• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.25_2
• /
• pp.45-70
• /
• 2015

Master Jeungsan understood a general view of Pungsu but actually he used the theory of Pungsu in his own religious perspective, transcending it. The theory of Pungsu is different. But the fact that it is premised on the principle of 'in and yang', the five-element principle, the Book of Changes, energy thought, and To chugi piyung, etc. is generally recognized. The three important elements of Pungsu are mountain, water, and direction or man. Pungsu has formal principles such as Gallyongbeop, Jangpungbeop, Deuksubeop, Jeonghyeolbeop, Jwahyangbeop, and Hyeongukron. etc. In the late of Joseon, Jeungsan established a new traditional thought, understanding Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, Minganpungsu, etc. However, he reinterpreted them to be suitable to his religious ideal and let his followers understand them as well. In particular, Jeungsan overcame the previous view on earth and expressed a new perspective to enhance earth up to the level of heaven. In the perspective of the traditional world, earth is lower than heaven, but Jeungsan made it a status equal to heaven. He mentioned that in the past, the culture and history of man was influenced by earth's energy but today, at the age of man respect, he put passive man influenced by earth-condition on the more subjective and active status. Even though he mentioned different Pungsu, Hyeongguk, and Hyeolmyeong, he expressed the shape of Pungsu within the construction of three worlds, the one of heaven and earth transcending good or ill luck or a favorable change in fortune. He practised the expedient of Pungsu from the stand of the construction of heaven and earth instead of the usage of Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, and Minganpungsu. He diagnosed that the division of the world is caused by the one of earth and tried to solve it. Moreover, he said that Myeongdang(a propitious site) must be the man-orientation rather than the earth-orientation. It means that Pungsu, stressing the energy of earth and turning one's luck, is changing into the world of man-orientation. In other words, Jeungsan diagnosed the world of Pungsu but he ultimately used Pungsu theory in building up his own view of religious world transcending such a theory.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.58 no.5
• /
• pp.903-941
• /
• 2012

This essay examines Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism focusing on the concepts of 'culture,' 'empire,' and 'nation'. The approach is critical, theoretical, and historical rather than explicatory. Consequently, the range of the essay is not limited to Said's own explanation and argument about Western imperialism and its culture presented in the book. In doing this, this essay finally purposes to be a discursive resistance to the current global empire, the United States, via a critical reading of Said's work. Said's notion of culture is set upon to disclose the function of culture as an apparatus of ideological consent of the dominated to the dominant. When applied to imperial practice, Western culture functions to subject the colonized to the colonizer. Said's geographical approach to imperialism complements the historical understanding of imperialism. Imperialism is not only the practice of Western-centered historicism but also the spatially mutual interaction between the West and the rest of the world. Along with European imperialism, Said poses the current global empire of the United States as his main target of criticism. Said's problem is that he takes the United States as a nation-state. When examined, the United States is not a nation-state, but today's empire. The empire in the appearance of the nation-state United States does not work for the interest of the American nation, that is, the American people. The empire is the transnational and postnational political and economic institution that works for the interest of global capital. In order to resist the current global empire, this essay suggests that the building or restoration of nation-states with its basic principle of people's sovereignty is in need.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.195-228
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to review the mobility-based textual research methods raised in Mobility and Foucault and apply them to textual analysis. This book contains seven articles applying Foucault's terms to mobility studies, giving intellectual stimulation to both studies. Since Foucault examined discipline power operated through the technology of distinguishing between rational/irrational and normal/abnormal, his works seem to a study of closed spaces like prisons. However, the authors of this book note that Foucault's works already had sufficient insight on mobility, and them actively incorporated it into mobility study. When we concentrate Foucault's works on mobility as a governmentality and a dispositif, the tension and dynamics between mobility and immobility are emphasized. And then it is possible to cross the simple dichotomy in mobility studies. This paper analyzes Kim Joong-hyuk's short story 1F/B1 by applying this method. This story describes a building manager who seems to be fixed in a building, but the mobility of him in the story goes through stereotypes and creates new spaces. Kim Hye-jin's short stories also represent mobility that cannot move and hesitates. These stories are important in that they show the mobility as a dispositif that constitutes the subject. When referring to the achievements of Mobility and Foucault, we read this narrative again by paying attention to the dynamics of mobility and immobility in the text. The significance of this paper is that it expands mobility-based textual research anew. While text analysis applying mobility study was usually focused on clearly mobile narratives such as travel statements and diaspora narratives, Mobility and Foucault drives new textual research by paying attention to the relationship between power and mobility, mobility and immobility dynamics. Therefore, this paper is significant in confirming the new meaning of the text revealed when paying attention to the representation of mobility in the narrative that no one seems to be mobile, and seeking to expand the mobility-based textual research method.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2016

