• Title/Summary/Keyword: Body fat ratio

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Effects of Different Dietary Energy and Protein Levels on Milk Production in Saanen Dairy Goats in Mid Lactation (에너지 및 단백질 공급 수준에 따른 비유 중기 유산양의 유생산성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Joong-Kook;Kim, Jong-Duk;Kim, Ji-Ae;Yoo, Jung-Suk;Bae, Gui-Seck;Kim, Chang-Hyun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2010
  • The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy and protein levels on milk production in Saanen (Capra hircus) dairy goats fed the diets with the different ratio of forage and concentrate. Four lactating goats in mid lactation ($57.5{\pm}10.8\;kg$ BW) were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with 21-d periods. Animals were randomly allocated to one of the four groups; 10.59 MJ ME/kg and 11.90% CP (TJ), 10.14 MJ ME/kg and 12.73% CP (T2), 9.45 MJ ME/kg and 15.19% CP (T3), 8.75 MJ ME/kg and 16.60% CP DM (T4). Also ratio of forage to concentrate was 49: 51 (Tl), 59: 41 (T2), 74: 26 (T3) and 90: 10 (T4). Intakes of forage and concentrate were linearly increased (p<0.05) with their increasing energy levels in the diets. No significant differences were found in total dry matter intake and body weight between treatments. Milk yield in T3 was the highest among treatments (p<0.05). Relative to other treatments, T4 significantly (p

n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Requirement of the Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli (조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeil의 n-3계 고도불포화지방산 요구량)

  • LEE Sang-Min;LEE Jong Yun;KANG Yong Jin;YOON Ho-Dong;HUR Sung Bum
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.477-492
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    • 1993
  • In order to investigate the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA) requirement of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, two experiments were conducted in the flush-out aquarium system. 1. Effects of different dietary fatty acids on growth and feed efficiency Efficacy of different fatty acids on the Korean rockfish was investigated by feeding diets containing each of the different fatty acids, 12:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, and n-3HUFA for 9 weeks. The best growth and feed efficiency were obtained from the fish fed diet containing n-3HUFA (P<0.05). 2. n-3HUFA requirement Requirement of dietary n-3HUFA for the Korean rockfish (5.9 g in mean body weight) was investigated with the test diets containing different levels of n-3HUFA ranging from $0\%$ to $4.0\%$ at $8\%$ dietary lipid level. After 6 weeks of feeding experiment, fish performance and fatty acid composition of liver were studied. Growth was significantly improved with increasing dietary n-3HUFA level up to the $0.9\%$ in the diet (P<0.05). Higher values of lipid content, 18:1/n-3HUFA ratio of polar lipid of liver and hepatosomatic index were observed in the fish fed n-3HUFA deficient diets. The groups of fish fed lower levels of dietary n-3HUFA showed higher 18:1 and love. n-3HUFA (EPA+DHA) levels in polar lipid of the liver. The data obtained in these experiments indicated that dietary n-3HUFA was essential for the Korean rockfish, and required level of n-3HUFA was around $0.9\%$ in diet.

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Effects of Liquid Culture of Coriolus versicolor on Lipid Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in Rats fed Cholesterol Diet. (운지버섯 배양액이 콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 지질 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Koh Jin-Bog
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.15 no.5 s.72
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    • pp.790-795
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    • 2005
  • The effects of liquid culture of Coriolus (C) versicolor on weight gain, food intakes, food efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations were investigated in male rats fed the high cholesterol diets. Eight weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were given three different types of diet for six weeks, respectively: a control diet ($ 20\% fat +0.5 \% $ cholesterol), two kinds of C versicolor diet (control diet + $ 30\% or 40\%$C. versicozor in water) according to the levels of C. versicolor supplementation. The body weight gains of the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets were lower than those in the rats fed the control diet. The food intake, food efficiency ratios, and liver, kidney, epididymal fat pad weights of the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\%$ C. versicoEer diets were similar to those of the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets were significantly lower than those in the rats fed the control diet. The concentrations in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly lower in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\%$ C. versicolor diets compared to those fed the control diet. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly higher in the rats fed $ 30\% or 40\% $ C. versicolor diets compared to those fed the control diet. The fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride in the rats fed $ 40\% $ C. versicolor diet was significantly higher than that of the rats fed the control diet. There were no significant difference found in the serum trigly-ceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol concentrations among the experimental groups. These results showed that the C. versicolor feeding decreased the hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride, and the serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the serum HDL-cholesterol/ total-cholesterol ratio of the rats.

