• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.695-707
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• 2013

DHT(Distributed Hash Table) networks such as Kademlia are vulnerable to the ID mapping attack caused by the voluntary DHT mapping structure where the location of a node is solely determined by itself on the network topology. This causes security problems such as eclipse, DRDoS and botnet C&C on DHT networks. To prevent ID mapping attacks, we propose a non-voluntary DHT mapping scheme and perform analysis on NAT compatibility, attack resistance, and network dynamicity. Analysis results show that our approach may have an equivalent level of attack resistance comparing with other defense mechanisms and overcome their limitations including NAT compatibility and network dynamicity.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.816-822
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• 2013

In modern networks, data rate is getting faster and transferred data is extremely increased. At this point, the malicious codes are evolving to various types very fast, and the frequency of occurring new malicious code is very short. So, it is hard to collect/analyze data using general networks with the techniques like traditional intrusion detection or anormaly detection. In this paper, we collect and analyze the data more effectively with cloud environment than general simple networks. Also we analyze the malicious code which is similar to real network's malware, using botnet server/client includes DNS Spoofing attack.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

With the rapid increase in the use of IoT and mobile devices, cyber criminals targeting IoT devices are also on the rise. Among IoT devices, when using a wireless access point (AP), problems such as packets being exposed to the outside due to their own security vulnerabilities or easily infected with malicious codes such as bots, causing DDoS attack traffic, are being discovered. Therefore, in this study, in order to actively respond to cyber attacks targeting IoT devices that are rapidly increasing in recent years, we proposed a method to collect traces of intrusion incidents artifacts from IoT devices, and to improve the validity of intrusion analysis data. Specifically, we presented a method to acquire and analyze digital forensics artifacts in the compromised system after identifying the causes of vulnerabilities by reproducing the behavior of the sample IoT malware. Accordingly, it is expected that it will be possible to establish a system that can efficiently detect intrusion incidents on targeting large-scale IoT devices.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2023

Roblox, the world's No. 1 metaverse platform, has more than 3 billion subscription accounts and more than 150 millionmonthly active users (MAU). Despite such high interest in metaverse, existing studies on analyzing the risk of cyberattacks and security in the metaverse environment is insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new steganography-basedcovert communication method in Roblox. In our proposed method, a secret message is hidden into an image by using a function provided in the Roblox Experience environment and then the image is automatically stored in the RobloxExperience participants' devices (PC or Smartphone) so that a malicious software can extract the hidden message fromthe image. By our experiments in the Roblox metaverse environment, we validated our proposed method works and thus want to inform our proposed method can be used in various cyberattacks and crimes such as the spread of secret commands, the establishment of a steganography botnet, and the mass distribution of malicious malware in metaverse platforms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.721-736
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• 2023

The Command and Control Framework was developed for penetration testing and education purposes, but threat actors such as cybercrime groups are abusing it. From a cyber threat hunting perspective, identifying Command and Control Framework servers as well as proactive responding such as blocking the server can contribute to risk management. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology for tracking the Command and Control Framework in advance. The methodology consists of four steps: collecting a list of Command and Control Framework-related server, emulating staged delivery, extracting botnet configurations, and collecting certificates that feature is going to be extracted. Additionally, experiments are conducted by applying the proposed methodology to Cobalt Strike, a commercial Command and Control Framework. Collected beacons and certificate from the experiments are shared to establish a cyber threat response basis that could be caused from the Command and Control Framework.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.504-509
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• 2019

Recently, both wireless communications technology and the performance of small devices have developed exponentially, while the number of services using various types of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has also massively increased in line with the ongoing technological and environmental changes. Furthermore, ever more devices that were previously used in the offline environment-including small-size sensors and CCTV-are being connected to the Internet due to the huge increase in IoT services. However, many IoT devices are not equipped with security functions, and use vulnerable open source software as it is. In addition, conventional network equipment, such as switches and gateways, operates with vulnerabilities, because users tend not to update the equipment on a regular basis. Recently, the simple vulnerability of IoT devices has been exploited through the distributed denial of service (DDoS) from attackers creating a large number of botnets. This paper proposes a system that is capable of identifying Internet-connected devices quickly, analyzing and managing the vulnerability of such devices using Internet-wide scan technology. In addition, the vulnerability analysis rate of the proposed technology was verified through collected banner information. In the future, the company plans to automate and upgrade the proposed system so that it can be used as a technology to prevent cyber attacks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

Recently, there is significant increasing of massive attacks, which try to infect PCs that visit websites containing pre-implanted malicious code. When visiting the websites, these hidden malicious codes can gain monetary profit or can send various cyber attacks such as BOTNET for DDoS attacks, personal information theft and, etc. Also, this kind of malicious activities is continuously increasing, and their evasion techniques become professional and intellectual. So far, the current signature-based detection to detect websites, which contain malicious codes has a limitation to prevent internet users from being exposed to malicious codes. Since, it is impossible to detect with only blacklist when an attacker changes the string in the malicious codes proactively. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that can detect unknown malicious code, which is not well detected by a signature-based detection. Our method can detect new malicious codes even though the codes' signatures are not in the pattern database of Anti-Virus program. Moreover, our method can overcome various obfuscation techniques such as the frequent change of the included redirection URL in the malicious codes. Finally, we confirm that our proposed system shows better detection performance rather than MC-Finder, which adopts pattern matching, Google's crawling based malware site detection, and McAfee.