• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 1971

들쥐의 被害를 막기위한 基礎로 들쥐의 生態學的 硏究를 서울大 農大農場에서 한바 들쥐의 大部分이 등줄쥐 이어서 結果的으로 등줄쥐의 硏究가 되고 말았으나 要約하면 다음과 같다. (1) 들쥐무리 4屬(Apodemus, Cricetulus, Rattus, Micromys) 155마리를 採集했으며 그중 등줄쥐(A. agrarius coreae)가 95%(148마리)를 차지했다. (2) 등줄쥐의 옥수수밭에 있어서의 棲息密度는 활동 범위를 감안하여 1970年8月6日 $\\sim$ 8日까지 55/ha는 日本 菅平地方의 900/ha에 비교하면 대단히 낮았다. (3) 體重에 의한 年齡構造는 成體에 대한 幼鼠 및 亞鼠의 합계가 13%에 이르렀고 性比는 ♂ : ♀ = 1.8 : 1 이었다. (4) 쥐굴(쥐집)이 構造는 한 개의 쥐굴에 구멍(出入口)이 3個以上, 貯藏庫 1個以上, 둥지(寢所) 1個에 한 마리가 살고 있으며 저장식량은 가을의 農作物인데 特히 벼가 主가 되고 벼보다는 玄米로 저장해 둔다. (5) 活動時刻은 日沒後 1 $\\sim$ 2時間, 子正前後, 및 日出前 1時間 內外가 왕성하나 낮에라도 주위가 조용하여 安全하고 먹이가 필요하거나 求愛行動이 필요하면 활동 한다. (6) 옥수수의 被害相은 高株에서 30 $\\sim$ 40%, 低株 에서 80 $\\sim$ 90%의 被害率이었다. 벼에 있어서는 논(1,200坪)에서 벼로 11,400g가 被害되었으니 全國的으로 349.695kg, 그리고 이것을 白米로 推算하면 8,268입 가 등줄쥐에 提供되었다. (7) 등줄쥐의 分娩仔數는 平均體重 30g 의 암컷이 5마리를 낳고 3週후에 離乳했으며 멧밭쥐(16g)도 5마리를 낳았다. (8) 天敵은 食肉目(족제비, 고양이, 살쾡이, 여우, 너구리, 수달, 개) 猛禽目(독수리, 부엉이, 말똥가리, 소리개, 매) 및 뱀이며 시궁쥐와 비단털쥐도 등줄쥐의 天敵이다. (9) 등줄쥐의 食性(嗜好性)은 옥수수, 콩, 밀, 고구마, 밤, 들깨등을 좋아하며 보리, 조, 수수, 팥, 녹두등은 그렇게 좋아하지 아니한다. 그리고 하루에 한 마리의 成鼠의 攝食量은 벼라면 5.5g, 밀 인 경우 4.9g, 여기에 물 5ml 가량을 먹는 경우이다. (10) 물만 提供하고 다른 먹이를 주지 아니한 饑餓實驗에 의하면 營養좋게 飼育된 등줄쥐는 71 $\\sim$ 79時間後에, 그렇지 못한 쥐는 32 $\\sim$ 39時間後에 죽었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2007

For the rapidly growing elderly population, the achievement and maintenance of good nutritional status is critical to health, functioning and quality of life. Elderly women living alone have been identified as a group associated with poor nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area and to examine seasonal variation. The subjects are 49 elderly women living alone and 41 elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, and their food intakes were assessed once each time in summer 2005, winter 2005-2006, and spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for living alone and 72.8 years for living with family. Education level was not different between the two groups. Height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting blood glucose were not significantly different between the two groups. Average intakes of major nutrients, nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio and index of nutritional quality were lower in the elderly women living alone compared with the elderly women living with family in summer, but the differences in intakes of most nutrients became insignificant both in winter and in spring. High carbohydrate and low fat diet was prevalent and intakes of carbohydrate and fat in summer deviated from macronutrient acceptable distribution ranges. Percentages of the subjects who consumed energy less than 75% of the estimated energy requirement and nutrients less than the estimated average requirement were higher than those reported by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In summer, the percentage of the subjects who consumed energy less than both 75% of the estimated energy requirement and 4 nutrients less than estimated average requirements was 58.5% of the elderly women living alone, which was higher than 26.5% of the elderly women living with family and that of National Nutrition Survey. Therefore, nutrition policies including nutrition education and support are necessary to improve nutritional status of elderly, especially elderly women living alone and should reflect regional and seasonal characteristics.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2006

