• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.357-373
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• 2022

The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module project is the first commercial Generation-IV NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) in China. A new joint is used for the vertical support of RPV(Reactor Pressure Vessel). The steel corbel is integrally embedded into the reactor-cabin wall through eight asymmetrically arranged pre-stressed high-strength bolts, achieving the different path transmission of shear force and moment. The vertical monotonic loading test of two specimens is conducted. The results show that the failure mode of the joint is bolt fracture. There is no prominent yield stage in the whole loading process. The stress of bolts is linearly distributed along the height of corbel at initial loading. As the load increases, the height of neutral axis of bolts gradually decreases. The upper and lower edges of the wall opening contact the corbel plate to restrict the rotation of the corbel. During the loading, the pre-stress of some bolts decreases. The increase of the pre-stress strength ratio of bolts has no noticeable effect on the structure stiffness, but it reduces the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint. A simplified calculation model for the elastic stage of the joint is established, and the estimation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Unlike other press forming processes, ISF (Incremental sheet forming) doesn't require a punch and die set. However, during the ISF processes unwanted bending deformation occurred around the target geometry. This paper is aimed to analyze the effect of the die structure, which is supported by bolts, on the geometric accuracy of the ISF processes. In this research, the ISF processes with Al5052 sheet of 0.5 mm, the tool diameter of 6 mm and the stepdown of 0.4 mm was employed. L-shaped, step-shaped, relief-shaped geometry were employed in experiments. Sectional view and the plastic strain were compared. From this research we find out that the bolt supported ISF processes increases the geometric accuracy of products very effectively.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.125-141
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• 2018

장기적 광산 개발계획을 위하여 광산의 갱도설계는 장비계획, 운반계획, 운영계획 등의 기본이 되므로 매우 중요하다. ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$광산은 생산성 향상에 중점을 둔 갱도설계가 이루어짐으로써 채광계획 변경이 매우 어렵고, 굴착갱도를 유지하기 위한 많은 노력이 필요하였다. 본 연구에서는 암반의 역학적 특성을 고려한 최적갱도를 설계하고 지보계획을 수립하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 암반의 역학적 변수(팽윤압력, 변형계수, 지압계수)들에 대한 추정, 다양한 현장조사와 분석 등을 수행하였다. 그 결과 roof bolt 등을 활용하여 갱도유지를 하려면 갱도단면 축소 등을 고려할 필요가 있었으며, 현 갱도규격을 유지하기 위해서는 지보재와 지보방법에 대한 다양한 기능적 기술들이 필요할 것으로 분석되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Instability of bolted rock mass has been a major hazard in the underground coal mining industry for decades. Developing effective support guidelines requires understanding of complex bolted rock mass failure mechanisms. In this study, the dynamic failure behavior, mechanical behavior, and energy evolution of a laboratory-scale bolted specimens is studied by conducting laboratory static-dynamic coupled loading tests. The results showed that: (1) Under static-dynamic coupled loading, the stress-strain curve of the bolted rock mass has a significant impact velocity (strain rate) correlation, and the stress-strain curve shows rebound characteristics after the peak; (2) There is a critical strain rate in a rock mass under static-dynamic coupled loading, and it decreases exponentially with increasing pre-static load level. Bolting can significantly improve the critical strain rate of a rock mass; (3) Compared with a no-bolt rock mass, the dissipation energy ratio of the bolted rock mass decreases exponentially with increasing pre-static load level, the ultimate dynamic impact energy and dissipation energy of the bolted rock mass increase significantly, and the increasing index of the ratio of dissipation energy increases linearly with the pre-static load; (4) Based on laboratory testing and on-site microseismic and stress monitoring, a design method is proposed for a roadway bolt support against dynamic load disturbance, which provides guidance for the design of deep underground roadway anchorage supports. The research results provide new ideas for explaining the failure behavior of anchorage supports and adopting reasonable design and construction practices.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.151-152
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• 2006

Nowadays, great attention has been shown to the question of ultrasonic linear motor for accomplishing the high positioning accuracy and high driving force in the semiconductor and optical industry. Ultrasonic linear motors have many advantages such as simple structure, quick response, ability to maintain position without energy consumption, and electromagnetic effect. And BLT has attracted attention to accomplish large vibration amplitude and large mechanical force. Authors designed and developed the new type of ultra sonic linear motor with multi support mechanism, achieved 75N of output force and 0.45m/s of velocity.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.984-991
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• 2008

