• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2002

The drawbead is used to control material flow into the die during the binder wrap process and the stamping process in the sheet metal forming process. Since the dimension of drawbead is relatively small in comparison with the typical dimensions, it is difficult to include drawbeads in finite element analysis of the sheet metal forming process. It is because the mesh system has to be fine enough to describe the drawbead and the computation time is drastically increased. In this paper, simulation of drawbead forming has been carried out to obtain the equivalent boundary conditions in the binder wrap process and the stamping process. In order to investigate the effect of various die geometries, parameter studies are performed with the variation of parameters such as the blank length, the drawbead depth, the drawbead radius, the inclination of die and the friction coefficient.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.924-927
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• 2004

Measurements of fluctuating wall pressures were made with a linear array of 16 piezo-electric transducers beneath a fully-developed turbulent boundary layer. The piezoelectric bimorph actuator applied in this experiment has bonding structures of each polarity to make out-of-plane displacements rather than in-plane ones by using piezoelectric effect To specify the boundary layer characteristics at the location where the actuation was applied, the wall friction coefficients and $Re_\theta$ were measured by using the CPM method. The actuating frequency for the bimorph film was determined according to the priori bursting frequency from boundary layer parameters. The reduction of convecting energies in wave-number space was clearly observed at the specified actuating frequencies.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2001

An unsteady numerical simulation was performed to analyze flow structures behind a local suction/blowing in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. The local forcing was given to the boundary layer flow by means of sinusoidally oscillating jet. A version of the unsteady $\kappa$-$\xi$-f(sub)u model (Rhee and Sung 2000) was employed. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness was about Re(sub)$\theta$=1700. The forcing frequency was varied in the range 0.011$\leq$f(sup)+$\leq$0.044 with a fixed forcing amplitude A(sub)o=0.4. The predicted results were compared and validated with the experimental data. It was shown that the unsteady locally-forced boundary layer flow is predicted well by the $\kappa$-$\xi$-f(sub)u model. The effect of the pitch angle of local forcing on the reduction of skin friction was also examined.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2002

Effects of wake-passing orientation and frequency on the wake-induced boundary layer transition on a NACA0012 airfoil are investigated. The wakes are generated by rotating cylinders clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) around the airfoil. Time- and phase-averaged streamwise mean velocities and turbulent fluctuations are measured with a single hot-wire probe. Wall skin frictions are estimated by the Computational Preston Tube Method (CPM). The pressure distribution on the airfoil is different according to the wake-passing orientation and frequency. Turbulent patches are generated in the laminar boundary layer due to the passing wake and the boundary layer becomes temporarily transitional. The transition process is significantly affected by the pressure gradient and the turbulent patches. For the receding wake, the turbulent patches propagate more rapidly than those for the approaching wake because adverse pressure gradient becomes larger. As the frequency increases, onset location of transition moles upstream and the boundary layer near the trailing edge becomes more transitional.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1983

海洋 亂流境界層內 亂流運動量輸送의 斷續性 現象에 對하여 그 本質을 把握 하고 流體力學的 인 의미를 규명하기 위한 영구를 기원했다.또한 단속성 현상과 작비현상의 상호관계도 아울러 연구했다. 본 연구를 통해 난류경계층내에서도 중간층에 속하는 z/h=0.067층에서는 단속성의 크기가 평균난류운동량 수송의 408배의 달하고 상부층 즉 z/h=0.1층에서는 270배에 달함이 밝혀져,이제까지 보고되었던 Gordon(1974)이나 Heathersaw(1974)의 30배의 월등히 크다는 것이 새로운 사실이다. 일부 학자들은 단속성현상을 자기현상의 반영 또는 자기의 유통계의 부딪혀 나타나는 현상이라고 해석한바 있으나 (Gordon,1974; Heathersaw,1974),본 연구에서 밝혀진바에 의하면,이는 마찰 Reynolds 수가>$10^{5}$인 실제해양의 난류경계층내 난류운동의 특징이라는 사실이다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.751-760
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• 2007