This study was carried out to identify factors related to breakfasts in elementary, middle and high school students. This study was surveyed by questionnaires and data was analyzed by SPSS program. Exploratory analysis was conducted according to three school student groups (elementary children, middle school students, and high school students). The subjects were 1,886 school students (female 893, male 959) of 51 schools in the nationwide region. The distribution of subjects was elementary school children 544, middle school students 661 and high school students 681. The results are summarized as follows. Only sixty percent of the subjects had breakfast regularly. About one fourth of the subjects had the habit of skipping breakfast or eating it 2$\sim$3 times per week. Frequency of having breakfast and reasions of skipping breakfast were significantly different according to school student groups (p < 0.001 respectively). The rate of skipping breakfast was $14.4\%$ in elementary school, $16.1\%$ in middle school, and $25.0\%$ in high school. The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'not delicious or poor appetite' in elementary school ($42.5\%$), but 'busy' in middle ($50.2\%$) and high school ($61.1\%$). There was no significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to living areas (rural and urban). There were not significant differences between frequency of having breakfast and BMI and degree of satisfaction on body weight. But there were significant difference in frequency of having breakfast according to economical status (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in degree of school performance according to frequency of having breakfast (p < 0.001) There was significant relationship between the time of attending school and the frequency of having breakfast. But there were significant relationships between frequency of having breakfast and time of rising. These findings suggested that the time of rising was controlled by having enough time that students eat breakfast. And mother (or person who prepares meals) must have more concerns about preparing breakfast for children and students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the choline intake of Korean adults for the purpose of preparing a basal data required for the establishment of choline adequate intake (AI). The subjects of 56 Korean young adults were recruited from college students of 20 to 30 years old in Daejeon city. The aliquots of foods that the subjects ate for one day were collected with use of duplicate food collection method and choline content of one day meal directly was analyzed with the use of enzymatic method. Choline intakes of male subjects were in the range of 353.5∼1222.5 mg and those of female subjects were in the range of 213.1 ∼ 722.3 mg. Mean intakes of choline were 658.2 $\pm$ 243.9 mg/day in male subjects and 423.3 $\pm$ 133.6 mg/day in female, therefore choline intake of men was about 200mg higher than that of women. Median value in total subjects was 496 mg, male's median was 608.8 mg, female's median was 419.9 mg. When the subjects were devided into 4 groups by choline intake, as less than 75%, 75∼100%, 100∼125% and over 125% based on choline AI of USA (males: 550 mg, females: 425 mg), there was no significant difference between men (64.3%) and wemen (67.9%) in the distribution of the subjects whose choline intake is under the range of 75∼125% AI of USA. However, 10.7% of men and 21.4% of female had choline intake less than 75% AI of USA while the cases of choline intake higher than 125% AI were 25% in male and 10.7% in female. Thus, it is assumed that female case in choline-deficient state would be two times more than male. When adjusted by body weight, choline intake was 9.5 $\pm$ 3.4 mg/kg in men,8.1 $\pm$ 3.1 mg/kg in women and 8.8 $\pm$ 3,3 mg/kg in total subjects. And choline intake per 1,000 kcal of men, women and total subjects were 277.1 $\pm$ 78.4 mg, 275.9 $\pm$ 62.1 mg and 276.5 $\pm$ 70.1 mg respectively. From these results, it is suggested that these levels of 276.5 $\pm$ 70.1 mg/ 1,000 kcal or 8.8 $\pm$ 3.3 mg/kg B.W. can be used as a reference value for the establishment of AI of choline for Korean, because overall choline intake of these subjects was not in lower state compared to other nutrients intakes obtained from calculation of the food the subjects had taken.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

동일연령군의 넙치 치어를 개체 크기별 4개의 group (small group, 체중 $1.3{\pm}0.23g;$ medium group, 체중 $3.1{\pm}0.45g;$ large group, 체중 $4.9{\pm}0.57g;$ ungraded group, 체중 $3.3{\pm}1.66g$)으로 나누어 8주동안 사육하면서 크기 선별이 어류의 성장, 사료효율 및 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험종료시 체중의 분포에 따른 소형 개체(체중 10 g)의 빈도는 크기 선별한 small group에 비해 ungraded group에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 실험 전기간동안의 일일성장률은 small group 및 large group에서 각각 최고치 및 최저치를 보였으며, medium group과 선별 group (small group; medium group; large group)의 pooled data는 ungraded group에 비해 높은 수치의 일일성장률을 나타내었다. (P<0.05). 사료섭취율은 ungraded group이 medium group 및 선별 group의 pooled data에 비해 높았던 반면, 사료효율에 있어서는 ungraded group이 이들에 비해 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그리고 ungraded group의 생존율은 93.3%로 99.3% 이상으로 나타난 다른 실험구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 크기가 작은 넙치는 큰 넙치가 없는 곳에서 유의하게 빠른 성장과 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 따라서 크기 선별은 넙치 치어(체중 1-5 g)의 성장과 생존율을 향상시키기 위해서 중요한 작업이 될 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1374-1381
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• 2009

