• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.192-203
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• 2019

A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) ${\times}$ 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to find the effects of calcium aluminate cement($CaO\;{\cdot}\;Al_2O_3$, CAC), which has been developed with bio-compatibility and mechanical properties, in biological environments. Two different particle sizes of CAC - 3.5${\mu}m$ vs. 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$ which is recommended in periodontal bone grafting procedures-were filled in 8mm calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rat. The specimens were examined histologically, especially the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissues. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory cells were observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and dura mater were continuously joined together in the defect areas. But in the center of defect area were filled up with the loose connective tissues. 2. In the experimental group l($212{\mu}m{\sim}250{\mu}m$ particle), immature bone was formed and outermost layer was surrounded by osteoid layer at 2 weeks. Osteoblasts were arranged between immature bone and osteoid layer. And, osteoid layer was remained until 8 weeks after surgery. 3. In the experimental group 2, periosteum and dura mater lost its continuity at 2 weeks. Scattering of CAC particles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed, which this findings deepened at 8 weeks. The result of this study shows that when calvarial defects in white rats are filled with calcium aluminate cement of 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$, the materials are to be bio-compatible in growth and healing on surrounding tissues. When further researches are fulfilled, such as direct bone adhesion and bone regeneration ability, it's possible that CAC could be applied to various periodontology fields in the future.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2012

This study is to assess the effect of preload level on the stress development at the marginal cortical bone surrounding implant neck. A finite element model was created for a single implant placed in the lower jaw bone. An external load of 100N was applied on the top of abutment at 30 degree with the implant axis in lingo-buccal direction. Five different preloads, i.e. 0, 200, 400, 600, 800N were applied to the abutment stem to investigate if and/or how the preload affects on the marginal bone stress. Differences in the marginal bone stress were recorded depending on the level of preload. On the other hand, the tensile stress on the marginal cortical bone decreased in models of higher preload. Preloads between abutment/fixture can increase compressive stresses in the marginal cortical bone although the amount may be insignificant as compared to those generated by functional forces.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.418-424
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• 2017

Magnesium has a higher specific strength than other metals and is widely used industry wide due to its excellent vibration absorption ability and electromagnetic wave shielding property.For example, it is used for automobile parts such as car seat frames and cylinder heads, and is widely used in electronic products such as notebook cases and mobile phone cases. In addition, it is in the spotlight as a bone-implant material used to assist in the treatment of damaged bones when the bones are cracked or broken. Currently, Ti alloy, stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloy are used as the implant material, and the Mg alloy remains in research stage. The current problem with bone implant implants is that the patients must undergo reoperation to remove the implants after joint surgery. Magnesium, however, can achieve sufficient strength compared to current materials. In addition, since it is self-decomposed after the recovery, reoperation is not necessary. In this paper, Mg alloys were designed by adding harmless Ca and Zn to the human body. In order to improve the strength and corrosion resistance, the final alloy was designed by adding a small amount of Sr as a grain refiner. The radioactive elements of Sr are harmful to the human body, but other naturally occurring Sr elements are harmless. Microstructure analysis of the alloys was performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics were evaluated by tensile test, potentiodynamic test and immersion test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.933-938
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to study the laying performance, shell quality, bone mineralization, hatchability of eggs and performance of progeny (weight at day one and 14 d of age, P content in day old chick, leg score and survivability of chicks) of synthetic broiler breeders fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.2 g/kg diet) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (30 g/kg) in a maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diet were tested. Levels of dicalcium phosphate, shell grit and deoiled rice bran were adjusted to achieve the desired levels of NPP and Ca. Each level of NPP was fed with a weighed quantity of feed (160 g/b/d) to 40 female broiler breeders from 25 to 40 weeks of age housed in individual cages. Each bird was considered as a replicate. Egg production, feed/egg mass, body weight, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg specific gravity, serum Ca content and tibia breaking strength were not influenced (p>0.05) by the variation in dietary NPP levels tested. Increasing the dietary levels of NPP did not influence the hatchability of eggs, phosphorus (P) contents both in egg yolk and day old chick, chick body weight at day one and 14 d of age, leg score and survivability of chicks up to 14 d of age. Maximum response ($p{\leq}0.01$) in shell breaking strength, tibia ash and serum inorganic P contents were observed at NPP levels of 2.09, 2.25 and 3.50 g per kg diet, respectively. The retention of Ca increased, while the P retention decreased ($p{\leq}0.01$) with increasing dietary levels of NPP. Though maximum responses in shell breaking strength, bone ash and serum inorganic P were observed at NPP higher than 1.2 g/kg diet, the broiler breeder performance in terms of egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and progeny performance and their survivability was not influenced by dietary NPP concentrations. It is concluded that synthetic broiler breeders maintained in cages do not require more than 1.2 g NPP/kg diet with a daily intake of 192 mg NPP/b/d during 24 to 40 weeks of age.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Macroscopic and especially microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implants. Dental implants with modified surfaces have shown stronger osseointegration than implants which are only turned (machined). Advanced surface modification techniques such as anodic oxidation and Ca-P application have been developed to achieve faster and stronger bonding between the host bone and the implant. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of titanium dental implant on implant stability after insertion using the rabbit tibia model. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three test groups were prepared: sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) implants, anodic oxidized implants, and anodized implants with Ca-P immersion. The turned implants served as control. Twenty rabbits received 80 implants in the tibia. Resonance frequencies were measured at the time of implant insertion, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of healing. Removal torque values (RTV) were measured 2 and 4 weeks after insertion. RESULTS. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of implants for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) increased significantly (P <. 05) during 2 weeks of healing period although there were no significant differences among the test and control groups (P >. 05). The test and control implants also showed significantly higher ISQ values during 4 weeks of healing period (P < .05). No significant differences, however, were found among all the groups. All the groups showed no significant differences in ISQ values between 2 and 4 weeks after implant insertion (P >. 05). The SLA, anodized and Ca-P immersed implants showed higher RTVs at 2 and 4 weeks of healing than the machined one (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION. The surface-modified implants appear to provide superior implant stability to the turned one. Under the limitation of this study, however, we suggest that neither anodic oxidation nor Ca-P immersion techniques have any advantage over the conventional SLA technique with respect to implant stability.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.705-714
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• 1995

