• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.209-229
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition of "Jung Pung(中風)" mentioned in "Jae-Byoung-Won-Hu-Ron(諸病源候論)" The conclusion would be summerized as follows. 1. "Pung Byoung(風病)" is a symptom that man was damaged by "Pung Chi(風氣)", which is a wide meaning inclusive of cloudiness of conscious, apasia and the limbs disorder of "Jung Pung(中風)", "Bi 痺symptom", "Yeuk Jeil Pung(歷節風)", the skin disease, psychopathy and leprosy. 2. In cause of "Jung Pung(中風)", this book was received the theory of invasion of "Pung Sa (風邪)" from outside claimed in "Nae Kyoung(內經)", "Kum Gaeu Yo Rak(金?要略)", but in a viewpoint of "Hyel Chi(血氣)", "Young Yui(營衛)" and "Bi Yui Heo Sil(脾胃虛實)", especially, insists on the weakness of "Bi Yui(脾胃)" function. 3. In the pathology of "Jung Pung(中風)", there was a recognition that symptoms appear following each "Jang Bu(臟腑)" invaided and changed by a way of "Kyoung Rak Jang Bu(經絡臟腑)", because "Pung Sa(風邪)" invades the space of the skin, disturbs the circulation of "Hyel Chi(血氣)" in a inner and isn't given out in a outer. 4. Thereare, , , , , in the symptoms of "Jung Pung(中風)" and ", , , , , , in the similar symptoms of "Jung Pung(中風)". 5. The principle of treatement is "getting sweating, helping the insufficent energy and diminishing the sufficent energy", but the presciption isn't mentioned and "Do-in Method(導引法)" was recorded after each symptom because of taking a serious view of "Bo-Yang-Sun-Do(補養宣導)" 6. The prognosis of "Jung Pung(中風)"is suggested in a view of pulse diganosis, symptoms and is bad in case of appearance of no sweating, rigidity, vomitting a bubble and apasia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Objectives : Ojeoksan, originally recorded in an ancient Korean medicinal book named "Donguibogam" and has been used for the treatment of circulation disorder of blood which was called blood accumulation (血積) in Korean medicine. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effect of OJS on vascular inflammation in HUVECs. Methods : We evaluated the effect of OJS on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and protective role in HUVEC stimulated by TNF-${\alpha}$ by using Western blot. Results : Pretreatment with OJS decreased the adhesion of HL-60 cells to TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HUVEC. OJS suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression level of cell adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and endothelial cell selectin (E-selectin). Moreover, OJS significantly decreased TNF-${\alpha}$-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); and inhibited the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ in the cytoplasm compared to the experimental group. Pretreatment with OJS inhibited the trans-location of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 to the nucleus. OJS also inhibited phosphorylation of MAPKs compared to the experimental group. OJS significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Conclusions : Ojeoksan has a protective effect on vascular inflammation, and might be a potential therapeutic agent for early atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2015

In the 1920s, the period of cultural governance ruled by Japan, the diverse media were founded and various events were conducted to boost circulation. Under the Japanese colonial period in 1920s, a number of media - newspapers and magazines - were published and often they carried out entertaining events in order to obtain more subscribers. A hobby magazine, Samchunri, for instace, set up a media event to selecting Korea's eight beautiful scenary (Bandopalgyong) for the first edition in 1929. The paper aims to analyse and understand the perception of landscape in 1929 through the media event carried out by Samchunri. In particular, the selection was made by well-known writers within Japanese colonial period 1910 - 1945). The selection process and views from the writers on landscape were analysed; firstly, the selection of Bandopalgyong was carried out by questionnaires to writers in 1929 where Korea is under Japanese colonial rules. The conditions of the selection were unknown; however, the purpose was enlightening the people specially the youngs and introduction of beautiful places in Korea. As a result, views and opinions on Bandopalgyong by the writers were progressed. Secondly, within the Bandopalgyong, the natural landscape areas include Gumgansan(金剛山), Daedonggang(大洞江), Buyeo(扶餘), Gyongju(慶州), Myongsasipri (明沙十里), Haundae(海雲臺), Baekdusan(白頭山), and Choksukru(矗石樓). Those chosen places were not cohesive nor did not have any consistant reasons to be chosen in terms of size and location; however, some writers claimed that there were other places to match the chosen ones and therefore, the selection process was highly dependent on access (i.e. transport). Thirdly, the travelogue on Baekdusan and Nackwhaam(洛花岩) illustrated interesting views on landscape in particular. Baekdusan landscape were described in overlaping with long history and national soul. In the Nackwhaam travelogue, it described 'Buyeo (夫餘) was an ancient capital of Backjae Dynasty and empty place' as well as denying Chosun Dynasty. It was assumed that the two places weren't visited but rewritten with existing literatures. Fourthly, edited by Kim Dong Whan, a travelogue style book, 'Bandosanha' was published in 1941. It did repeat the selection of Bandopalgyong, but this time, it was classified the eight beautiful landscape into two categories; historic/cultural places and natural landscape. This paper was able to analyse and understand the perception of landscape in 1929 through the travelogue of Samchunri. It is an empirical study on the process and perception on Korea landscape under Japanese colonical period by views of the selected writers.