본 연구는 남성 음주자의 나이대별 생리학적 변수들에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 연구하였다. 30대 남성들은 waist-hip ratio, 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 좌 우 발목-상완지수, 아밀라제, hs-CRP, CPK가 가장 낮았고 체중, IL-6, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 적혈구수, 적혈구 분포도, ALT, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 페르틴 농도는 높게 나타났다. hs-CRP, CPK는 40대 음주남성에서 높았지만 페리틴 농도는 반대였다. 50대 음주남성에서는 WHR이 높았으며 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 호산구와 아밀라제 농도는 높게 나타냈다. 60대 음주남성에서는 좌 우 심장-발목 혈관지수, 평균 혈색소 농도, $\gamma$-GTP, RF, AFP, PSA의 농도는 높았으며, 체중, 이완기 혈압, 좌 우 안와혈압, 혈색소, 혈소판, 백혈구, 적혈구 분포지수, 호산구, 단구, 아밀라제 중성지방, CPK 농도 변화에서는 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 음주는 남성들에 있어 나이대별로 다양한 생리학적 변화를 유도 할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 음주가 성별, 즉 남녀 간에 미치는 생리학적 영향의 차이에 대한 연구 역시 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1985-1990
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs. Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D₃ with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD₃). Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD₃ concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 ㎍/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection. Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD₃. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

본 연구는 상황버섯이 간 손상 물질을 투여한 흰주의 지질 대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험군은 $CCl_4$ 투여군, $CCl_4$와 고지방 식이군으로 분류하였고, 상황메탄올 추출물을 병용투여 함으로써 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 실험동물의 체중 증가량, 사료 섭취량, 식이효율은 $CCl_4$투여로 감소되었으나, 추출물 병용투여로 증가되었다. 실험동물의 간의 무게는 $CCl_4$ 투여로 증가되었다. 이런 경향은 특히 $CCl_4$와 고지방 식이시 대조군에 비해 32% 증가하였으나 추출물 투여로 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 콜레스테롤, 중성지질, LDL 및 LDL-인지질은 $CCl_4$ 투여로 증가되었으나 상황추출물 투여로 인하여 감소를 보였다. 한편, 추출물의 투여는 간조직중 HDL-콜레스테롤의 함량을 증가시켰다. 추출물의 투여에 의한 간기능 지표효소인 GOT, GPT, AP 및 LDH의 활성이 감소되었다. 간의 전자현미경적 관찰에서 대조군은 ER이 골고루 분포하고 있으며 정상적인 cytosol의 구조를 하고 있으나, $CCl_4$ 투여군에서는 mitochondria와 ER의 분포가 국부적이고 균일하게 분포하지 않았으며, cytoplasmic matrix의 구조가 퇴화되는 양상을 나타내었다. 일부 조직에서는 fibrous filaments의 출현이 관찰되었다. 그러나, 추출물 투여군은 손상된 세포질의 회복현상이 나타났으며 mitochondria의 증가가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 상황 추출물이 흰쥐의 지질대사에 생리적인 활성효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 사료되며 간지질 대사의 개선 효과가 있어 고지혈증, 동맥경화, 고혈압 등 순환기계 및 심혈관계 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 건강기능성 식품으로서의 가치가 기대되며 추후 상품으로서의 개발 가치가 충분한 것으로 보인다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was designed to assess the general distribution, clinical effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on knee pain and the correlation between Korean medical therapy on knee pain and BMI. Methods : This is an observational study. 65 patients admitted to Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine with musculoskeletal disorders were observed from July, 2014 to July, 2015. They were analyzed according to sex, age, pain lesion, body mass index(BMI) and treatment efficacy. All patients received a combination of treatments during hospitalization, including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicines and physical therapy. A zero to ten numerating rating scale (NRS) assessing pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index(WOMAC) index and Range of Motion(ROM) was used before and after treatments. Statistical correlations among assessment measurements were evaluated by examining the paired t-test and the Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results : The average BMI of all patients was $24.03{\pm}2.95kg/m^2$. According to clinical definition of obesity by Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, 33.8% of all patients was within normal weight, 1.5% was underweight, 33.8% was overweight, 24.6% was obesity and 6.2% was morbid obesity. For knee pain patients, NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) decreased from $6.28{\pm}1.63$ to $3.94{\pm}2.03$(p<0.001). WOMAC index decreased from $48.14{\pm}17.63$ to $40.37{\pm}18.28$(p<0.001). But, there were no significant correlations in statistics among BMI, knee pain index and knee pain index improvement. Conclusions : Korean medical combination treatment might be effective in reducing pain and improving functional disorders for patients with knee pain. This study further confirmed the efficacy of Korean medical treatment on knee pain. But, more studies on correlation between knee pain and obesity and development of assessment measurement are needed.