• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.5
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• 2013

Pharmacopuncture, or herbal acupuncture, is a new form of therapy derived from combinations of two traditional therapeutic methods, herbal medicine and acupuncture therapy. To compare the efficacy between dexamethasone-pharmacopuncture (DP) and dexamethasone-oral administration (DO), the effect of DP was investigated in murine models. Anti-anaphylactic effects of dexamethasone treatments were investigated in compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction, ear swelling response, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). DP treatment significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction, ear swelling response, and PCA. The effects between DP and DO were on a similar level. These results indicate that DP can be used as an alternative method for DO in case of emergency.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.439-453
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• 2018

The Eocene Gyeongju granitoids in SE Korea are alkali feldspar granite (AGR), biotite granite (BTGR), and hornblende biotite granodiorite (HBGD) along Yangsan fault and Ulsan fault. According to their geochemical characteristics, these granitoids are classified as A-type (AGR) and I-type (BTGR and HBGD) granitoids, and regarded that were derived from same parental magma in upper mantle. The hornblende and biotite of AGR as an interstitial phase indicate that influx of F-rich fluid during the crystallization of AGR magma. AGR is enriched LILE (except Sr and Ba) and LREE that indicate the influences for subduction released fluids. The highest HFSE contents and zircon saturation temperature of AGR among the Eocene Gyeongju granitoids may indicate that it was affected by partial melting rather than magma fractionation. These characteristics may represent that the high F contents of AGR was affected by F-rich fluid derived from the subducted slab and partial melting. It corresponds with the results of the REE modeling and the dehydrated fluid component (Ba/Th) modeling showing that AGR (A-type) was formed by the partial melting of BTGR (I-type) with the continual influx of F-rich fluid derived from the subducted slab.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2018

General D-glass(Dielectric glass) fibers are adaptable to PCBs(Printed circuit boards) because they have a low dielectric constant of about 3.5~4.5. However, very few papers have appeared on the physical characteristics of D-glass fibers. D-glass fibers were fabricated via continuous spinning process using bulk D-glass. In order to fabricate the D-glass, raw materials were put into a Pt crucible, melted at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, and then annealed at $521{\pm}10^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. We obtained transparent clear glass. The transmittance and adaptable temperature for spinning of the bulk marble glass were characterized using a UV-visible spectrometer and a viscometer. Continuous spinning was carried out using direct melting spinning equipment as a function of the fiberizing temperature in the range of $1368^{\circ}C$ to $1460^{\circ}C$, while the winder speed was between 100 rpm and 200 rpm. We investigated the physical properties of the D-glass fibers. The average diameters of the glass fibers were measured by optical microscope and FE-SEM. The average diameters of the D-glass fibers were 21.36 um at 100 rpm and 34.06 um at 200 rpm. The mechanical properties of the fibers were confirmed using a UTM(Universal materials testing machine). The average tensile strengths of the D-glass fibers were 467.03 MPa at 100 rpm and 522.60 MPa at 200 rpm.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.457-469
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• 2017

Obesity is one of the most serious health problem because it induced numerous metabolic syndrome and increases the incidence of various disease, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increases in reactive oxygens species (ROS) occur with lipid accumulation. NADPH oxidase, producing superoxide anion, may contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the effect of Chaenomeles sinensis koehne extract (CSE) against the development of obesity and the inhibition mechanisms in 3T3-L1 preadiocytes. CSE decreased triglyceride content and inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$, CCAT/enhancer binding protein $(C/EBP){\alpha}$ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1). In addition, CSE highly increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. CSE remarkably reduced intracellular ROS increase and NAD(P)H oxidase activity, NOX1, NOX4, Rac1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox We also studied the effect of CSE on weight gain induced by high-fat diet. The oral treatment of CSE (500 mg/kg, body weight) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice showed decrease in triglyceride and adipocyte size. Therefore, these results indicate that the effect of CSE on anti-obese effects, adipocyte differentiation and reducing triglyceride contents as well as adipocyte size in obese mice, may be associated with inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase-induced ROS production and adipose transcription factors. These results showed the potential to inhibit the obesity by CSE treatment through controlling the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in vitro and in vivo obese model.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.471-477
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• 2016

