• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2020

The present study provides reference data required for the design of clothing for the elderly by analyzing the body surface area during fitness motion based on 3D scan data of Korean elderly women. This study was conducted with the procedures of (1) survey of motions and main muscles for fitness, (2) acquisition of 3D scan data, and (3) analysis of rate of change for body surface area during fitness motion. Acquisition of 3D body scan data was obtained from seven elderly females (age: 64-77). We selected 66 anatomical landmarks (40 upper body and 22 lower body) by referring to previous studies. Body surface was segmented by connecting the landmarks marked on the 3D scan data acquired. Analysis of body surface area was conducted in terms of the change rate of surface area in 9 postures of elbow 0°, 90° and 180° for flexion, shoulder 90°, 180° for flexion, shoulder 0°, 180° for abduction, hip 90° for flexion, and knee 90° for flexion compared to the those in the standing posture. The amount of changes in body surface area were 12%-62% in the upper body, 15%-77% in the arm, and 10%-51% in the lower body. A future study on the rate of change of body surface length is needed; in addition, a study on how to apply the results of body surface area and body surface length analysis to clothing pattern design is also necessary.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study is aimed at exploring a reasonable and reliable method of measuring pre-school children's somatotypes and there by, data basing the information obtained and classifying their somatotypes, at providing useful data which can be utilized for the design of their dress forms and enhancing the fitness of their apparels. to this end, 330 pre-school children living in the capital area and aged fro m4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As the pre-school children grow, the scales indicating their vertical growth including height could well be measured differently, but those scales indicating their lateral somatotypes which reflect their postural changes did not show among age groups. in other words, male kids were higher in the scales including height than female kids, while there were not differences between sexes in most scales indicating their lateral somatotypes. 2. The elements comprising the somatotypes were the size of body skeleton, the thickness of body mass, the posture and shape of body mass, the lateral under-neck shape, the extrusion of belly, the length between front and the back shoulder, the shape of lower belly, the shape of upper hip, the shape of lower hip and the slope of shoulders. Among them, the first two elements accounted for 64.8% of the total distribution, which means that these two elements explain the body-mass somatotypes of kid's most effectively. 3. The sample kids were divided into two types for classification of their somatotypes. As a result, it was found that the elements determining their somatotypes most influentially are, unlike adults' case the size of body skeleton rather than posture or lateral body shape. The type I showed less dimensions in most scales than type II, while their shoulder were les developed,. The type I was found distributed much in 4-year-old female kids. The type II showing more development in each element was found distributed much in 6-year-old male kids.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.707-720
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• 2004

This study focused on the comparison of the consciousness of middle age women's body image between self evaluation and others'. The respondents include 105 middle age women who evaluated themselves and 532 middle age women who evaluated others in there age group in Gwang-Ju. The Questionnaire was comprised of two components; Part One is consciousness of body-shape and Part Two is body cathexis (or a body preference). For data analysis, SPSS 10.0 program was generally used, and T-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test were being conducted. The results of study were as follow; On consciousness of body shape, the items that exist difference of opinion on the comparison of the consciousness of middle age women's body-shape between self-evaluation and others' evaluation were total body fatness, upper body type, low arm girth, thigh girth in lean group, and crotch of pants length, ankle girth, calf girth, in normal group, and upper body type, lower body type in obese group. On a body-cathexis, the item were neck, buttocks, bust, posture in lean group(p<.05), and neck, upper arm, abdomen in normal group(p<.01), and waist, abdomen, weight distribution in obese group(p<.01).

