퀀스로부터 형상 특징들을 쉽게 구할 수 있음을 보인다. 윤곽선 시퀀스를 한번 순차적으로 탐색함으로써 크로스 섹션을 효율적으로 구할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 또한, 이진 영상으로부터 여러 형상의 윤곽선 시퀀스를 자동으로 추출할 수 있는 효율적인 방법도 함께 제안한다. 제안된 방법들은 형상 내부에 홀(hole)이 있는 경우에도 적용할 수 있다. 결과적으로, 윤곽선 시퀀스가 임의 형상 영역에 대한 매우 효과적인 표현이 될 수 있음을 밝힌다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.284-297
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a franchisor's influence strategies could affect a franchisee's relationship satisfaction, which in turn could affect their boundary spanning behaviors. The constructs of influence strategies included promise, recommendation, information exchange, request, threat, and legalistic plea. The boundary spanning behaviors were external representation, internal influence, and service delivery. The sample used for this research consisted of store owners or managers of franchisee restaurants in Korea. A total of 605 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS/$PC^+$ and LISREL. Empirical research findings were that (1) promise, recommendation, and legalistic plea affected relationship satisfaction, and (2) relationship satisfaction influenced external representation, internal influence and service delivery. However, information exchange, request, and threat did not affect relationship satisfaction. Based on these findings, franchisors were recommended to provide motivations to franchisees if the former wants to receive help from the latter.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제16호
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• pp.139-174
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• 2013

Pliny the Elder said that multiple cultures agree that the painting began as a shadow trace. A daughter of Butades, the potter in Corinth, traced an outline around a man's shadow, and it was the very beginning of painting. In this anecdote, the profile, i. e. the portrait substitutes body of the absent lover. It makes the absent body present and replaces his place. In this context Hans Belting put the anthropological value to this visual practice. Human being made images to cope actively with the shock of death and the disappearing of body. With the aid of the representation of the bodily presence, the image struggles to resist the death. This paper is a study on the critical meaning of representation in the context of bodily survival by image. The representation is the paradoxical trick of consciousness, an ability to see something as 'there' and 'not there' at the same time. So the connection between image and the body would be suspicious. Although this relation was tight in the ancient shadow painting and the medieval effigies, the modern visual practice forsakes this connection and exposes the trick of representation. It insists that image was not real and even expels the medieval visual practice from the boundary of fine arts. The genealogy of the portraiture is formed by two different visual practices. The belief and the disbelief in the image are observed in the process of representation and anti-representation, and this ambivalence transforms the ontological meaning of portrait in the visual representation.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

A continuous solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem for the heat equation $u_t$＝$a2u_{xx}$ using a fuzzy system is described. We first apply the Crank-Nicolson method to obtain a discrete solution at the grid points for the heat equation. Then we find a continuous function to represent approximately the discrete values at the grid points in the form of a bicubic spline function (equation omitted) that can in turn be represented exactly by a fuzzy system. We show that the computed values at non-grid points using the bicubic spline function is much smaller than the ones obtained by linear interpolations of the values at the grid points. We also show that the fuzzy rule table in the fuzzy system representation of the bicubic spline function can be viewed as a gray scale image. Hence, the fuzzy rules provide a visual representation of the functions of two variables where the contours of different levels for the function are shown in different gray scale levels

• 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2005

Time-frequency representation reveals some useful information about instantaneous frequency, instantaneous bandwidth and boundary of each AM-FM component of a speech signal. In many cases, the instantaneous frequency of each component is not constant. The variability of instantaneous frequency causes degradation of resolution in time-frequency representation. This paper presents a method of adaptively adjusting the transform kernel for preventing degradation of resolution due to time-varying instantaneous frequency. The transform kernel is the form of frequency modulated function. The modulation function in the transform kernel is determined by the estimate of instantaneous frequency which is approximated by first order polynomial at each time instance. Also, the window function is modulated by the estimated instantaneous. frequency for mitigation of fringing. effect. In the proposed method, not only the transform kernel but also the shape and the length of. the window function are adaptively adjusted by the instantaneous frequency of a speech signal.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2005