Baffles enhance heat transfer by disturbing boundary layer and bulk flow, creating impingement, and increasing heat transfer surface area. This study was performed to determine how the two inclined baffles (${\alpha}=5^{\circ}$ perforated models) placed at a rectangular channel affect heat transfer and associated friction characteristics. The parametric effects of perforated baffles (3, 6 and 12 holes) and flow Reynolds number ranging from 28,900 to 61,800 on the heated target surface are explored. Comparisons of the experimental data with the numerical results by commercial code CFX 10.0 are presented. As for the investigation of heat transfer behaviors on local Nusselt number with two baffles placed at $x/D_h=0.8$ and $x/D_h=8.0$ of the edge of baffles, it is evident that the inclined perforated baffles augment overall heat transfer significantly by both jet impingement and boundary layer separation. There exists an optimum perforation density to maximize heat transfer coefficients; i.e., the average Nusselt number increases with increasing number of holes, but the friction factor decreases with an increase in the hole number placed at baffles.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 다중 로봇 시스템에서 물체와 로봇 팔끝 간에 접촉 마찰이 존재할 때 이 로봇 시스템의 조작도를 해석하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 로봇이 물체를 떨어뜨리지 않고 잡고 있으려면, 로봇이 물체에 가하는 힘 벡터가 friction cone 내부에 존재 해야만 한다. 이러한 friction cone 내부를 나타내는 식은 일반적으로 비선형 형태로 되어 있기 때문에 기존의 조작도 분석 방법에 이 식을 구속 조건으로 적용하기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 friction cone 내부를 다각뿔로 근사함으로써 선형적인 구속 조건으로 표현하였다. 또한 선행 연구에서 찾지 못했던 부분을 새롭게 찾아내었다. 그리고 다중 로봇 시스템에 조작도를 나타내는 물체 중심의 가속도를 구하기 위해서, 먼저 선형계획법을 통해서 허용 가능한 토크의 영역을 구하였다. 이 토크의 영역을 선형 변환을 통해 최종적으로 물체의 최대 가속도의 영역을 구하였다. 본 방법의 타당성을 입증하기 위해서 두 대로 구성 된 다중 로봇 시스템과 PUMA560 로봇 시스템에 적용하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2022

Amorphous carbon (a-C) has excellent wear resistance and, therefore is used as a coating to protect numerous mechanical components to prolong their lifetimes. Among the a-C coatings, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and DLC-containing silicon (Si-DLC) receive extensive attention owing to their enhanced wear resistance and low frictional characteristics. In this study, the friction and wear characteristics of DLC and Si-DLC coatings are analyzed. For comparative analysis, DLC-coated and Si-DLC-coated vanes are utilized with the counterpart of a roller for the friction tests. Since the lubricated mechanical components are generally vulnerable to wear when a lubricant film does not form properly, friction tests are conducted under boundary lubrication conditions to promote wear. A cylinder-on-cylinder type tribometer is used to perform the friction tests with various normal load conditions. After the friction test, a 3D laser confocal microscope is used for quantifying the wear volume to calculate the wear rate of each specimen. Consequently, the DLC-coated specimen shows a lower coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate than the specimen without the coating, while the Si-DLC coating shows a higher COF than the bare specimen. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improving the efficiency and reliability of compressors.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2003

공탄성 플랩을 이용한 충격파와 난류 경계층의 간섭유동 제어에서 유동가시화에 관한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 유동 가시화를 위하여 순간 쉐도우 영상, 등유와 흑색안료 혼합물을 이용한 유맥선, 간섭 유동 후방에 적용된 실리콘 오일막의 간섭 줄무늬 형상 등이 얻어졌다. 플랩의 형상과 두께 변화에 의한 영향이 평가되었고 그 결과는 제어되지 않은 일반 평판 위의 충격파 간섭유동의 경우와 비교되었다. 충격파 간섭유동 후방에 적용된 얇은 오일막 표면에 나타나는 간섭무늬로서 이 영역에서의 정성적인 전단응력분포 관찰이 이루어 졌고, 그 결과 간섭유동 후방 중심축 근처에 길고 좁은 박리현상을 동반한 유동의 강한 폭 방향 변화가 관찰되었으며, 이는 이러한 충격파 간섭유동의 강한 3차원 특성을 보여주고 있다. 또한 플랩 하부에 위치한 공동부 형상이 충격파 간섭유동에 미치는 영향도 평가되었고, 그 영향을 무시할 수 없음이 관찰되었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2014

The pumps of electro-hydrostatic actuators operate most frequently in boundary lubrication speed range, as they compensate for the position control errors as a control element. When conventional swash plate type piston pumps are applied to electro-hydrostatic actuators, the frictional power losses as well as the wear rate of sliding components, such as piston shoes can increase drastically under the boundary friction condition. In this paper, the power losses of the piston shoes were investigated which were engendered by a frictional solid-to-solid contact and leakage flow rate of their hydrostatic bearing. In order to reduce them, DLC-coating was applied to the swash plate and the ball joint of pistons along with its effects were demonstrated. In addition, it was also shown that the wear rate of the piston shoes could be markedly reduced using the DLC-coated swash plate.