Effect of the flame retardants on Dancheong is studied in the present work. Two kinds of flame retardants were applied on Dancheong specimens and compared with control groups on which distilled water was applied instead of the flame retardants. The flame retardants enhanced the hygroscopic property of the surface of Dancheong. Furthermore, the added flame retardants reacted with oyster shell white($CaCO_3$) and lead red($Pb_3O_4$), producing new chemical compounds like Calcium phosphate tribasic and Lead Phosphates which make the painted layer of Dancheong dissolving and whitening over certain period of time. When applied in excessive amount and exposed in repetitive wet and dry condition, especially, they aggravate the surface problems significantly. These results will provide a good reference on the study of the discoloring/whitening effect of Dancheong layers at many traditional wooden building in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.133-164
• /
• 1981

"Jonkyongkak" which King, Sungjong of Yi dynasty established within Sungkyunkwan in 1475 is regarded as the first university library in Korea. On the basis of modern librarianship, however, it is desirable to recognize the fact that Keijo Imperial University Library is really the first university library in Korea. In this thesis, an attempt to study the Korean university libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. Keijo Imperial University Library is the key institution in this study. This study will focus to review the following facts: 1) the historical background of Keijo. Imperial University Library; 2) the organization and staffing pattern, and budget of this library; 3) the acquisition policy and basic collection development plan of this library; 4) the library and other services of this library including readers services; 5) the relationship with other private college libraries; and 6) the impact of this library on the present Seoul National University Library. The followings are the outlined conclusions: 1. Japanese Government had established Keijo Imperial University Library in order to perform the colonial education policy of Korean peninsula. Furthermore, it was one of the import supporting agencies for the research activities which were necessary for Japan to govern the Southeast Asia including Korean Peninsula 2. The organization and staffing size and pattern of this library are much below to those of modern university libraries. They are somewhat below to the level which is necessary to perform the minimum basic library functions. 3. The priorities of book collection of this library are 1) humanities and social sciences especially, materials on Law are much emphasized; 2) pure sciences and 3) technologies and agriculture. Therefore, the quantity of the materials on the field of technology and agriculture is very small. 4. The acquisition policies of this library are deeply influenced by the Japanese Government's colonial policy of Korean peninsula and her aggressive policy of Chinese Continent. 5. The major contribution of this library to the present Seoul National University Library is the transfer of 550,000 volumes of books and library building, but this building is now removed according to the transfer of Seoul National University Campus. 6. The staffing pattern of this library was, however, much ahead of that times. Especially, the facts that professional librarians were eligible to be appointed as the director of this library, and they had the faculty membership including faculty rank should be highly appreciated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2010

