• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1996

The aim of this study is to clarify the style of fashion design which represented three types of erotic mood. And it will have its significance in finding out some standards which call be applied to practical designing. The positive analysis on this study is composed of two parts-the analysis of fashion journals and of questionaire. Analysis of fashion design is to seize and to compare frequence of 17 style of fashion design in the delivery of erotic mood in $\ulcorner$Mot$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Vogue$\lrcorner$. The questionaire is to investigate preference and inclination of perception in erotic mood of 17 style of fashion design by sex and age. The results were as follows: 1) In $\ulcorner$Vogue$\lrcorner$ than in $\ulcorner$Mot$\lrcorner$ erotic style ate actively made use of. 2) To suggest style of fashion design expressed 3 moods of erotic can be applied to practical designing is as follows. Expression of 'romantic & mysterious' mood is desirab]e exposed body line in motion style in male, twenties and thirties. Expression of 'seductive h stimulating' mood is desirable bosom exposure, leg exposure, adhere of bosom, adhere of waist, seen-through leg, slit, exposed body line in motion style in male and twenties and seen-through bosom, adhere of hip, slash style in male. This mood is desirable exposed body line motion style in thirties and forties. Expression of 'sensuous & attractive' mood is desirable bosom exposure, leg exposure, adhere of bosom, adhere of waist, seen-through leg, slit, exposed body line in motion style in male and twenties and adhere of hip, seen-through bosom, slash style ill male. And this mood is desirable adhere of waist, arm exposure style in female and adhere of waist, exposed body line in motif style in thirties and forties.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in a polymerization reaction in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been used in many consumer products, including plastics, polyvinyl chloride, food packaging, dental sealants, and thermal receipts. However, there is little information available on the inhalation toxicity of BPA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine its inhalation toxicity and effects on the estrous cycle, spatial learning, and memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and $90mg/m^3$ BPA, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum chemistry, estrous cycle parameters, performance in the Morris water maze test, and organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings, were compared between the control and BPA exposure groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in serum chemistry and organ weights upon exposure to BPA. However, there was no BPA-related toxic effect on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, estrous cycle, performance in the Morris water maze test, or gross or histopathological lesions in any male or female rats in the BPA exposure groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for BPA in rats is above $90mg/m^3$/6 hr/day, 5 days/week upon 8-week exposure. Furthermore, BPA did not affect the estrous cycle, spatial learning, or memory in rats.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2015

The increasing use of mobile phones has raised public concern about the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the human brain. To investigate the potential effect of RF-EMF exposure on the brain, we examined the behaviors and hippocampal morphology of C57BL/6 mice after sub-chronic exposure to RF-EMFs with a relatively high SAR level (5.0 W/kg). We applied a 2-hour daily exposure of WCDMA 1,950 MHz using a reverberation chamber that was designed for whole-body exposure for 60 days. In the behavioral tests, RF-EMF did not alter the physical activity or long-term memory of mice. Moreover, no alteration was found in the neuronal and glial cells in the hippocampus by RF-EMFs. In this study, we showed that sub-chronic whole body RF exposure did not produce memory impairment and hippocampal morphological alteration in C57BL/6 mice.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.318-328
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• 2005

Our interest in human body is more and more increasing. Not only academic and art communities but also other social communities show a keen interest in the human body. Especially, the breast of women's body parts may be comparable to men's penis because it is protruded. The breast which sexually distinguishes women from men becomes an important topic in the fashion design community. Therefore, such designs which emphasize the breast are being introduced in a natural way. This paper aims at examining the reason and symbolism for the exposure of breast and analyzing the fashion design that breast is exposed. This study will help us grasp the meaning which the design has. The exposure's scope of breast in the design includes the partial exposure, total exposure and the concealment of breast. But these all have their effects in each scope. For this paper, some general things were investigated. They are as follows: the phases of breast exposure in the fashion design, the exposure of breast expressed in the works of fine art, and the alteration of breast-exposing phenomenon shown in apparels. Then, each type of breast-exposing design shown in the women's fashion was analyzed from the middle of 1980s' when the phenomenon of breast exposure occurred to the year 2004. These could be divided into 4 types. They include a suggestive type, an exaggerative type, an open type and a reproductive type. As the result of analysis of 4 types, such meanings of design as an emphasis of femininity, an expression of liberty, a symbol of maternity and a commercialization of sex could be analogized.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

