• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

A general earthquake resistant design philosophy of ductile frame buildings allows beams to form plastic hinges adjacent to beam-column connections. In order to carry out this design philosophy, the ultimate bond or shear strength of the beam should be greater than the flexural yielding force and should not degrade before reaching its required ductility. The behavior of RC members dominated by bond or shear action reveals a dramatic reduction of energy dissipation in the hysteretic response due to the severe pinching effects. In this study, a method was proposed to predict the deformability of reinforced concrete members with short-span-to-depth-ratios, which would result in bond failure after flexural yielding. Repeated or cyclic loading produces a progressive deterioration of bond that may lead to failure at lower cyclic bond stress levels. Accumulation of bond damage is caused by the propagation of micro-cracks and progressive crushing of concrete in front of the lugs. The proposed method takes into account bond deterioration due to the degradation of concrete in the post yield range. In order to verify bond deformability of the proposed method, the predicted results were compared with the experimental results of RC members reported in the technical literature. Comparisons between the observed and calculated bond deformability of the tested RC members showed reasonably good agreement.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.304-311
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength on dentin of bonding agents based on glass ionomer cements, and to establish the appropriate method of bonding which has biological safety and decrease the pulpal damage. Fuji Bond LC, Advance, All Bond 2 and Scotchbond Multipurpose were applicated on occlusal dentin layer in acrylic resin block. Each group was composed of 10 specimens and the shear bond strenth between dentin layer and composite resin was measured with the Universal Testing Machine and analyzed. The result were as follows: 1. When using ANOVA and Scheffe' s multiple range test, there were not statistical differences among the four group. (P < 0.05) 2. The shear bond strength was high in the order of C, D, A. B and bond strength of group B showed relatively lower. 3. In digital image processing, there were not significant differences on morphology of failure surface.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.800-817
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• 1996

