• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2003

Two new species of the genus Orecturus are described os associates of octocorals in Cheju Island, Korea. Orecturus longicaudatus n. sp. associated with a gorgonacean coral differs from its congeners by having a large body and a long anal somite. Orecturus similis n. sp., associated with an alcyonacean coral, is similar to O. excavatus but can be distinguished from it by possessing a single seta on the second segment of maxilla, the terminal claw of maxilliped which is evenly tapering, and the different ornamentation in legs 1 and 4.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8 kg [mean weight, 4.0 1.4 kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1 $\pm$ 3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients [86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septum was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths [16.8 % , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis, stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily. We concluded that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are reasonable.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.604-608
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• 1998

Von Recklinghausen's disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease associated with characteristic cafe-au-lait spots of skin and multiple neurofibromatosis. It is complicated by malignancies, which in most cases is neurofibrosarcoma. The development of lung cancer in von Recklinghausen's disease is rare. A 61-year-old male was admitted for cough and sputum for 20 days. He had multiple cafe-au-lait spots and subcutaneous neurofibromas in whole body area and Lisch nodules in both iris and he had been diagnosed von Recklinghausen's disease 35 years ago. Chest radiography showed emphysematous bullae in both upper lung field and mass in right upper lung field. Chest CT scan revealed subcarinal lymph node enlargement. Bronchoscopic biopsy was done in mass in superior segment of right lower lobe and the results showed squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of von Recklinghausen's disease and lung cancer are noteworthy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.826-841
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the functional utility of movement in sleeve from an ergonomic viewpoint. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are. 1. The expansion rate of upper extremity was higher in length than in circumference mesurements. The amounts of expansion were, especially high (more than 60mm) for inner arm length, axillary arm circumference, and outer arm length. Therefore, a lot of ease is necessary for these parts. On the other hand, armhole circumference, forearm circumference, and wrist circumference had low rates of expansion. The sleeve cap length was also contracted in all motions. 2. The expansion rate and the range of expansion and contraction were higher in the upper arm than in the forearm. The main points of expansion were the axillary and elbow parts. The segment of maximum expansi (rate of 44.8%) was Iii of axillary parts. As the body surface expands mainly in some segments, it is desirable to allow ease to the main segments of expansion. 3. In a basic sleeve, necessary ease was lacking in the measurements for outer arm length and axillary arm circumference, while it was too large in armhole circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference, and sleeve cap length. Therefore, a basic sleeve is inadequate as a functional sleeve for hard work in point of functional utility of movement. Wider application of these findings would lead to an improvement in the comfort of workers.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

We are developing a biomimetic robot based on the Sea Lamprey. The robot consists of a cylindrical electronics bay propelled by an undulatory body axis. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators generate propagating flexion waves in five undulatory segments of a polyurethane strip. The behavior of the robot is controlled by an electronic nervous system (ENS) composed of networks of discrete-time map-based neurons and synapses that execute on a digital signal processing chip. Motor neuron action potentials gate power transistors that apply current to the SMA actuators. The ENS consists of a set of segmental central pattern generators (CPGs), modulated by layered command and coordinating neuron networks, that integrate input from exteroceptive sensors including a compass, accelerometers, inclinometers and a short baseline sonar array (SBA). The CPGs instantiate the 3-element hemi-segmental network model established from physiological studies. Anterior and posterior propagating pathways between CPGs mediate intersegmental coordination to generate flexion waves for forward and backward swimming. The command network mediates layered exteroceptive reflexes for homing, primary orientation, and impediment compensation. The SBA allows homing on a sonar beacon by indicating deviations in azimuth and inclination. Inclinometers actuate a bending segment between the hull and undulator to allow climb and dive. Accelerometers can distinguish collisions from impediment to allow compensatory reflexes. Modulatory commands mediate speed control and turning. A SBA communications interface is being developed to allow supervised reactive autonomy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.359-370
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• 2020