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1979

The functional problems of the basic pattern of clothing are a matter of the first importance to clothing construction. Therefore, the ergonomic analysis of the expansion and contraction of the upper body surface, due to motion, has become required. thus in order to obtain the measurements and rate of expansion and contraction of the upper body surface following from its motions, the development figure of " Shell" and somatometry were employed. The results obtained through the investigation can be summarized as follows : 1) According to the developmental figures of "Shell" the latitudes centering around the shoulder line present contractive tendencies by arm movement. The longitudes around the center back waist length are expansive tendencies when bent forward. In the case of a 15$^{\circ}$ lean backward posture, the longitudes around the center front waist length are expansive tendencies. 2) By somatometry, the region from the scapula to the axilla point the upper back with presents the greatest expansion (more than 30%). The region from scapla to arm presents the maximum rate of contraction. In considering the longitude , under the axilla waist length and the bust point waist length generally shows the greatest rate of expansion. 3) The bust point waist length and under the axilla waist length are of great importance to the basic pattern of clothing. and have expansive tendencies(6.3cm). Among the latitudes, the upper back width has the greatest tendency for expansion (7.83 cm). 4) The region which presents the greatest rate of the expansion and contraction is in the proximity of the arm. These results testify that the amount of room of the back width must be given consideration in constructing the basic pattern of clothing.pattern of clothing.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.503-517
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 dimensional contoured pillow through analyzing contact pressure and to suggest its design guidelines through analyzing the posture of head and neck area. Background: The quality of sleep is a very important factor closely related with human's health. To improve the quality of sleep, the verification of design factors affecting the posture of the head and neck is needed, and a pillow design that can induce proper posture is required. Method: This study measured the contact pressures of the two reference groups (bead and cotton pillows) as a method to evaluate the design effectiveness of the contoured pillow. This study proposed 3-dimensional design guidelines by drawing anthropometry (head length) affecting cervical curvature angle (CCA) through the measurement of the participants' cervical curvature angles. Results: In the design effectiveness evaluation, the contact pressure of cervical region was higher than that of a reference group (cotton pillow), and contract area increased, and contract pressure decreased in the shape distributing the occipital region's body pressure. This study proposed pillow's cervical supporting height by percentile of a head length [head length (%tile) (cervical supporting height) affecting the posture of the head and neck: 14.6cm (5%tile) (6.2cm), 15.5cm (25%tile) (6.7cm), 16.4cm (50%tile) (7.1cm), and 19.3cm (75%tile) (8.9cm)]. Conclusion: This study confirmed the contoured pillow's design effectiveness maintaining cervical angle comfortable to sleep with the shape supporting the cervical vertebrae and by reducing the contact load of the occipital region. Also, this study proposed pillow design guidelines based on the 3-dimensional contoured pillow design effectiveness, through which the study laid the foundation for pillow design in a systematic method. Application: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basis data by which the optimum pillow type and pillow design according to main percentile can be standardized.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

In developing criteria for establishing workstation reach limits, it is essential to select the appropriate anthropometric stereotype for solving a specific design problem. The most important factor for comfortable workstation is to eliminate trunk flexion from the neutral (upright) posture. A solution to this design can be developed using population stature and link length data. This paper provides a methodology for design of comfortable workstation using anthropometric stereotype. Application of this methodology can be utilized in various designs for work space including standing and sitting workplace. For the purpose of this study, the data are measured by some parts on body such as stature, arm length, wrist height, elbow height, and shoulder hight. The samples for this study are randomly chosen from university students in Seoul and Kangnung during sixteen months (2003.3-2004.6).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1595-1607
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• 2005

