• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1998

Noninvasive low intensity ultrasound has been shown to be an effective means of accelerating bone fracture repair in both animal and clinical studies. The effects of ultrasound stimulation on bone repair after fibular osteotomy were assessed in a rabbit fibular fracture model. Bilateral closed fibular fractures were made in skeletally mature male White Japanese rabbits. In this study, 24 subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental group 1 (n=12), and experimental group 2 (n=12). Experimental group 1 received 0.875 MHz continuous ultrasound and Experimental group 2 was treated with 3 MHz continuous u1trasound. The ultrasound intensity was 50 $mW/cm^2$ and treatment time was 10 minutes for every session in both groups. In each rabbit, one fibula served as a control and the other was subjected to ultrasound treatment 5 times per week for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, rabbits were sacrificed and the ratios of the area between the trabeculae and bone marrow of the fibulae were calculated. At the end of the experimental period, 14 of the 24 rabbits were excluded due to complications from surgery or inadequate fracture status for this study. There was no statistically significant difference in the trabeculae area between experimental leg and control leg in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (p>0.05). And there was also no statistic-statistically significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 according to ultrasound treatment frequencies, 0.875 MHz and 3 MHz (p>0.05). These data suggest that in Japanese white rabbits, low intensity ultrasound stimulation does not facilitate fracture repair nor is there any difference in fracture repair results between ultrasound frequencies, 0.875 MHz and 3 MHz.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.294-304
• /
• 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly becoming more prevalent worldwide together with hospital care costs from secondary complications such as bone fractures. Femoral fracture risk is higher in diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the osteometric and microarchitecture of the femur of Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) femur. Ten-week-old male rats (n=38) consisting of 16 control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and 22 ZDSD rats were used. The rats were terminated at 20 weeks and others at 28 weeks of age to assess age, diabetes duration effects and its severity. Bilateral femora were taken for osteometry, bone mass measurements and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography scanning to assess the trabecular number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), spaces (TbSp), bone tissue volume to total volume (BV/TV) and volume (BV). Diabetic rats had shorter (except for 20-weeks-old), lighter, narrower, and less robust bones than SD controls that wered more robust. Although cortical area was similar in all diabatic and control rats, medullary canal area was the largest in ZDSD rats. This means that the diabetic rats bones were short, light and hollow. Diabetic rats aged 20 weeks had reduced BV, BV/TV, TbN with more spacing (TbSp). In contrast, the 28 weeks old diabetic rats only showed reduced BV and TbN. Discriminant function analysis revealed, for the first time, that osteometric parameters and TbTh, TbN, and TbSp were affected by diabetes. This knowledge is valuable in the management of diabetic complications.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.312-323
• /
• 2013

Variables affecting bone heath of growing children were analyzed among forty nine 10-12 year old elementary students in three rural regions of north west Chungnam area. Information on age of the parents, duration of breast feeding and birth weight were collected from the guardians of the participants and nutrient intake and diet quality were assessed by average of three-day food records of participants with the help of dietitians. Bone health status was measured by calceneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Results showed that anthropometic indexes and nutrient intake levels were not different between boys and girls. However, iron intake was significantly lower in girls than in boys. Girls after menarche showed lower intake levels for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin than girls before menarche. z-scores of BMI were lower than -1 and higher than +1 showed shorter breast feeding period than others but the difference was statistically non-significant. Overall, the subjects did not consume enough s of calcium, vitamin C and folic acid. Zinc intake and BMI were the most significant factors affecting BUA by the results of backward elimination in multiple regression models. Phosphorous and beta-carotene intakes showed significant negative relation with BUA. This study showed that children living in the rural area of Chungnam need extra care to keep their health and nutrient intakes especially for the nutrients known to affect growth. Tailored nutrition education needs to be more focused on the improvement of bone health status of children.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the interactions of bone health with several variables such as outdoor activity hours, nutritional status including habitual intake of calcium andvitamin D status in 72 high school girls aged 16-17 yearsattending day classes or night classes. The subjects consisted of 39 day-class students and 33 night-class students. Dietaty nutrient intakes were estimated using the 24-hour recall method. The daily activities of each subject were assessed using an activity questionnaire. Urinary calcium and creatinine excretion were assayed from subjects' 24-hoururine, while 25-OH-vitamin D[25-(OH)-D] and osteocalcin were measured from the subjects' fasting blood. Intake of energy, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C were worse in the night-class students. There was no significant difference in dietary calcium between the subjects in the different class types. Time spent on outdoor activities was significantly less in subjects attending night classes. Urinary calcium excretion of the night-class subjects was significantly higher than that of the day-class subjects (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum 25-(OH)-D level according to class type. Serum osteocalcin for night-class subjects was significantly higher than that for day-class subjects (p<0.01). It appeared that the night-class students had poorer dietary habits as well as fewer outdoor activities. Even though the estimated bone health of both groups of subjects appeared to be normal, the overall nutritional intake and duration of outdoor activities appeared to be important for maintaining bone health and lowering the future risk of osteoporosis.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.362-371
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was implemented to investigate the level of awareness of osteoporosis among urban women. Methods: A survey was conducted with a sample size of 434 adult females who resided in metropolises in Korea such as Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Pusan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Kangwondo, Jeju-do and Jeollanam-do. Osteoporosis Awareness Scale was consisted of five areas with total number of 31 questions. The questionnaire's scale was 1 to 4 point, 4 point being the highest understanding level. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics method. Results: The average awareness level of subjects was 2.38 and significant different depending on participants' age, education level, previous encounter with any information about osteoporosis, preventive behavior of osteoporosis, bone mineral density test, fracture history, diet control experience, and regular exercise. In osteoporosis awareness level by five areas, preventive behaviors 2.76 resulted in the highest score and characteristics of osteoporosis 2.51, bone physiology 2.46, improving bone health 2.38, and risk factors 1.80 followed respectively. Conclusion: We should implement bone health programs from a various perspective in order to raise women's osteoporosis awareness. In addition, We need follow-up studies on whether or not the increase on awareness level actually would result in changing in their behavior.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 2002