A Study on Health Condition and Nutritional Status of Female University Students in Masan Area (마산시 일부 여대생의 건강상태 및 영양섭취 실태 조사)

  • Park, Eun-Ju;Cheong, Hyo-Sook;Shin, Dong-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.1501-1514
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health condition and nutritional status in female university students in Masan. The 285 subjects aged 20.1 years (18~26 years) were assessed with a set of questionnaire composed of general information, food, smoking, drinking and exercise habits, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The rates of smoking and alcohol drinking habits were 1.8% and 82.5%, respectively. All the subjects had the experience of passive smoking. The 11% of the students exercised regularly and 11.6% ate meal regularly. The average height and weight of subjects were 161.0 ㎝ and 53.9 ㎏, respectively and the BMI was calculated as 20.8${\pm}$2.6 ㎏/$m^2$:The 13.3% of subjects were underweight, while 6.7% of them were overweight. The mean value for body fat was 26.4% and subscapular and tricep skinfolds thickness were 14.2 ㎜ and 16.9 ㎜, and waist-hip ratio was 0.72. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure of the subjects was 115.9 ㎜Hg/70.9 ㎜Hg. Except protein, phosphorous, vitamin E, B_6 and C, the average intakes of energy and nutrients were below the Korea recom-mended dietary allowance (RDA). Especially, intakes of calcium, iron and zinc were the lowest, as <70% of RDA. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates : protein : fat was 58.0 : 15.8 : 26.2. The 10 frequently consumed food were ssalbap (47.2/mon), kimchi (35.6/mon), onion (16.8/mon), japgokbap (15.1/mon), sesame oil (14.1/mon), carbonated drink (13.3/mon), grapes (12.7/mon), ice cream (12.4/mon), milk (11.9/mon) and water-melon (10.6/mon). Results of this study could be useful for planning nutrition education programs for female university students in this area to improve their dietary habit and health status.

Effect of Probiotic Supplemention on the Performance and Quality Characteristics of Meat from Finishing Pigs (복합생균제의 첨가급여가 비육돈의 생산성과 육질특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hee-Yoon;Kim, Young-Jik;Park, Gu-Boo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics on the growth and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of forty eight ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) pigs ($55.3{\pm}1.5 kg$ average initial body weight) were randomly assigned to four groups and fed on a diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% probiotics for 58 days. The pigs were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg live weight. Supplementation with 0.2% probiotics significantly (p<0.05) increased daily gain compared to the control. The daily gain of pigs in the 0.2% probiotic group was 0.95 kg whereas that of the control was 0.85 kg. The average feed intake was 2.79-2.84 kg and there were no significant differences in feed intake between the control and test groups. The feed conversion of the 0.2% probiotic group was 2.96 kg whereas the control showed a feed conversion of 3.28 kg. The results of this study imply that supplementation with 0.2% probiotics may improve the feed conversion of pigs. There were significant differences in carcass weight, carcass ratio, backfat thickness, and frequency percentage of A grade carcasses between the control and probiotic test groups. In addition, the moisture, crude protein and crude ash contents of the probiotic treated groups did not differ significantly from the control group, however the crude fat values of the 0.2% probiotic test group was significantly tower than the other groups. The muscle pH levels of all samples ranged from 5.63-5.67 which is the normal pH of pork. The supplementation of probiotics resulted in decreased lightness ($L^*$) values and increased redness ($a^*$) values. Furthermore, the saturated fatty acid contents of the 0.2% and 0.5% probiotic test groups decreased and the unsaturated fatty acid contents increased relative to the control.

Effect of Feeding Cordyceps with Fly Pupa on Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens (브로일러의 성장에 관한 파리번데기 동충하초 급여효과)

  • Park, Byung-Sung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.1541-1548
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the addition of different levels of CFP (Cordyceps with fly pupa) on growth performance in broiler chickens. 400 broiler chicks (Ross 308, 1 day old) were sorted randomly into 4 treatment groups and fed experimental diets for 35 days. The treatment groups were divided into a control group not fed with CFP (T1), and treatment groups fed with CFP 2.0% (T2), CFP 3.5% (T3), and CFP 5.0% (T4). Although the broilers' weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the T3 group throughout the entirety of the test period, no statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups. Triglyceride in the blood, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were significantly lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The blood lipid reduction rate ranged from 5.32 to 10.63% for triglycerides, from 9.23 to 12.62% for total cholesterol, and from 44.67 to 53.81% for LDL-C in the CFP treatment groups relative to the control group. The abdominal fat weight ratio was reduced significantly in the CFP treatment groups (p<0.05) compared with the control group, with a reduction rate range of 17.67-21.68%. Broiler carcass weight, carcass rate, and ratios of breast muscle, skin and thigh muscle weights to carcass weight were significantly higher in the T3 group, and statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups (p<0.05). Enteropathogenic E.coli and Salmonella were lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group, whereas the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the Cordyceps with fly pupa can improve the carcass characteristics and body weight gain in broiler chickens.