This study aims to propose practical strategies for the new urban ideal of regeneration. A book review highlights the emergence of new trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society beyond the new town Ideal of the industrial society. The meaning of ‘landscape’ in landscape urbanism represents not the visual and decorative pictures, but the dynamic process in the context of changes and evolutions. Also, knowledge-information industrial society and landscape have a meaning in the same context of flow and process with changes of velocity. Finally, these key words convey a meaning with the new urban trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society in the context of value-oriented characteristics of dynamics and process. Urban regeneration is emerging as the new urban ideal in the knowledge-information industrial society, beyond the new town ideal of industrial society. It is in the same context as landscape urbanism with respect to green infrastructure buildings and designs for the transformation of urban surfaces covered with concrete and asphalt into the ecological surface, and of the ecological surfaces into the cultural surface that could be communicated with human beings. This research revealed the six strategies for urban regeneration as follows. The First, the strategies for the transformation of urban surfaces into ecological surfaces, the second, the strategies for the transformation of ecological surfaces into cultural surfaces, the third, the introduction of mixed and convergence land use, the forth, the transformation of former sites(e.g. military and factory) into urban parks, the fifth, the introduction of waterfront park zones that have the function of ecological and park-oriented mixed land use and, the sixth, the building and design of green infrastructure in the residential and commercial complex in CBD. These strategies call for the reforms of development laws and regulations to restrict building coverage ratio, building heights, and the introduction of park-oriented mixed zoning regulations. Another method for implementating the above listed strategies was the introduction of a strategic planning system instead of the traditional master plan system. This system uses a value planning approach and brand making by imagery. It is able to construct the meaning of an image and its creativeness directly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to interpret the landscape of Songge Byeoleop(Korean villa) garden at Jogyedong, Bukhansan near Seoul which was built in the mid 17C. to restore through the literature reviews and field surveys. The results were as follows; Songge Byeoleop garden was a royal villa, constructed at King Injo24(1646) of Joseon dynasty by prince Inpyeong(麟坪大君), Lee, Yo(李?, 1622~1658), the third son of King Injo who was a brother of King Hyojong. It was a royal villa, Seokyang-lu under Mt. Taracsan of Gyendeokbang, about 7km away in the straight line from main building. It was considered that the building system was a very gorgeous with timber coloring because of owner's special situation who was called the great prince. The place of Songge Byeoleop identity and key landscape of the place were consisted with Gucheon waterfall and the sound of the water with multi-layered waterfall which might be comparable to the waterfall of Yeosan in China. After the destruction of the building, the place was used for the royal tomb quarry, but there was a mark stone for forbidden quarry. The Inner part of Songge Beoleop, centered with Jogedongcheon, Chogye-dong, composted beautifully with the natural sceneries of Gucheon waterfall, Handam and Changbeok, and artificial structures, such as Bihong-bridge, Boheogak, Yeonghyudang and Gyedang. In addition, the existing Chinese characters, 'Songge Beoleop' and 'Gucheoneunpog' carved in the rocks are literary languages and place markings symbolizing with the contrast of the different forests and territories. They gave the names of scenery to the rock and gave meaning to them. Particularly, Gucheon waterfall which served as a visual terminal point, is a cascade type with multi-staged waterfall. and the lower part shows the topographical characteristics of the Horse Bowl-shaped jointed with port-holes. On the other hand, the outer part is divided into the spaces for the main entrance gate, a hanging bridge character, a bridge connecting the inside and the outside, and Yeonghyudang part for the purpose of living. Also in the Boheogak area, dual view frame structures are made to allow the view of the four sides including the width and the perimeter of the villa. In addition, at the view point in Bihong-bridge, the Gucheon water fall divides between the sacred and profane, and crosses the Bihong-bridge and climbs to the subterranean level.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.55
• /
• pp.265-291
• /
• 2014