In this study, to evaluate the slope and tunnel stabilization method using pc cable with bulbed. To estimate the application of tunnel support using field tests and numerical analysis results. The reinforcement effects of slope stabilization method reinforced by PC cables were estimated compared with conventional soil nail system that reinforce the slope using rebar.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.860-865
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• 2005

In Korea, NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) has widely been used in order for constructing tunnels. The major support materials of the method are the shotcrete and rock bolt together with the arch-shaped tunnel section, which ensure the inherent strength of the rock masses. One of the most important features of the method is the feedback system between tunnel analyses and measurements, such as tunnel displacement and support stresses. This study, therefore, attempts to examine the difference in displacement and stresses between numerical results. and measurements in order for more practical design and construction of tunnels.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.875-881
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• 2013

증기발생기 수직 지지대를 고정하고 있는 고강도 앵커 볼트의 응력부식균열에 대한 건전성 평가는 원자력발전소 기기 건전성 유지와 관련하여 중요한 현안 가운데 하나이다. 이에 따라 미국 EPRI에서는 고강도 앵커 볼트의 건전성 평가를 위한 기준균열계수 개념 기반의 평가 절차를 제시한 바 있으며, 본 연구에서는 EPRI에서 제시한 절차에 입각하여 증기발생기 수직 지지대 고정용 앵커 볼트의 응력부식균열 및 취성 파괴에 대한 건전성 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 볼트 예비하중과 운전하중을 고려한 3차원 유한요소 응력해석을 수행하여 볼트 단면에 작용하는 공칭응력을 결정하였으며, 결정된 볼트 응력과 EPRI 절차를 이용하여 앵커 볼트의 균열 건전성을 평가하였다. 또한 3차원 탄성 유한요소 파괴역학 해석을 수행하여 EPRI에서 제시한 기준균열계수의 정확성을 검증하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

록볼트는 터널과 지하공간 구조물의 시공에 있어서 주요 지보재 중 하나이며, 이러한 록볼트의 건전도가 전체 구조물의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치게 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 실제 현장에서 투과법을 적용하여 록볼트를 따라 전파되는 유도파를 통해 록볼트의 건전도를 평가하는 것이다. 비파괴 실험의 각기 다른 결함비율을 가진 록볼트 시험체를 제작하여 콘크리트 블록 및 실제현장에 매설한 후, 피에조 디스크 엘리먼트로 유도파를 발생시키고 AE(acoustic emission) 센서를 이용하여 신호를 측정하였다. 수집된 신호는 가버 웨이브렛을 사용한 웨이브렛 변환을 이용하여 시간-주파수 영역에서 분석하였다. 시간-주파수 영역에서의 각 파군별 최대 에너지가 나타나는 지점의 시간차는 각 반사파군 간의 이동 시간차를 나타내며, 이를 통해 계산된 유도파의 에너지 속도는 록볼트의 결함비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험에 적합한 양생기간을 제안하였으며 그에 따른 두 번의 현장 실험을 통해 록볼트 건전도 실험의 현장 적용성을 검토하였고, 제안된 실험방법이 록볼트의 건전도 평가에 있어서 유용한 평가방안임을 확인하였다.

• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 1995년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.1-26
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• 1995

Key aspects of the Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT) are reviewed. These include a predictive method of support design using the six-parameter Q-system of rock mass characterisation. The rock mass rating or Q-value is updated during tunnel driving. The designed tunnel support generally consists of wet process, steel fibre reinforced shotcrete combined with fully grouted, untensioned rock bolts, Even in poor rock conditions S(fr) + B usually acts as the final rock reinforcement and tunnel lining. Since it is a drained lining, it is very economic compared to cast concrete with membranes. Light, free-standing steel liners are used to prevent water affecting the runnel environment. Rock mass conditions, and hence lining design and cost estimation can be assessed by careful use of seismic surveys. Relationships between the P-wave velocity, the rock mass deformation modulus and the Q-value have recently been established, where tunnel depth, rock porosity and the uniaxial compression strength of the rock are important variables. The rock mass modulus estimate, and simple index testing of the joints, provide the key input which joints are discretely represented (either in two dimensions with the UDEC code or in three dimensions with the 3DEC code) is generally favoured compared to continuum analysis. The latter may give a misleading impression of uniformity and deformations tend to be understimated. Q-system NMT designs of S(fr) + B (fibre reinforced shotcrete and bolting) are numerically checked and adjustments made to bolt capacities and shotcrete thickness if overloading is evident around the modelled profile.