• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

For the purpose of searching examination in the connection with clinical medicine and the basic theory of Korean Medicine, we comparatively studied on the physiological system of Hyun-Gok (1912~1987) and the Hyunsang system of Ji-San (1927~2000). The results are as follows. The metabolism of Yin and Yang is connected 'Gallbladder (膽)'-'Bladder (膀胱)' and Man (男), Woman (女), Old aged (老), Young child (小) style. Man and Woman are divided in the body form chacteristic not by the sex. 'Gallbladder (膽)'-'Bladder (膀胱)' style are divided in the body form chacteristic by the terms of Yin (陰) and Yang (陽). 'Gallbladder (膽)' style represents excessive Yang and deficient Yin, 'Bladder (膀胱)' style represents excessive Yin and deficient Yang. The four composition factor of the body is connected Material basis (精) type, Vital energy (氣) type, Mental faculties (神) type and Blood (血) type. In the diagnosis of body form on the Hyungsang Medicine, there are several types of body shape and categories of people. The Material basis (精) type, Vital energy (氣) type, Mental faculties (神) type and Blood (血) type are classified by the four composition factor of the body. The structural-mechanics organization of five Internal Organs (臟) is connected five Internal Organs (臟) types and the running-animal (走), bird (鳥), fish (魚), turtle (甲) types in the Hyunsang system. The five Internal Organs (臟) types are percived on the ears, eyes, nose, mouth and facial complexion. And the running-animal, bird, fish, turtle types are accorded to the individual personalities and the most-developed part in the body trunk by the Organ picture (藏象) theory. The six atmospheric influences (六氣) is connected the six Kyung types (六經形). The six Kyung types are regulated by the shape of eyes and nose representing for the relation of Vital energy (氣) and Blood (血). By the comparative study on the physiological system of Hyun-Gok and the Hyunsang system of Ji-San, we can search the connection with clinical medicine and the basic theory of Korean Medicine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

A smart home provides services that its inhabitant needs or wants, by integrating and simultaneously controlling various devices and sensors. In this study, we focused on a smart-home system for people with disabilities and for elderly people. We introduced a new type of system for real-time analysis of body posture of the inhabitants of a smart home. The system includes the concept that offers remote healthcare or medical services by using a 3D tilt sensor for recognizing the static and dynamic postures of inhabitants in real time. It consists of a smart-home server and a 3D tilt sensor, and it uses wireless technology to communicate with the inhabitants and thus enhance their mobility. The smart-home server includes the inference engine that differentiates the dynamic postures from the static ones. Finally, we also demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed system by applying it to a real environment.

• Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2002

Theoretical analysis Is carried out to identify the modal coupling effect between some particular acoustic modes of a vehicle compartment cavity and vibration modes of body panels like side doors, roof or floor. A simplified panel-cavity coupled model is investigated on the coupled resonance frequencies, modes and frequency response characteristics. Through parametric study, It Is possible to explain how the acoustic response of a coupled system will be determined by the vibration and acoustic property of the individual panel and cavity system. Full coupled system shows some interesting features different from those of the semi-coupled system In frequency, mode and acoustic response.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2011

Understanding the structural stability of carbon nanostructure under heat treatment is critical for tailoring the thermal properties of carbon-based material at small length scales. We investigate the heat resistance of the single carbon nanoball ($C_{60}$) and carbon nanoonions ($C_{20}@C_{80}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}C_{320}$) by performing molecular dynamics simulations. An empirical many-body potential function, Tersoff potential, for carbon is employed to calculate the interaction force among carbon atoms. Simulation results shows that carbon nanoonions are less resistive against heat treatment than single carbon nanoballs. Single carbon nanoballs such $C_{60}$ can resist heat treatment up to 5600 K, however, carbon nanoonions break down after 5100 K. This intriguing result offers insights into understanding the thermal-mechanical coupling phenomena of nanodevices and the complex process of fullerenes' formation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.327-343
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• 1994

This is the second part of the paper (Rojek and Kleiber 1993) devoted to nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures consisting of rigid and deformable parts. The first part contains a theoretical formulation of nonlinear equations of motion for the coupled system as well as a solution algorithm. The second part presents the computer implementation of the equations derived in the first part with a short review of the capabilities of the computer program used and the library of finite elements. Details of material nonlinearity treatment are also given. The paper is illustrated by discussing a practical problem of a safety cab analysis for an agricultural tractor.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.313-326
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• 1994

Some structures under the action of some specific loads can be treated as consisting of rigid and deformable parts. The paper presents a way to include rigid elements into a finite element model accounting for geometrical and material nonlinearities. Lagrange multipliers technique is used to derive equations of motion for the coupled deformable-rigid system. Solution algorithm based on the elimination of the Lagrangian multipliers and dependent kinematic unknowns at the element level is described. A follow-up paper(Rojek and Kleiber 1993) complements the discussion by giving details of the computer implementation and presenting some realistic test examples.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2001

This paper presents the tangent stiffness method for 3-D geometrically nonlinear folding analysis of a reversal arch. Experimental tests are conducted to verify the numerical analysis. The tangent stiffness method can accurately evaluate the geometrical nonlinearity due to the element translating as a rigid body, and the method can exactly handle the large rotation of the element in space. The arch in the experiment is made from a thin flat bar, and it is found that the folding process of the arch may be captured exactly by the numerical analysis with a model consisting of only 18 elements with the same properties.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.411-427
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• 2006

The Discrete Element Method, DEM, is increasingly used in fracture studies of non-homogeneous continuous media, such as rock and concrete. A 2D circular rigid DEM formulation, developed to model concrete, has been adopted. A procedure developed to generate aggregate particles with a given aspect ratio and shape is presented. The aggregate particles are modelled with macroparticles formed by a group of circular particles that behave as a rigid body. Uniaxial tensile and compression tests performed with circular and non-circular aggregates, with a given aspect ratio, have shown similar values of fracture toughness when adopting uniform strength and elastic properties for all the contacts. Non-circular aggregate assemblies are shown to have higher fracture toughness when different strength and elastic properties are set for the matrix and for the aggregate/matrix contacts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.729-740
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• 2013

This paper addresses the structural design of the front end of Siemens ER24 locomotive body. The steel structure of the frontend is replaced with composite. Optimization of the composite lay-up is performed using Genetic Algorithms. Initially an optimized single design for the entire structure is presented. Then a more refined optimum is developed by considering the separate optimization of 7 separate regions of the structure. Significant savings in the weight of the structure are achieved.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.17-39
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• 2013

In the present paper, a coaxial rotating smeared crack model is proposed for mass concrete in three-dimensional space. The model is capable of applying both the constant and variable shear transfer coefficients in the cracking process. The model considers an advanced yield function for concrete failure under both static and dynamic loadings and calculates cracking or crushing of concrete taking into account the fracture energy effects. The model was utilized on Koyna Dam using finite element technique. Dam-water and dam-foundation interactions were considered in dynamic analysis. The behavior of dam was studied for different shear transfer coefficients considering/neglecting fracture energy effects. The results were extracted at crest displacement and crack profile within the dam body. The results show the importance of both shear transfer coefficient and the fracture energy in seismic analysis of concrete dams under high hydrostatic pressure.