In this study, we tried to evaluate the effect of Amalgambond liner application on the degree of marginal leakage and retention of amalgam restoration by comparing with that of the Copalite and All-bond 2. The results obtained from this experiment were as follows; 1. Tensile strength representing the bond between amalgam and tooth structure was the highest in Amalgambond, and All-Bond 2, Copalite in descending order. There were statistically significant difference between each group(P<0.05). 2. The degree of microleakage in Amalgambond was lower than that of All-Bond 2, and Copalite, but no stastically significant difference could be found (P>0.05). 3. The liner such as Amalgambond or All-Bond 2 were evaluated to be superior to the conventional Copalite in bond strength as well as in microleakage. But the result of this study could not show the superiority of one material over the others; Amalgambond and All-bond 2. Besides the results of the study, other factors, such as practical convenience, should be considered in determining the selection of material. The support of welldesigned clinical studies on this subject are in demand.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to evaluate moisture sensitivity of various asphalt mixtures and to suggest an alternate method for the dynamic immersion test, which is used to determine the application of anti-stripping agent, by analyzing bond strength. METHODS : The bond strength of various asphalt mixtures such as hot mix asphalt, warm mix asphalt, and polymer-modified asphalt was evaluated by the ABS test. In order to characterize moisture sensitivity at different temperatures of the mixtures, the ABS test was conducted at $-10^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, and $54^{\circ}C$ under both dry and wet conditions. The concept of the bond strength ratio was applied for objective moisture sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the bond strength characteristic was compared to the dynamic immersion test to suggest an alternate method to determine the application of anti-stripping agent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, the polymer-modified asphalt demonstrates the highest bond strength characteristic regardless of moisture condition and temperature. The bond strength characteristic displays a highly reliable linear relationship from $5^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$, and the relationship could be used to predict bond strength at any intermediate temperature. Based on the analysis of bond strength and retained asphalt ratio, the bond strength value of 1254 kPa could be applied as a criterion for anti-stripping agent.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.416-425
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of glass ionomer cements and compomer according to dentin surface treatment method. The materials used in this study were dentin conditioner and cavity conditioner for dentin treatment: Ketacfil, Fuji II LC, and Dyract for restoration. In this study, 90 sound bovine teeth were selected and then the teeth were embeded in improved stone and were grounded with 400 to 600 grit silicon carbide paper to create a flat dentin surfaces. The teeth were divided into nine groups as follows ; Group 1A : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Ketacfil after no treatment Group 1B : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Ketacfil after applicating dentin conditioner Group 1C : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Ketacfil after applicating cavity conditioner Group 2A : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Fuji II LC after no treatment Group 2B : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Fuji II LC after applicating dentin conditioner Group 2C : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Fuji II LC after applicating cavity conditioner Group 3A : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Dyract after no treatment Group 3B : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Dyract after applicating dentin conditioner Group 3C : Samples bonded to dentin surface with Dyract after applicating cavity conditioner Treated dentin surfaces were observed under SEM. After filling of each materials, shear bond strenth was evaluated and then debonded surfaces were observed under SEM. The following results were obtained; 1. The shear bond strengths obtained were decreased as Fuji II LC, Dyract, Ketacfil in that order and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. About Group 1. the shear bond strengths were decreased as 1C, 1B and 1A in that order. But there was no significant difference between group 1B and 1C (p<0.05). 3. About Group 2, the shear bond strengths were decreased as group 2B, 2A and 2C in that order. And there was significant difference between group 2B and 2C (p<0.05). 4. About Group 3, the shear bond strengths were decreased as group 3A, 3C and 3B in that order. And there was signicant difference between group 3A and 3B (p<0.05). 5. As a result of observation under SEM, the fracture patterns of Fuji II LC and Dyract were adhesive failures, but those of Ketacfil were cohesive failure of material and mixture of cohesive and adhesive failure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.781-789
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride relasing orthodontic sealant on the shear bond strength of light-and chemical-cured orthodontic rosins, to compare the shear bond strenth with light-and chemical-cured orthodontic resins, and to identify the changes of shear bond strength by rebonding in vitro. The brackets were divided into eight groups. Each group of metal brackets had different bonding mechanisms with adhesives. Group A : Transbond only Group B : Mono-Lok 2 only Group C : Light cured FluoroBond+Transbond Group D : Light cured FluoroBond+Mono-Lok 2 Group E : Transbond only(rebonded) Group F : Nomo-Lok 2 only(rebonded) Group G : Light cured FluoroBond+Transbond(rebonded) Group H : Light cured FluoroBond+Mono-Lok 2(rebonded) 65 extracted human premolars were prepared for bonding and 65 metal brackets for each group were bonded to prepared enamel surfaces of buccal surfaces as the above prescription. 24 hours bonding after, the Instron universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength of metal brackets to enamel. After debonding, same kind of metal brackets for each group were rebonded to prepared enamel surfaces of buccal surfaces to test the shear bond strength at the rebonding to enamel. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out Student's t-test ANOVA test, and Scheffe test using $SPSS/PC^+$ The results were as follows : 1. The order of shear bond strength was Group B(11.84MPa), Group A(10.75MPa), Group, D(9.69MPa), and Group C(9.39MPa)in lst bonded groups. 2. The order of shear bond strength was Group E(7.40MPa), Group G(6.48MPa), Group F(5.89MPa), and Group H(5.15MPa) in rebonded groups. 3. The shear bond strength of chemical cured orthodontic rosins had higher than that of light-cured orthodontic resins in all groups, but there was no statistical significance between groups(P>0.05). 4. In rebonded groups, the shear bond strength of light cured orthodontic rosins had higher than that of chemical cured orthodontic resins, but there was no statistical significance between groups(P>0.05). 5. The shear bond strength of all rebonded groups progressively decreased than that of 1st bonded groups, and there was statistical significance between groups(p<0.05, p<0.001).