Prestressed ground anchors are important structural elements in geotechnical engineering. Despite their widespread usage, the design process is often significantly simplified. One of the major drawbacks of commonly used design methods is the assumption that skin friction is mobilized uniformly along an anchor's fixed length, one consequence of which is that a progressive failure phenomenon is neglected. The following paper introduces an alternative design approach - a computer algorithm employing the load-transfer method. The method is modified for the analysis of anchors and combined with a procedure for the derivation of load-transfer functions based on commonly available laboratory tests. The load-transfer function is divided into a pre-failure (hardening) and a post-failure (softening) segment. In this way, an aspect of non-linear stress-strain soil behavior is incorporated into the algorithm. The influence of post-grouting in terms of radial stress update, diameter enlargement, and grout consolidation is included. The axial stiffness of the anchor body is not held constant. Instead, it gradually decreases as a direct consequence of tensile cracks spreading in the grout material. An analysis of the program's operation is performed via a series of parametric studies in which the influence of governing parameters is investigated. Finally, two case studies concerning three investigation anchor load tests are presented.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2011

A 54 year old man was referred to our hospital with gastric cancer. The patient had a history of splenectomy and a left nephrectomy as a result of a traffic accident 15 years earlier. The endoscopic findings were advanced gastric cancer at the lower body of the stomach. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a metastatic nodule in the S2 segment of the liver. Eventually, the clinical stage was determined to be cT2cN1cM1 and a radical distal gastrectomy, lateral segmentectomy of the liver were performed. The histopathology findings confirmed the diagnosis of intrahepatic splenosis, omental splenosis. Hepatic splenosis is not rare in patients with a history of splenic trauma or splenectomy. Nevertheless, this is the first report describing a patient with gastric cancer and intrahepatic splenosis that was misinterpreted as a liver metastatic nodule. Intra-operative USG guided fine needle aspiration should be considered to avoid unnecessary liver resections in patients with a suspicious hepatic metastasis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.554-557
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• 2008

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein complex that plays a key role in RNAi. VIG (Vasa intronic gene) has been identified as a component of Drosophila RISC; however, the role VIG plays in regulating RNAi is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of VIG-1, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila VIG, using a vig-1::gfp fusion construct. This construct contains the 908-bp region immediately upstream of vig-1 gene translation initiation site. Analysis by confocal microscopy demonstrated GFP-VIG-1 expression in a number of tissues including the pharynx, body wall muscle, hypodermis, intestine, reproductive system, and nervous system at the larval and adult stages. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that VIG-1 is present in each developmental stage examined. To investigate regulatory sequences for vig-1 gene expression, we generated constructs containing deletions in the upstream region. It was determined that the GFP expression pattern of a deletion construct (${\Delta}-908$ to -597) was generally similar to that of the non-deletion construct. In contrast, removal of a larger segment (${\Delta}-908$ to -191) resulted in the loss of GFP expression in most cell types. Collectively, these results indicate that the 406-bp upstream region (-596 to -191) contains essential regulatory sequences required for VIG-1 expression.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Human postural responses appeared to have stereotyped modality, such as ankle mode, knee mode and hip mode in response to various perturbations. We examined whether human postural control gain of full-state feedback could be decoupled along with the eigenvector. To verify the model, postural responses subjected to fast backward perturbation were used. Upright posture was modeled as 3-segment inverted pendulum incorporated with feedback control, and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Postural modalities such as ankle, knee and hip mode were obtained from eigenvectors of biomechanical model. As oppose to the full-state feedback control, independent eigenvector control assumes that modal control input is determined by the linear combination of corresponding modality. We used optimization method to obtain and compare the feedback gains for both independent eigenvector control and full-state feedback control. As a result, we found that simulation result of eigenvector feedback was not competitive in comparison with that of full-state feedback control. This implies that the CNS would make use of full-state body information to generate compensative joint torques.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.412-430
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• 2003

Functional stability is dependent on integrated local and global muscle function. Movement dysfunction can present as a local and global problem, though both frequently occur together. To good understand how movement induces pain syndrome, the optimal actions and interaction of the multiple anatomic and functional systems involved in motion must be considered. Minor alterations in the precision of movement cause microtrauma and, if allowed to continue, will cause macrotrauma and pain. These alteration of the movement result in the development of compensatory movement and movement impairment. Muscle that become tight tend to pull the body segment to which they are attached, creating postural deviation. The antagonistic muscles may become weak and allow postural deviations due to lack of balanced support. Both hypertonic and inhibited muscles will cause an alteration of the distribution of pressure over the joint(s) that they cross and, thus, may not only result from muscle dysfunction, but produce joint dysfunction as well. Alteration of the shoulder posture and movement dysfunction may sometimes result in compression of neurovascular structures in the shoulder and arm. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered motor unit recruitment and the neurovascular compression. This report start with understanding of the impaired alignment, movement patterns and neuromuscular compression of the shoulder girdle by movement impairment to approach method of the movement dysfunction.