• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.803-811
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• 2020

This paper proposes an image classification algorithm that transforms the number of convolution layers in the residual block of ResNet, CNN's representative method. The proposed method modified the structure of 34/50 layer of ResNet structure. First, we analyzed the performance of small and many convolution layers for the structure consisting of only shortcut and 3 × 3 convolution layers for 34 and 50 layers. And then the performance was analyzed in the case of small and many cases of convolutional layers for the bottleneck structure of 50 layers. By applying the results, the best classification method in the residual block was applied to construct a 34-layer simple structure and a 50-layer bottleneck image classification model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed image classification model, the results were analyzed by applying to the cifar10 dataset. The proposed 34-layer simple structure and 50-layer bottleneck showed improved performance over the ResNet-110 and Densnet-40 models.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2020

This paper investigates the non-intrusive speech intelligibility estimation method in noise environments when the bottleneck feature of autoencoder is used as an input to a neural network. The bottleneck feature-based method has the problem of severe performance degradation when the noise environment is changed. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a novel non-intrusive speech intelligibility estimation method that adds the noise environment information along with bottleneck feature to the input of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network whose output is a short-time objective intelligence (STOI) score that is a standard tool for measuring intrusive speech intelligibility with reference speech signals. From the experiments in various noise environments, the proposed method showed improved performance when the noise environment is same. In particular, the performance was significant improved compared to that of the conventional methods in different environments. Therefore, we can conclude that the method proposed in this paper can be successfully used for estimating non-intrusive speech intelligibility in various noise environments.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.179-191
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• 2007

This paper aims to improve management and make the bakery business stable by investigating the difficulties in bakery management and the current management conditions of bakery businesses. Using Windows SPSS 11.0, the bottleneck in bakery management and its influence on sales and job satisfaction were analyzed. Besides, a regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of difficulties in bakery management on sales and job satisfaction. According to the analysis, a total of 44 variables were observed as the difficulties in bakery management. Among them, 34 variables were caused by 7 factors: facility, product, employee, finance, production, external advertisement. In the regression analysis, it has turned out that the difficulties in management had influence on sales dissatisfaction in facility, product, employee, finance, production, and external factors. Especially, employee factor turned out the most influential one on sales dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it has turned out that the bottleneck in management had influence on job dissatisfaction in all 7 factors. Above all, the external factor turned out the most influential one.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.58-69
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• 2021

It is very necessary to have a creative problem-solving capacities to learn various majors and liberal arts based on the major, and to solve the bottleneck techniques led by students. In this study, the existing creative problem-solving curriculums, 'Methodology of Inventive Problem Solving' based on TRIZ, were improved and applied, and industrial bottleneck techniques were provided to students to solve these techniques. To improve the curriculum, 1) improvement of instructional objectives and learning contents, 2) improvement of evaluation methods and contents (reflecting the evaluation of instructor and students), and 3) learning satisfaction survey were conducted in the following order. As a result of the application of the improved curriculum, the level of activities for each team was improved, and when the core process was well understood, the evaluation of team activities was also excellent, but there was a tendency to focus on methods that are relatively easy to apply in the problem solving process. In the final exam (learning contents evaluation), teams with difficult understanding of the TRIZ theory or low team activities showed a relatively high trend, but the difference in level between divisions was slightly reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1835-1845
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• 2021

To accurately identify black ice and warn the drivers of information in advance so they can control speed and take preventive measures. In this paper, we propose a lightweight black ice detection network based on infrared road images. A black ice recognition network model based on CNN transfer learning has been developed. Additionally, to further improve the accuracy of black ice recognition, an enhanced lightweight network based on MobileNetV2 has been developed. To reduce the amount of calculation, linear bottlenecks and inverse residuals was used, and four bottleneck groups were used. At the same time, to improve the recognition rate of the model, each bottleneck group was connected to a 3×3 convolutional layer to enhance regional feature extraction and increase the number of feature maps. Finally, a black ice recognition experiment was performed on the constructed infrared road black ice dataset. The network model proposed in this paper had an accurate recognition rate of 99.07% for black ice.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

Designing a reliable multicast-based network that scales to the size of a multicast group member is difficult because of the diversity of user demands. The loss inferences of internal nodes by end-to-end measurements do not require the use of complete statistics because of the use of maximum likelihood estimation. These schemes are very efficient and the inferred value converges fast to its true value. In the theoretical analysis, internal delay estimation is possible but the analysis is very complex due to the continuity property of the delay. In this paper, we propose the use of a bottleneck location estimator. This can overcome the analytical difficulty of the delay estimation using the power spectrum of the packet interarrival time as the performance metric. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can be used for bottleneck location inference of internal links in scalable multicasting.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2002

The deployment of multicast communication services in the Internet is expected to lead a stable packet transfer even in heavy traffic as in On-Line Game environment. The Core Based Tree scheme among many multicast protocols is the most popular and suggested recently. However, CBT exhibit two major deficiencies such as traffic concentration or poor core placement problem. So, measuring the bottleneck link bandwidth along a path is important for understanding the performance of multicast. We propose not only a definition of CBT's core link state that Steady-State(SS), Normal-State(NS) and Bottleneck State(BS) according to the estimation link speed rate, but also the changeover of multicast routing scheme for traffic overload. In addition, we introduce anycast routing tree, a efficient architecture for construct shard multicast trees.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2009

In existing wireless ad-hoc networks, how to distribute network resources fairly between many users to optimize data transmission is an important research subject. However, in wireless mesh networks (WMNs), it is one of the research areas to avoid gateway bottleneck more than the fair network resource sharing. It is because WMN traffic are concentrated on the gateway connected to backhaul. To solve this problem, the paper proposes Weighted Fairness Time-sharing Access (WFTA). The proposed WFTA is a priority time scheduling scheme based on Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ).

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

We have studied the carrier relaxation of InAs/GaAs modulation-doped quantum dots depending on the excitation wavelength and modulation-doping concentration by using the time-ressolved spectroscopy. At the excitation below GaAs barrier band gap, the relaxation processes become very slow, implying to observe the phonon bottleneck effects. On the other hand, at the excitation far above GaAs band gap, phonon bottleneck effects are broken down due to Auger processes. Increasing modulation-doping concentration, the relaxation times, by virtue of Coulomb scattering between electrons in GaAs doped layer and carriers in InAs quantum dots, are observed to become fast.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

This paper gives an attempt to build a decision support tool linked with a simulation software called ARENA for evaluating and comparing the performance of the push and pull material driven strategies operating in the flow shop environment with a bottleneck resource as the shop's constraint. To be fair for such evaluation, the comparison must be made fairly under the optimal setting of both systems' operating parameters. In this study, an optimal-seeking heuristic algorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA), is employed to suggest a systems' best design based on the economic consideration, which is the profit generated from the system. Results from the study have revealed interesting outcomes, letting us know the strength and weakness of the push and pull mechanisms as well as the effect of each operating parameter to the overall system's financial performance.