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for bone mineralization and osteoblast function. We examined the effects of Zn deficiency on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods: Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured at concentration of 1 to $15{\mu}M$ $ZnCl_2$ (Zn- or Zn+) for 5, 15 and 25 days up to the calcification period. Extracellular matrix mineralization was detected by staining Ca and P deposits using Alizarin Red and von Kossa stain respectively, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by ALP staining and colorimetric method. Results: Extracellular matrix mineralization was decreased in Zn deficiency over 5, 15, and 25 days. Similarly, staining of ALP activity as the sign of an osteoblast differentiation, was also decreased by Zn deficiency over the same period. Interestingly, the gene expression of bone-related markers (ALP, PTHR; parathyroid hormone receptor, OPN; osteopontin, OC; osteocalcin and COLI; collagen type I), and bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 were downregulated by Zn deficiency for 5 or 15 days, however, this was restored at 25 days. Conclusion: Our data suggests that Zn deficiency inhibits osteoblast differentiation by retarding bone marker gene expression and also inhibits bone mineralization by decreasing Ca/P deposition as well as ALP activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2004

We studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on bone mineral density and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline as an index of bone resorption rates in postmenopausal women. A total of 67 postmen-opausal women were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These group were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. Four groups were Placebo-control group (n = 16), Placebo-exercise group (n = 16), Isoflavone-sedentary group (n = 19) and Isofla-vone-exercise group (n = 16). After the intervention, we compared anthropometric mesurement, dietary recall, bone mineral density (femoral neck, lumbar spine), urinary deoxypyridinoline between the groups and between the pre and post studies. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average age, height, weight, period after menopause at the baseline. The average age of the subjects were 55.2 yrs, average height, weight, period after menopause were 154.7 cm, 59.3 kg, 5.58 yrs, respectively. After eight week intervention period, there were no significant differences between the four groups in bone mineral density, but urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased both in Isoflavone-sedentary and Isoflavone-Exercise groups. These results suggest that Isofla-vone supplementation alone or with exercise may be preventive measures through the decrease of bone reabsorption rate in post-menopausal subjects. Whereas exercise alone did not appear to be an effective measure in bone loss with these subjects.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2006

Endosseous implants have restored normal function and dental health to many patients. When implants were introduced as an effective treatment modality, their efficacy was limited by the amount of available bone. Today, various grafting procedures can surgically create bone width and volume. Implants can be placed in more ideal locations for successful prosthetic reconstruction. The use of autogenous bone grafts represents the "gold standard" for bone augmentation procedures. Either intraoral or extraoral sites may be considered for donor sites. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone block, can be done during implant placement or staged with implant placement, after bone graft healing. In the staged technique, a better implant positioning and the use of wide diameter implants are possible. Alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous block graft is a predictable way of treatment, for the atrophic alveolar ridge before implant placement. The cases presented in this article clinically demonstrate the efficacy of using a autogenous block graft in generating effective new bone fill for dental implant placement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to observe the effect of vitamin K on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women recruited for this one-month, double-blind controlled study. Before and after daily administration of 1.0mg of phylloquinone the levels of serum vitamin K, osteocalcin, under-carboxylated osteocalcin, and urinary deoxy-phyidinoline were measured. The serum vitamin K concentration of Koran women as well as the average dietary intake of vitamin K was shown to be higher than the average levels of foreign women. However, no correlation between serum vitamin K concentration and vitamin K intake was found. Also, serum vitamin K concentration showed no special correlation with either bone mineral density or bone turnover markers in the study group. However, women with low serum vitamin K concentration(vitamin K-low group)had lower bone mineral density levels. After supplementation with 1.0mg/day of vitamin K, there were no changes in the levels of serum vitamin K, osteocalcin, ucOC, or u-DPD. Vitamin K supplementation did not seem to have any positive effects on bone metabolism through carboxylation. It can, however, be expected that vitamin K supplementation has a positive effect on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with especially low serum vitamin K concentrations.