Objectives: Fluoride is widely used in the prevention and control of dental caries. The purpose of this study is to examine the biological effects of Sodium fluoride on the proliferation of oral normal cell in vitro(MDPC-23, HaCaT, HGF-1 cells). Methods: The proliferation of normal cells and the cyto-skeletal change of normal cells were assessed by WST-1 assay and F-actin stain assay. The statistical significances of the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS(Window 12.0). Results: The sodium fluoride(0-12 mM) treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner: HaCaT(6 h): $100{\pm}0$, $98{\pm}0.39$, $82{\pm}2.68$, $75{\pm}0.83$, $69{\pm}1$, $67{\pm}1.42%$(p<0.005); HaCaT(24 h): $100{\pm}0$, $98{\pm}1.85$, $54{\pm}0.64$, $43{\pm}0.4$, $38{\pm}0.32$, $36{\pm}0.13%$(p<0.006), MDPC-23(6 h): $100{\pm}0$, $93{\pm}1.48$, $85{\pm}0.28$, $82{\pm}1.58$, $79{\pm}1.48$, $76{\pm}1.93%$(p<0.009); MDPC-23(24 h): $100{\pm}0$, $91{\pm}1.26$, $58{\pm}0.65$, $49{\pm}1$, $44{\pm}0.74$, $2{\pm}0.05%$(p<0.005), HGF-1(6 h): $100{\pm}0$, $97{\pm}2.93$, $89{\pm}5$, $71{\pm}5.42$, $58{\pm}4.82$, $43{\pm}3.47%$(p<0.009); HGF-1(24 h): $100{\pm}0$, $97{\pm}2.05$, $73{\pm}1.73$, $22{\pm}1.61$, $14{\pm}1.73$, $7{\pm}0.85%$(p<0.005). Thus, changes in cell morphology and disruption of filamentous(F)-actin organization were observed in higher concentration. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher concentrations of fluoride lead to a reduce the number of cells and morphology change of normal cell.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study investigated the effect of laser parameters and air-abrasion on the peel strength of silicon-based soft denture liner to different denture resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Specimens (N=180) were prepared out of three different denture base resins (Rodex, cross-linked denture base acrylic resin; Paladent, heat-cured acrylic resin; Deflex, Polyamide resin) ($75mm{\times}25mm{\times}3mm$). A silicon-based soft denture liner (Molloplast B) was applied to the denture resins after the following conditioning methods: a) Air-abrasion ($50{\mu}m$), b) Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase MD Turbo, Biolase Technology) at 2 W-20 Hz, c) Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2 W-30 Hz, d) Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 3 W-20 Hz, e) Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 3 W-30 Hz. Non-conditioned group acted as the control group. Peel test was performed in a universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated visually. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Denture liner tested showed increased peel strength after laser treatment with different parameters ($3.9{\pm}0.4-5.58{\pm}0.6$ MPa) compared to the control ($3.64{\pm}0.5-4.58{\pm}0.5$ MPa) and air-abraded groups ($3.1{\pm}0.6-4.46{\pm}0.3$ MPa), but the results were not statistically significant except for Paladent, with the pretreatment of Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 3 W-20 Hz. Polyamide resin after air-abrasion showed significantly lower peel strength than those of other groups ($3.1{\pm}0.6$ MPa). CONCLUSION. Heat-cured acrylic resin, PMMA, may benefit from Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment at 3 W-20 Hz irradiation. Air-abrasion of polyamide resins should be avoided not to impair their peel bond strengths to silicon-based soft denture liners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guar gum on the rheological behaviors, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptability of soft tofu stew sauce. Five different soft tofu stew sauces were commercially manufactured with various levels of guar gum (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5%). Twelve sensory attributes of the stew sauces were identified by nine trained descriptive panelists, whereas hedonic levels of the stew sauces were assessed by a group of 51 consumers. Steady flow of the stew sauces were measured by a rheometer. Significant differences were observed in terms of sensory saltiness and viscosity among the products. For the consumer test, 0.1% guar gum-added product was most liked by consumers. Partial least square regression showed sensory shellfish, green onion, and shrimp flavors to be key factors affecting overall acceptability for the stew sauces. For rheological behaviors, 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2% guar gum-added products showed newtonian behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model), whereas 0.4 and 0.5% products followed pseudoplastic behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model). Based on the established equivalence table using rheological and consumer data, smaller than 0.0114 ($Pa{\cdot}s$) of the apparent viscosity should be necessary to guarantee 'slightly like' category in a consumer hedonic test. It seems that addition of guar gum not only influenced rheological properties but overall acceptability for the stew sauces.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.358-362
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• 2017

In this study, the optimization of extraction parameters (solvent, temperature, time, solvent concentration) for the maximization of polyphenol extraction was performed to produce value-added food and cosmetic additives using a byproduct of coffee extraction process (coffee residue). All of the extraction parameters evaluated in this experiment had significant effects on polyphenol extraction and the results showed the effect of NaOH concentration on the polyphenol production was most significant among tested parameters. Especially, hot water extraction using acid or base was effective rather than hot-water extraction and the addition of 0.1 mol of NaOH increased 1.5 times extraction concentration compared with hot-water extraction using distilled water. It was found that hot-water extraction with NaOH was more effective than hot-water extraction, and 36.5 mg GAE/g DM was obtained under optimum condition of $100^{\circ}C$, 2 mol of NaOH and 30 min. This result was 2.9 times higher than that of 12.5 mg GAE/g DM obtained from the hot-water extraction before optimization. Thus, coffee residue could be used for food and cosmetic industry as a high-value additive such as antioxidant.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.10-19
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) scheme using relay protocols generally known as Relay Node (RN). The AMC scheme is used for improving the throughput and a reliability of a communication system, because of the nature of different modulation and coding schemes. We analyze the performance of relay protocols with the AMC scheme and observed that relay protocols with the AMC scheme is capable of providing better average throughput at a lower Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) level as compared to the conventional scheme with no AMC. We perform Monte Carlo simulations with Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) parameters to prove the performance comparison of adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) relay protocols with the non-adaptive MCS relay protocols. The simulation results of the proposed system with adaptive MCS prove that among the Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF) and DeModulate-and-Forward (DMF), the DMF protocol performs best at a lower SNR value and also provides better average throughput.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Objectives Firefighters and rescue workers are likely to be exposed to a variety of traumatic events; as such, they are vulnerable to the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a widely used self-report screening tool for PTSD, were assessed in South Korean firefighters and rescue workers. Methods Data were collected via self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews administered to 221 firefighters. Internal consistency, item-total correlation, one-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined. Content validity of the PCL was evaluated using factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to estimate the optimal cutoff point and area under the curve. Results The PCL demonstrated excellent internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.97$), item-total correlation (r = 0.72-0.88), test-retest reliability (r = 0.95), and convergent and divergent validity. The total score of PCL was positively correlated with the number of traumatic events experienced (p < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed two theoretically congruent factors: re-experience/avoidance and numbing/hyperarousal. The optimal cutoff was 45 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.97. Conclusions The Korean version of the PCL may be a useful PTSD screening instrument for firefighters and rescue workers, further maximizing opportunities for accurate PTSD diagnosis and treatment.