Relation between Health Status and Intake of Soy Isoflavone among Adult Women in Seoul (서울 거주 성인 여성의 대두 이소플라본 섭취와 건강과의 관련성)

  • Lee, Min-June;Sohn, Chun-Young;Park, Ok-Jin
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.218-230
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to survey isoflavone intake among adult women in menopause with diseases such as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis and to analyze the relationship between each of these chronic diseases followed by isoflavone intake and the related health risk index. The average age of the subjects was 49.97 years old, while that of the pre-menopausal subjects was 45.14 years, and the post-menopausal subjects was 55.99 years. The average body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid content of the post-menopausal subjects were higher in significant difference than those of the pre-menopausal subjects. The bone density of the hip and spine in post-menopausal subjects was lower in significant difference than that of the pre-menopausal subjects. After menopause, the subjects had a lower ratio of individuals at risk of anemia when compared with the subjects before menopause, but had higher health risk ratio related to each type of chronic disease, including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol and osteoporosis than the subjects before menopause. The intake frequency of each soybean food was similar among subjects before/after menopause. The most common soybean based foods consumed by the subjects were soybean, soybean curd and soybean paste. The average daily intake level of isoflavone among subjects before menopause was 25.48 mg, while that of subjects after menopause was 32.25 mg. Evaluation of the distribution of the isoflavone level revealed that the pre-menopausal subjects consumed 3.29~78.36 mg and the post-menopausal subjects consumed 3.18~116.59 mg. The intake level by each individual varied greatly. The pre-menopausal subjects had a low BMI index and systolic blood pressure as much as their isoflavone intake level was high. Additionally, the post-menopausal subjects had a low menarche age and high menopause age when their isoflavone intake level was high, the BMI index and waist-hip circumference ratio was highest among individuals with lowest isoflavone intake level. This study showed that there was a possible relationship between soybean isoflavone intake and health problems such as obesity, high cholesterol, and osteoporosis in women after menopause with diseases such as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis, even if this relationship was not great.

A Study on Development of New Products by Old Chicken Meat (노폐계(老廢鷄)를 이용(利用)한 육제품(肉製品) 개발(開發)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Han, Sung Wook;Lee, Kyu Seung;Chang, Kyu Sup;Jeon, Chang Kie
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.87-102
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    • 1980
  • In order to investigate the utilization probability of two years old laying hen for W.L. and R.I.R. breeds, carcass weight and percentage were examined and dried old chicken meat products were manufactured for experiments. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Average living body weight were 1,635.40g for the W.L. breeds and 2,289.29g for the R.I.R. breeds and percentage carcass and lean meat for the W.L. were 58.73% and 43.95%, for the R.I.R. 60.34%, 41.98%, respectively. 2. In constitution percentage of carcass on different parts for W.L. and R.I.R. breeds, head were 4.13% and 3.94%, wing 9.97% and 8.62%, breast 32.54% and 20.94%, back 11.35% and 9.75%, thigh 30.75% and 31.34%, hypordermic fat 11.37% and 17.34%, respectively. 3. In constitution percentage of lean meat on different parts for W.L. and R.I.R. breeds, head were 4.03% and 3.95%, wing 9.47% and 9.79%, breast 39.37% and 38.14%, back 11.24% and 9.40%, thigh 36.16% and 38.74%, respectively. 4. In chemical composition of old chicken meat for W.L. breed, moisture was 68.18%, crude protein 22.80%, crude fat 2.70%, extract 5.15% and crude ash 1.18% and for R.I.R. breed, moisture was 68.04%, crude protein 22.18%, crude fat 3.13%, extract 5.45% and crude ash 1.21%. 5. Weight loss in steaming for W.L. at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30min., 60min., and 90min. were 54.91, 56.43 and 58.42%, respectively, and for R.I.R. were 45.23, 47.68 and 49.68%, respectively. 6. The yield of old chicken meat product per a hen were 253.01g for W.L. and 368.64g for R.I.R., the ratio for fresh meat weight and for carcass weight were 35.47% and 26.34% for W.L. breed and 38.25 and 26.83% for R.I.R. breed. 7. In chemical composition of old chicken meat product for W.L., moisture was 16.69%, crude protein 66.16%, crude fat 12.81%, crude ash 4.35%, and R.I.R., moisture 16.11%, crude protein 65.95%, crude fat 13.78% and crude ash 4.57%. 8. To investigate the physical properties which was main factor affecting the product quality, tensile strength, tear strength and elongation rate were measured. The adhesive force of the product made under pressure of $70kg/cm^2$ was similar to those of chipo which was the control product. 9. When measured the color of each protein product, lightness of the product pressed at $70kg/cm^2$ was better than that at $35kg/cm^2$, and the lightness of breast muscle product at $70kg/cm^2$ and chipo was not significant as 16.7% and 16.4%, respectively. Dominant wavelength of product pressed at $70kg/cm^2$ was very similar to chipo which was yellowish orange. 10. In the results of sensory evaluation test containing taste, color, chewing texture and oder of the meat product, when index of chipo as control product was 100, index of breast meat product was higher than that as 118.4, but miscellaneous product was 99.7 and thigh product was 96.2. 11. Summing up the results written above, the meat product utilizing two years old laying hen was compared favorably with its similar food such as chipo on the point of nutrition and physical properties as high protein food, therefore, it was thought that industrialization must be highly appropriate.