For CAD data users, few things are as frustrating as receiving CAD data that is unusable due to poor data quality. Users waste time trying to get better data, fixing the data, or even rebuilding the data from scratch from paper drawings or other sources. Most related works and commercial tools handle the boundary representation (B-Rep) shape of CAD models. However, we propose a design history?based approach for healing CAD model errors. Because the design history, which covers the features, the history tree, the parameterization data and constraints, reflects the design intent, CAD model errors can be healed by an interdependency analysis of the feature commands or of the parametric data of each feature command, and by the reconstruction of these feature commands through the rule-based reasoning of an expert system. Unlike other B Rep correction methods, our method automatically heals parametric feature models without translating them to a B-Rep shape, and it also preserves engineering information.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.227-274
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• 2001

In this paper we intended to discuss the following topics: (1) Notation, generalities, Markov processes. The close relationship between (generators of) Markov processes and the martingale problem is exhibited. A link between the Korovkin property and generators of Feller semigroups is established. (2) Feynman-Kac semigroups: 0-order regular perturbations, pinned Markov measures. A basic representation via distributions of Markov processes is depicted. (3) Dirichlet semigroups: 0-order singular perturbations, harmonic functions, multiplicative functionals. Here a representation theorem of solutions to the heat equation is depicted in terms of the distributions of the underlying Markov process and a suitable stopping time. (4) Sets of finite capacity, wave operators, and related results. In this section a number of results are presented concerning the completeness of scattering systems (and its spectral consequences). (5) Some (abstract) problems related to Neumann semigroups: 1st order perturbations. In this section some rather abstract problems are presented, which lie on the borderline between first order perturbations together with their boundary limits (Neumann type boundary conditions and) and reflected Markov processes.

• 음성과학
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• 제6권
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• pp.119-143
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• 1999

In this paper, the development of English Intonational Phonology is introduced. The existing representation systems of intonation are largely divided into the American structuralist school and the British school, which describe intonation by means of 'levels' and 'configurations' respectively. Both representation systems have some theory-internal problems, however. As for the American school, there is no way to represent pitches much lower than the reference line, while the system of intonation in the British school is limited in that intonation is described in a phonetic impressionistic way rather than from a phonological perspective. Intonational Phonology, a real phonological approach, which has grown out of the basic assumptions of autosegmental-metrical(AM) theory has been suggested by Pierrehumbert(1980). In her approach, an intonational tune is made up of one or more pitch accents, followed by an obligatory phrase accent and an obligatory boundary tone, and interestingly 22 combinations are possible. Intonational Phonology has been revised from Beckman & Pierrehumbert(1986) in developing ToBI(Tones & Break Indices), a proposed standard for labelling prosodic features of digital speech databases in English.

• 음성과학
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• 제2권
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• pp.159-172
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• 1997

This paper proposes a prosodic representation system of the Kyungnam dialect of Korean, based on the ToBI system. In this system, diverse intonation patterns are transcribed on the four parallel tiers: a tone tier, a break index tier, an orthographic tier, and a miscellaneous tier. The tone tier employs pitch accents, phrase accents, and boundary tones marked with diacritics in order to represent various pitch events. The break index tier uses five break indices, numbered from 0 to 4, in order to represent degrees of connectiveness in speech by associating each inter-word position with a break index. In this, each break index represents a boundary of some kind of constituent. This system can contribute not only to a more detailed theory connecting prosody, syntax, and intonation, but also to current text-to-speech synthesis approaches, speech recognition, and other quantitative computational modellings.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.375-389
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• 2015

An improved boundary element method is presented for numerical analysis of hydrodynamic behavior of marine structures. A new algorithm for numerical solution of the finite depth free-surface Green function in three dimensions is developed based on multiple series representations. The whole range of the key parameter R/h is divided into four regions, within which different representation is used to achieve fast convergence. The well-known epsilon algorithm is also adopted to accelerate the convergence. The critical convergence criteria for each representation are investigated and provided. The proposed method is validated by several well-documented benchmark problems.