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develope and apply NIE programs related to sub-chapter 'The Change of Weather and Circulation of Water' in 2nd grade science text book of middle school, and thereby to investigate the effects of NIE approach on science-related attitude and teaming achievement of students, and interaction between treatment methods and students' learning ability. Subjects consisted of 2nd grade students of four classes in a girls middle school located at the southern part of Seoul. Four classes were divided into experimental and control groups by two classes randomly. The experimental groups have been instructed on the related-general concepts for six times and then received seven NIE programs developed by researcher for seven times. The control groups have received the instruction through the conventional teaching method. The NIE learning has been progressed following the steps using in the Iowa Chautaugua Program, e.g. invite, explore, propose explanation and solutions, and take action. NIE programs, e.g. project studying, topic studying and a crossword puzzle have been developed and applied using 'science first' approach of the STS instruction. Twenty questions related to social implications of science and leisure interest in science within seven frameworks of TOSRA have been used in this study as an evaluation instrument of science-related attitude. Learning achievement has been evaluated using an instrument developed by researcher. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) NIE approach was more effective in progressing learning achievement of middle school students than conventional teaching method (p<.01). (2) Experimental groups show statistically significant improvement on science-related attitude than control groups (p<.01). There were no significant interactions between treatment methods and students' learning ability on learning achievement and leisure interest in science. The NIE approach were more effective than the conventional one on social implications of science, especially to low ability students.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.86-103
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• 2016

'Sukchunjeahdo' illustration-book, which was left by Han, Pil-gyo(韓弼敎 : 1807~1878)in the late Joseon Dynasty, includes pictorial record paintings containing government offices, Eupchi, and Feng Shui condition drawn by Gyehwa(界畵) method Sabangjeondomyobeop(四方顚倒描法) and is the rare historical material that help to understand spatial structure and landscape characteristics. Youngyuhyun(永柔縣) and Sincheongun(信川郡) town, the case sites of this study, show Feng Shui foundation structure and placement rules of government offices in the Joseon Period are applied such as 3Dan 1Myo(三壇一廟 : Sajikdan, Yeodan, Seonghwangdan, Hyanggyo), 3Mun 3Jo(三門三朝 : Oeah, Dongheon, Naeah) and Jeonjohuchim(前朝後寢) etc. by setting the upper and lower hierarchy of the north south central axis. The circulation system is the pattern that roads are segmented around the marketplace of the entrance of the town and the structure is that heading to the north along the internal way leads to the government office and going out to the main street leads to the major city. Baesanimsu(背山臨水 : Mountain in backward and water in front) foundation, back hill pine forest, intentionally created low mountains and town forest etc. showed landscape aesthetics well suited for the environmental comfort condition such as microclimate control, natural disaster prevention, psychological stability reflecting color constancy principle etc. and tower pavilions were built throughout the scenic spot, reflecting life philosophy and thoughts of contemporaries such as physical and mental discipline, satisfied at the reality of poverty, returning to nature etc. For government office landscape, shielding and buffer planting, landscape planting etc. were considered around Gaeksa(客舍), Dongheon(東軒), Naeah(內衙) backyard and deciduous tree s and flowering trees were cultivated as main species and in case of Gaeksa, tiled pavilions and pavilions topped with poke weed in tetragonal pond were introduced to Dongheon and Naeah and separate pavilions were built for the purpose of physical and mental discipline and military training such as archery. Back hill pine tree forest formed back landscape and zelkova, pear trees, willow trees, old pine trees, lotus, flowering trees etc. were cultivated as gardening trees and Feng-Shui forest with willow trees as its main species was created for landscape and practical purposes. On the other hand, various cultural landscape elements etc. were introduced such as pavilions, pond serving as fire protection water(square and circle), stone pagoda and stone Buddha, fountains and wells, monument houses, flagpoles etc. In case of Sincheongun town forest(邑藪), Manhagwan(挽河觀), Moonmujeong(文武井), Sangjangdae(上場岱) and Hajangdae(下場岱) Market place, Josanshup<(造山藪 : Dongseojanglim(東西長林)>, Namcheon(南川) etc. were combined and community cultural park with the nature of modern urban park was operated. In this context, government office landscape shows the garden management aspect where square pond and pavilions, flowering trees are harmonized around side pavilion and backyard. Also, environmental design technique not biased to aesthetics and ideological moral philosophy and comprehensively considering functionality (shielding and fire prevention, microclimate control, etc.) and environmental soundness etc. is working.