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Effects of Total Mixed Rations with Corn on Growth and Meat Quality of Castrated Korean Black Goats (옥수수 첨가 TMR 사료 급여가 거세흑염소의 발육과 육질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Uk;Choi, Young-Sun;Yoo, Dae-Joong;Ku, Min-Jung;Lee, Gi-Ho;Park, Sang-Guk
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dietary corn levels in Total Mixed Rations (TMR) on growth and meat quality of castrated Korean black goats. For feeding trials, thirty-two castrated Korean black goats with similar age (average of 3 months) and body weight (average of 15.9 kg) were divided into the following four treatment groups: commercial feed (control), TMR containing 15% of corn (T1), TMR containing 25% of corn (T2), and TMR containing 35% of corn (T3) in a randomized complete block design. Final body weight was the highest in T2 (58.9 kg), followed by that in control group (53.1 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) and total dry matter intake (TDMI) were also the highest in T2 (100.2 g and 1,346 g, respectively). However, feed conversion ratio (13.4) was the lowest in T2. Carcass weight and dressing percentage in T2 and T3 were higher than those in the control. For meat quality characteristics, crude fat content was the highest in T2 (6.54%). Cooking loss (15.2%) was the lowest in the control. However, the control had the highest flavor value (5.3%). Oleic acid (C18:l) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the highest in T2 (48.6% and 22.4%, respectively). Stearic acid (C18:0) was the highest in T1 (14.5%). Unsaturated fatty acid was the highest in the control (58.8%), followed by that in T3 (58.2%), T2 (57.8%), and T1 (54.4%). These results indicate that TMR containing 25% of corn could improve the growth performance and meat quality of castrated Korean black goats.

Anthropometry, Blood Pressure, Serum Lipid Levels and Nutrient Intakes in People with Impaired Fasting Glucose and with Diabetes (공복혈당장애군 및 당뇨군의 비만도, 혈압, 혈청 지질 농도 및 영양소 섭취 상태)

  • 김은경;권숙정
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.303-313
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and nutrient intakes in three groups: a group with an impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) condition (62 males and 30 females); a group with normal blood glucose (73 males and 50 females); and a group with diabetes mellitus (DM) (79 males and 49 females). In male subjects, body mass index (BMI) and obesity index values were significantly higher in the IFG group than in normal and DM groups, but waist/hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different from those of the DM group. In female subjects, there was no difference in body weight, BMI, obesity index and WHR values between the IFG and the DM groups. The prevalence of obesity in the IFG group (males 43.6%, females 76.7%) was the highest among the three groups. The percentage of high SBP (40.0%) and high DBP (52.0%) in male subjects of the IFG group was significantly greater than in the DM group or the normal group. In the male subjects, the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly higher in the DM group than in the normal and IFG groups. There was no difference in various nutrient intakes(energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, iron, vitamin A and cholesterol) among the three groups. In male subjects, the percentage of energy intake from alcohol was higher in the IFG group (7.0%) than that of the normal (4.5%) and the DM (5.6%) groups. The fasting blood glucose level had a positive correlation with WHR, TG, the athrogenic index and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol. This study suggested that the IFG group had a higher obesity index, BMI, blood pressure and serum lipid levels (TG, cholesterol) than the normal or the DM group; furthermore, the IFG group had higher levels of alcohol intake and habits of taking unbalanced diets. Therefore, guidelines for IFG group should emphasize weight control, diet therapy, physical activities and regular balanced diets, in order to prevent diabetes in this group.