3차원 스캐너를 통한 인체 측정치는 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 3차원 측정치의 정확성과 신뢰도를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 TECMATH사의 VITUS 전신 스캐너로 인체를 측정, ScanWorX Body Measure 소프트웨어를 이용하여 항목을 측정 한 값과 직접 인체측정 에 의해 얻어진 값을 비교하였다. 피험자는 평균 체형의 미국 여대생 25명이며 기준 자세와 일상생활에 많이 쓰이는 $135^{\circ}$ 양팔들기, 어깨 구부리기, 어깨 들어올리기의 3가지 동적 자세를 실험 동작으로 하여 체표의 길이 및 둘레의 변화를 측정하였다. 기준 자세와 135"양팔 들기에 대한 측정치 비교에서 두 가지 측정법에 의한 항목들의 차이는 $-2\~20mm$였으나 두 동작 모두에서 목둘레만이 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 길이항목보다 둘레항목에서 좀 더 큰 차이를 보였다. 실험 동작에 의해 상반신 18개의 측정항목들은 유의한 체표변화를 나타내었으며 특히 어깨길이, 겨드랑앞벽사이길이, 겨드랑뒤벽사이길이 그리고 견봉사이길이에서 뚜렷한 변화가 나타났다. 그러나 두 측정 법에 따른 체표변화 차이는 없었다. 어깨 구부리기와 어깨 들어올리기 동작시에는 스캔 측정을 3회 반복함으로써 3차원 측정치의 신뢰도를 조사하였는데 모든 항목에서 3회 반복된 측정치가 통계적으로 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ScanWorX소프트웨어의 가상적 도구인 Body Measure와 자동 프로그램인 ScanWorX Tailor의 측정치를 비교한 결과 자동 측정치가 더 큰 값을 보였고 사용한 프로그램에 따른 유의한 차이를 나타내는 항목들이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 3차원 인체 측정기를 사용함으로써 짧은 시간에 동작을 촬영하고 이에 대한 측정치를 얻을 수 있어 편리함과 신뢰도에 있어서 장점을 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 좀 더 다양한 분석과 정확한 결과를 얻기 위해서는 의복 분야에 유용한 자동 프로그램의 개발과 3차원 인체 측정기간의 호환성의 문제들이 요구된다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2010

With recent advances in 3D scanning technology, three-dimensional (3D) patternmaking is becoming a powerful way to develop garments pattern. This technology is now applicable to the made to measure (MTM) system of both ordinary and tightly fitting garments. Although the pattern of fitted clothing has been developed using 3D human data, it is still interesting to develop cycling pants by considering while-cycling body posture and fabric elasticity. This study adopted the Garland's triangle simplification method in order to simplify data without distorting the original 3D scan. Next, the Runge-Kutta method (2C-AN program) was used to develop a 2D pattern from the triangular pixels in the 3D scanned data. The 3D scanned data of four male, university students aged from 21 to 25, was obtained using Whole body scanner (Model WB4, Cyberware, Inc., USA). Results showed the average error of measurement was $4.58cm^2$ (0.19%) for area and 0~0.61cm for the length between the 3D body scanned data and the 2D developed pattern data. This is an acceptable range of error for garment manufacture. Additionally, the 2D pattern developed, based on the 3D body scanned data, did not need ease for comfort or ease of movement when cycling. This study thus provides insights into how garment patterns may be developed for ergonomic comfort in certain special environments.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.344-360
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• 2005

The purpose of the study is to identify the physical characteristics of early adolescent boys, to classify body shapes by physical characteristic. The subjects were 549 boys in the capital area. Their body shapes were identified and classified based on 47 anthropometric measurements, 43 photographic measurements and 10 indexed measurements. For data analysis were performed descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan test using SPSS Ver. 10. According to the result of extracting factors indicating the characteristics of body shape, horizontal size, vertical length, lateral posture, the lateral shape of the abdomen and the hip, the shape of the back protrusion, the front shape of the trunk and was the shape of the shoulders. According to the result of classifying body shapes, four types of shape - T(Tall) type, P(Petite) type, L(Large) type and R(Regular) type were identified. The results of this study are expected to contribute to planning sizes according to the type of body shape and improving the fitness of ready-made clothes in apparel and school uniform manufacturers.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 6주간의 엉덩관절 강화 훈련이 근력, 동적 자세 조절 및 하체 손상 준거에 미치는 영향을 보고자 하였다. 운동선수 20명을 운동군과 통제군으로 분류하여, 운동군은 주 3회, 60분, 6주간 엉덩관절 강화훈련을 하였다. 이 연구의 측정 변인은 유연성, 근력, 동적 자세 조절 및 하체 부상 준거로 하였다. 연구 결과 유연성에서 운동의 효과가 유의하지 않았으나 배근력에서는 유의하였다. 동적 자세조절 결과, 좌·우 후방 가쪽 및 안쪽에서 운동의 효과가 유의하였다. 또한 종합점수에서도 운동의 효과가 유의하였고, 좌·우 다리 간의 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 엉덩관절 강화 운동은 근력과 동적 자세 조절 능력의 증가와 하체 손상의 우려는 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.