목 적: 기존의 광자선을 이용한 선형가속기와는 달리, 양성자 치료의 경우 물질과의 상호작용으로 발생되는 중성자를 비롯한 여러 핵종 등으로 인해 다량의 이차방사선이 생성되기 때문에 방사선 작업 종사자의 피폭은 더욱 주의 깊은 관심이 필요하다. 이에 방사선 측정 시에 널리 이용되고 있는 열형광선량계를 이용하여 방사선 작업 종사자의 피폭정도를 평가하고 이를 토대로 양성자 치료 시 방사선 피폭선량에 관한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본원의 양성자 치료실에서 근무한 방사선 작업 종사자를 대상으로 열형광선량계 뱃지를 이용해 피폭현황을 측정한 데이터를 비교했다. 양성자의 빔 라인 주변에서 발생하는 이차방사선의 신체부위별 피폭선량 분포를 알아보고자 신체부위(외안각, 목, 유두점, 배꼽, 등, 손목)에 가로, 세로가 각각 3 mm인 정사각형 모양의 열형광선량계를 부착하여 일일 8시간의 근무시간동안 유지하도록 하였고 총 80시간 측정하여 평균 데이터를 얻었다. 그리고 치료실 내 공간적인 방사선량의 분포를 보기 위하여 빔 사출구, PPS (Patient Positioning System), Pendant, 차폐체보관장, DIPS (Digital Image Positioning System) Console, 출입통로에 각각 열형광선랑계를 부착하고 일일 근무시간 동안의 평균 방사선량을 측정하였다. 결 과: 방사선 작업 종사자의 열형광선량계 뱃지로 측정된 피폭량을 조사한 결과 분기별 평균 0.174 mSv, 연평균 0.543 mSv로 나타났고 신체부위별로 측정한 결과에서 가장 많은 피폭량을 보인 곳은 목이였으며 가장 적은 피폭량을 보인 곳은 등(양견갑골 상각을 이은 선의 중간 지점)으로 나타났다. 작업 동선에 따른 공간적 방사선량을 알아본 결과에서는 빔 사출구 근처에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났고 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 줄어들었다. 결 론: 적은 양의 피폭일지라도 동일 장소에서 장기 근무하게 되면 피폭 누적량은 증가할 수밖에 없고 특정 부위의 누적량은 건강상의 위험을 가져다 줄 수도 있다. 그러므로 국제 방사선 방어 위원회가 권고하는 ALARA의 원칙에 따라 가능한 합리적으로 감소시킬 수 있도록 스스로 개인별 피폭관리에 철저를 기하고 피폭을 최소화시키는데 최선의 노력을 다해야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2024

Employees of nuclear medicine facilities performing medical procedures with the use of open radioactive sources require continuous detailed control of exposure to ionizing radiation. Thermoluminescent (TL) detectors placed in dosimeters: for the whole body, for lenses, ring and wrist dosimeters were used to assess exposure. The highest whole-body exposure of (1.70 ± 1.09) µSv/GBq was recorded in nurses administering radiopharmaceutical to patients. The highest exposure to lenses and fingers was recorded for employees of the quality control zone and it was (8.08 ± 2.84) µSv/GBq and a maximum of (1261.46 ± 338.93) µSv/GBq, respectively. Workers in the production zone received the highest doses on their hands, i.e. (175.67 ± 13.25) µSv/GBq. The measurements performed showed that the analyzed workers may be classified as exposure category A. Wrist dosimeters are not recommended for use in isotope laboratories due to underestimation of ionizing radiation doses. Appropriately selected shields, which significantly reduce the dose received by employees, must be used in isotope laboratories. Periodic measurements confirmed that the appropriate optimization of exposure reduces the radiation doses received by employees.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personal exposure to $PM_{10}$ by body parts for the development of dust monitoring wearable device for swine farmers. Methods: Tasks were classified by using motion pictures taken by action cameras attached to swine farmers. Concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were measured by attaching direct-reading instruments at the head, neck and waist of worker. Differences of $PM_{10}$ exposure between body parts were analyzed with linear regression. Results: We identified three tasks(vaccination, moving pigs, and manure treatment). $PM_{10}$ concentration during vaccination was the highest among the tasks, and the body part showing the highest concentration of $PM_{10}$ was the waist regardless of task. In all tasks, the closer distance between the body parts, the higher were the R-squared values(vaccination 0.4221, moving pigs 0.6990, and manure treatment 0.2164). Conclusions: We presumed that $PM_{10}$ concentrations were affected by the parts of the body in which they were measured. In order to develop swine farmer's wearable device for monitoring dust concentration in air, the determination of the positions of monitoring sensor to ensure accurate measurement is essential. Considering the results of this study, wearable sensor should be positioned at the waist.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2005