Due to the great deal of effort that has gone into the study of osteoclastic differentiation and activation over the last few decades, the mechanisms of these two events have been discovered gradually. Nitric oxide($NO^-$), which is produced from arginine by a nitric oxide synthase, opened up a new area of biological research. Recently, it has been reported that $NO^-$ is produced by osteoblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and several other cytokines. In this study, the effect of sodium nitroprusside(SNP), a donor of nitric oxide($NO^-$), on osteoclast-like cell formation and on mature osteoclast function was examined. To determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of SNP decreased not only the basal $^{45}Ca$ release but also thee bone resorption induced by PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3\;(1,25[OH]_{2}D_3)$. The inhibitory effect of SNP on bone resorption induced by PTH appeared 2 dyas after treatment, whereas SNP effect on inhibiting bone resorption induced by $1,25[OH]_{2}D_3$ appeared at the thhird days. When chicken and rat osteeoclasts were cultured on dentin slices, treatment of $300{\mu}M$ SNP resulted in a significant decrease in dentin resorption by osteoclasts in terms of total resolution area and average individual area. We also examind the effect of SNP on formation of osteoclast-like cells that is TRAP-positive multinucleated cells from chicken and rat bone marrow cells in the presence or absence of $10^{-8}\;M\;1,25[OH]_{2}D_3$. The addition of $300{\mu}M$ SNP inhibiteed the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. The present data suggest that SNP, possibly as a $NO^-$ donor, inhibits the osteoclastic differentiation and osteoclastic activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Cheongawongagam on osteoporosis rat. A total of 35 rats were divided into seven groups; Normal control(SD-Nr), experimental control group(OVX-CTL), positive control group(OVX-17β-E2) and herb extracts group[Eucommia ulmoides(OVX-EU-E), Juglandis semen(OVX-JR-SE), Acanthopanax senticosus(OVX-AS-E) extract and Cheongawongagam extracts(OVX-JAEG-E)]. All control group, and herb extracts group were ovariectomized. After the 3 weeks recovery period, herb extract group were orally administered 200 mg / kg of the EU-E, JR-SE, AS-E and JAEG-E for 12 weeks. In the OVX-CTL, 17β-estradiol(E2) was administered subcutaneously on the back of the rats at a dose of 0.03 ug/sc. Their body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), calcium (Ca), estradiol, osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) concentration were measured. Also, we investigated mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokine, MMP-2, MMP-9, and bone tissue. As a result, total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the OVX-AS-E and OVX-JAEG-E. ALP was significantly increased and osteocalcin, DPD was significantly decreased in OVX-JAEG-E. The expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, LTB4, COX-2, NOS-2), inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and MMP-9 mRNA were significantly decreased in OVX-JAEG-E. Histologic examination of the femur showed that bone mineral density, and bone mass were increased and bone marrow were decreased in the OVX-JAEG-E group. The above experiment shows that cheongawongagam extract were effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among calcium intake, blood parameters related with bone metabolism, and serum lipids in healthy adults on self-selected diet. Subjects were consisted of 40 female college students residing in Chungnam. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake measurements and blood collection were conducted. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphates, leucine amino peptidase, BUN, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and lipids were measured by biochemical analyzer and ICP spectrometer. The results were as follows. The mean age of subjects was 22.34 years and weight, height and BMI were 52.89kg, 161.29cm and 20.34, respectively. The daily mean energy and calcium intakes were 81.75% and 64.38% of RDA. The mean animal 1:2. The mean serum concentrations were 6.54g/dl(total protein), 4.12g/dl(albumin), 123.24U/(alkaline phosphates), 36.59U/l(leucine amino peptidase), 8.26mg/dl(calcium), 3.29mg/dl(inorganic phosphorus), 60.73mg/dl(triglyceride), 138.49mg/dl(total cholesterol), 65.95mg/dl(HDL-cholesterol), and 60.39mg/dl(LDL-cholesterol). There were no significant differences among calcium intake, bone metabolism parameters, and serum lipids when analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. More systematic studies are required to investigate the roles of calcium in healthy persons on self-selected diets containing different levels of calcium.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.370-374
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• 2016

Background: Many menopausal women suffer from health problems including metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. Thus they need natural products and functional foods particularly highly nutritional food products, that can help alleviate these diseases. This study was carried out to determine the effect of Drynariae Rhizoma water extract on the lipid and bone metabolism of ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods and Results: The animals were randomly divided into six dietary groups comprising SHAM-operated rats, OVX rats (normal diet), and OVX-DR rats (Drynariae Rhizoma extract). After 8 weeks, plasma, liver, and fat samples were collected to analyze the lipid metabolism, plasma Ca, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) concentrations, which are biochemical makers of bone metabolism. The left femurs of rats were also collected for histological analyses. OVX counteracted menopause induced body weight gain, as well as increases in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids. The Drynariae Rhizoma group showed low levels of triglycerides, high HDL-cholesterol, and decreased lipogenesis based on activity of the lipid-regulating enzymes (fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme). Decreased serum levels of ALP and osteocalcin were observed in Drynariae Rhizoma group. Conclusions: The results of this study show that Drynariae Rhizoma extract may effectively regulate hyperlipidemia and improve bone density.