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Because of several advantages of mortar-filled sleeve splice in reinforced concrete buildings, this method is being applied increasingly at construction sites and various methods of the splice have been developed in Korea and other countries. In order to apply this system in the field, studies on mortar-filled sleeve splice have been mainly experimental research focused on overall structural performance. However, for understanding the structural characteristics of this splice more accurately, we need to study the confining effect of sleeve, which is known to affect bond strength between filling mortar and reinforcing bar, the most important structural elements of the bar splice. Thus, in order to examine the confinement effect of mortar-filled steel pipe sleeve splice, the present study prepared actual-size specimens of steel pipe sleeve splice, and conducted a loading. Using the test results, we analyzed how the confining effect of steel pipe sleeve affects the bond strength of this splice and obtained data for developing more reasonable methods of designing the splice of reinforcement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1893-1897
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• 2008

We have performed DFT calculations to investigate the conformational characteristics and hydrogen bonds of the p-tert-butylcalix[5]arene (1) and p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (2). The structures of different conformers of 1 were optimized by using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method. The relative stability of the various conformers of 1 is in the following order: cone (most stable) > 1,2-alternate > partial-cone > 1,3-alternate. The relative stability of four conformers of 2 is in the following order: cone (most stable) > partial-cone > 1,2-alternate > 1,3-alternate. The primary factor affecting the relative stabilities of the various conformers of the 1 and 2 are the number and strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen-bond distances are discussed based on different calculation methods.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.335-348
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• 1996

Retention is one of the major factors deciding the success and longevity of resin bonded restorations. The purpose of this study was to find a better resin cement and metal surface treatment method that would enhance the bonding strength. The bonding surfaces of Verabond, one of Ni-Cr-Be alloys, were treated with sandblasting(Group 1), sandblasting and EZ-Oxisor(Group 2), sandblasting and silicoating(Group 3), and than thay were bonded with All-Bond C & B, Panavia 21, Superbond C & B. The specimens were thermocycled, and the tensile bond strength was measured using the unive-rsal testing machine. Also the mode of bond failure was observed. The results were as folows. 1. The Superbond C & B showed the highest bond strength among the three resin cements and decreased in the order of Panavia 21, All-Bond C & B. There was significant differe-nce among them(p<0.05). 2. Group 3 showed the highest bond strength among the three metal surface treatment methods, and there was significant difference compared with Group 1 and Group 2(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2. 3. Observing the mode of bond failure, Superbond C & B and Panavia 21 showed mostly cohesive failure in all groups. All-Bond C & B showed all types of bond failure in Group 3, but Group 1 and Group 2 showed only adhesive failure. 4. According to the results of this study, the silicoating method and 4-META containing resin cement were considered to be more acceptable for resin bonded restoration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2002

The structures of 1-fluorosilatrane and the silatranyl cation were calculated by Hartree-Fock (HF), Mofller-Plesset second order (MP2), and various density functional theory (DFT) methods using many different basis sets, demonstrating that the Si-N bonds in two species are quite different. The N${\rightarrow}$Si bond distance of 1-fluorosilatrane from the hybrid DFT calculations $({\sim}2.32{\AA})$ using the Perdew-Wang correlation functional agrees with the gas phase experimental value $(2.324{\AA})$, while other functionals yield larger distances. The MP2 bond distance (2.287${\AA}$ with 6-311$G^{\ast}$) is shorter, and the HF one (2.544 ${\AA}$ with 6-311$G^{\ast}$) larger than those of DFT calculations. The MP2 bond distance is in good agreement with experiment indicating that the electron correlations are crucial for the correct description of the N${\rightarrow}$Si interaction. The silatranyl cation is a stable local minimum on the potential energy surface in all methods employed suggesting that the cation could be a reaction intermediate. The Si-N bond length for the cation is about 1.87 ${\AA}$ for all calculations tested implying that the Si-N bond is mainly conventional. Bonding characteristics of the Si-N bond in two species derived from the natural bond orbital analysis support the above argument based on calculated bond lengths.