Cheongeumrok is the journal of Gwonwoo(卷宇) Hong Chan-yu(1915-2005) during the period of January 9, 1969~January 14, 1982. He was personally involved in the foundation of a corporation called Yudohoi and also all of its operation, which makes him the most knowledgeable person about its history. His Cheongeumrok thus seems worthy enough as a proper material to arrange its history. Cheongeumrok consists of total 19 books, amounting to approximately 3,300 pieces of squared manuscript paper containing 200 letters per piece. He wrote it in Chinese and sometimes followed the Hangul-style word order while writing in Chinese. Many parts of the manuscript were written in a cursive hand with many Chinese poems embedded throughout it. The manuscript offers major information related to the corporation Yudohoi extracted from his journal. 1. There was a meeting of promoters to commemorate the foundation of the corporation in November, 1968, and it was in January, 1969 that it was established after getting a permit from the Ministry of Culture and Communication in January, 1969(Permit No. of Ministry of Culture and Communication: Da(다)-2-3(Jongmu(宗務)1732.5)). 2. Its office was moved from the original location of the 3rd floor of Wonnam Building, 133-1 Wonnam-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul(currently Daekhak Pharmacy in front of Seoul National University Hospital) to Room 388 of Gwangjang Company, 4 Yeji-dong, Jongro-gu(office of Heungsan Social Gathering) and to second floor of KyungBo building, 21 Kyansu-dong, and to 3rd floor of Geongguk Building in Gyeongwoon-dong. 3. Its operational costs were covered by the supports of Seong Sang-yeong, the eldest son of Seong Jong-ho, the chairman of the board, later Kim Won-tae and Gwon Tae-hun, next chairmen of the board, and Hong Chan-yun, a director, since 1979. 4. His Confucian activities include participating in Seonggyungwan Seokjeonje (成均館 釋奠), joining in the erection of the Parijangseo(巴里長書) Monument and the publication of its commemorative poetry book, compiling the biographies(not completed) of Confucian patriotic martyrs for independence, and participating in the establishment of family rituals and regulations as a practice member. 5. His Yudohoi had a dispute with Seonggyungwan and lost a suit at the High Court in July, 1975 and Supreme Court in February, 1976. 6. There were discussions about its unification with Seonggyungwan Yudohoi, but there was hardly any progress. 7. Yudohoi started to provide full-scale courses on Confucian and Chinese classics under the leadership of Director Hong Chan-yu in 1979, and they have continued on today. Its courses for scholarship students including those for common citizens boast a history of 29 years and 220 graduates.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.72-94
• /
• 2022

This study is about the architectural changes over time in Dongchun-gotaek, the house of Song Jun-gil, one of the representative figures of the Hoseosarim(湖西士林), also an architectural cultural asset representing Daejeon. Data related to Sangryang(上樑) found in the restoration process of Dongchundang(同春堂) and DongchundangJongtaek(同春堂 宗宅), the state designated heritage application report written by Daejeon Metropolitan City, Deokeun-gaseung(德恩家乘), a book which has been handed down from generation to generation from Dongchundang Munjeonggongpa(同春堂 文正公派) of Eunjin Song's Clan and the results of partial excavation surveys respectively conducted in 2010 and 2020 were used as basic research data, and these data were compared and analyzed to examine the changes of the arrangement of Dongchundang, Jeongchim(正寢), and ancestral shrine buildings. Dongchundang was built by Song Jun-Gil. Rather than a new building, it was a building that was basically relocated to its current area when Cheongjwawa(淸坐窩), which was built by his father, dilapidated, and the timing of its construction can be clarified through Sangryangmun(上樑文). However, in the estimated area of Cheongjwawa, no exact site was found in two surveys of buried cultural heritages. In the case of Jeongchim, it was possible to confirm that it had been relocated two times, and it can be said that the biggest achievement of this study was to confirm that the first relocation was outside the current fence. In addition, one of the building sites which was identified in the excavation survey for confirming the servants' quarters was estimated to be the first construction at the site of Dongchun-gotaek. In the shrine area, there were the first constructed Gamyo(家廟), including Byeolmyo(別廟) dedicated to Bulcheonwi(不遷位), and Jomyo(祧廟) dedicated to Checheon(遞遷), and it can be seen that it was a space where many changes such as new construction, demolition, or mutual exchange of location occurred over time. The present buildings arrangement through these processes was not far from the original plan of Song Joon-gil. Therefore, the name of 'Dongchun-gotaek' is appropriate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.709-723
• /
• 2013

This study aims to diagnose the present condition of the Digital comics industry, including the "webtoon", which is receiving attention as the new Korean wave (Hallyu) cultural content, and explore ways to vitalize these contents. Considering the fact that the distribution rate of smart devices in Korea is the highest in the world as of June 2013, and that comics as contents have been known to show the easiest and fastest adaptation to changes in the media, the Digital comics industry is certainly an area with high expected growth, but its actual size of the industry shows a very low growth rate compared to other digital contents. This study analyzes the present condition of the Digital comics industry through theoretical and precedent study, and deducts 7 major factors that inhibit the growth of Digital comics industry by summing up the industry structure through making surveys of major businesses in the industry. Further, problems and possible solutions of the digital comics industry are discussed through in-depth interviews with total 10 digital comics industry experts. Building a ecosystem based charged service, realizing a total management system, government support and improvements on restrictions are discussed as solutions to a sustained growth of the Digital comics industry.