This paper addresses what amount of whole-body vibration is exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during flight. To measure the whole-body exposed from the feet and seat, the 12-axis vibration measurement system was used. It enables simultaneous measurement of vibration exposure from the body contact area of the feet, hip and back. The measured 12-axis vibration signals are exploited to the comfort level of UH60 helicopters during flight. It is shown that the evaluated ride value is close to $0.74{\sim}0.79m/s^2$ and that it is equivalent to the semantic scale of 'fairly uncomfortable'. To assess the health effects of whole-body vibration exposed to pilots of UH60 helicopters during their flight, the rms-based and VDV(vibration dose value)-based evaluation results of measured four-axis vibration signals are shown in this work. The fatigue-decreased proficiency limit, whose level is half of the exposure limit, is expected to come after the two-hour flight. The exposure limit is shown to reach after the 10-hour flight.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate ideal body image and clothing style through the analysis of models portrayed in fragrance advertisement that is the representative goods showing the fashion brand image. For this study, 120 perfume advertisements appeared in GQ and Vogue magazines issued in 2002 were selected. The models' characteristics portrayed in advertisement are categorized with role relationship, race, body exposure and clothing styles. The results are as follows. 1. Fragrance advertisements most commonly depict a single model portraying narcissism, and later then most common are advertisements both male and female model in a sexual relationship. 2. The analysis of models' race shows racism toward Asian models and Afro- American models. White models are main characters in fragrance advertisements more often than other races, and in mixed-ethnic ads, whites typically outnumbered minorities. This shows currently aesthetic stereotypes, that is, white ideology still exists. 3. The results of models' body exposure are showing nudism with partially clad or nude. This shows the eroticism of male and female. 4. The highest portion of clothing style appeared in fragrance advertisement were casual wear for male model and dressy formal wear for female models, which respects current fashion trends.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2002

To experiment the effects between cadmium inhalation toxicity and extracts of Folium Mori, rat inhalation exposure groups were exposed to cadmium aerosol in air by whole-body inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 4 weeks. Cadmium concentration in the air of cadmium aerosol was 1.02㎎/㎥ and mass median diameter(MMD) was 1.40μm. Intraperitoneal injection of extracts of Folium Mori to inhalation exposure groups was done for 4 weeks and the results were as follows: The highest body weight gain for 4 weeks and food intake per day were 126.39g/4 weeks and 19.18g/day from inhalation exposure group III, respectively. The highest lung and liver weight were 1.27g and 8.19g from inhalation exposure group II, respectively. The highest kidney weight was 1.805g from inhalation exposure control. The lowest cadmium content in lung was 86.39μg/g from inhalation exposure group III. The lowest cadmium concentration in blood was 7.12㎍/㎗ from inhalation exposure group III. Cadmium concentrations of 40.02㎍/g in liver and 69.18㎍/g in kidney were the lowest from inhalation exposure group I and III, respectively. For weekly cadmium concentration in urine, the value of the fourth week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest, 3.12㎍/㎖. For weekly cadmium concentration in feces, the value of the fourth week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest, 2.67 ㎍/g. The highest metallothionein concentration in lung was 74.65㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III and the highest metallothionein concentration in liver was 386.84㎍/g from inhalation exposure group II. The highest metallothionein concentration in kidney was 236.17 ㎍/g from inhalation exposure group II.