• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2003

The $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$3AR) plays a major role in thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and visceral adipose tissue, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of $\beta$3AR gene polymorphism on the risk of hyperglycemia in 980 Korean women who attended a weight loss program in a local clinic. Each subject s height, weight, BMI, WHR, obesity index and body composition were measured. The genotype of the $\beta$3AR gene in codon 64 was analyzed by the PCR RFLP method. Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, of total and HDL cholesterol, and of TG were determined. Genotype distributions were as follows : 67% WW type, 31% WR type, and 2% RR type. Among the many measured parameters, fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in the WR/RR type compared with the WW type (p=0.0ll). When the subjects were divided into two groups by a fasting blood glucose level higher or lower than 6.105mmol/L (110mg/dl), the frequency of hyperglycemia showed a significant difference in relation to $\beta$3AR genotype as measured by $\X^2$-analysis (p=0.014); the frequency of hyperglycemia was significantly higher (at 24.8%) in WR/RR type subjects, compared to 18.2% in WW type subjects. When all of the measured parameters were included in stepwise logistic regression analyses to find the risk factors for hyperglycemia, the odds ratios for hyperglycemia were 1.573 (p=0.0ll) for the WR/RR type of the $\beta$3AR gene, 1.053 (p=0.001) for TG, 1.044 (p=0.037) for BMI, and 1.026 for age (p=0.031). These data suggest that the WR/RR genotype of the $\beta$3AR has a very strong association with increased blood glucose level and might be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia among Korean women.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

The present research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of increasing female offspring production ratios using artificial insemination buffer (AIB) before artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, we optimized AIB composition, made an AIB gun and analyze factors affecting AI non-return rate after AIB treatment. The AIB was made with the base of Tris-buffer supplemented with L-arginine and several other chemicals that might reduce the motility of male sperm compared to the female counterpart, therefore, increasing the possibility of fertilization by female sperm. AIB must be deposited into $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix by AIB gun. After 15 min of AIB deposition, frozen semen was deposited into the same place. A total of 348 cattle were inseminated with AIB insemination, and there were no significant differences between AIB and traditional AI non-return rates (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The AI non-return rate in AIB group, however, differed significantly among 7 Hanwoo farms. The parturition numbers ($1^{st}$ to $7^{th}$) of cows did not affect AIB AI rate. The proportion of AIB AI success rates was significantly higher in Hanwoo cows than in dairy cows (61.0% vs. 48.7%), but the average AI success rate did not differ significantly between AIB and conventional AI (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The female offspring production rate in $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix deposition place was significantly higher than that in the uterus body (77.7% vs. 59.6%, p<0.05). The injection volume of AIB in 5 and 10 ml was significantly higher than that in 2 ml (77.7%, 78.7% vs. 51.8%, p<0.05), but there were no differences in AIB injection volume between 5 and 10 ml. The best exposure time of AIB in the cervix was 10 to 15 min rather than 5 min (79.2%, 77.2% vs. 52.6%, p<0.05). AIB therefore needs to have an exposure time of at least over 10 min for a higher production rate of female offspring. In conclusion, AIB could be used in AI industry to increase the female offspring ratio and AIB AI can increase the AI success rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1209-1223
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• 2009

In this review, the terminology that is used to describe ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in piglet feed ingredients is defined. If one accepts that the determination of AA digestibilities should be based on the ileal analysis method, one should consider that ileal digesta contains variable amounts of endogenous crude protein (CP), which originates mainly from digestive secretions, sloughedoff epithelial cells and mucins. The ileal endogenous CP and AA losses are separated into basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{B}$), which are not influenced by the feed ingredient composition, and specific ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{S}$), which are induced by feed ingredient characteristics such as level and type of fiber and anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Depending how ileal endogenous CP and AA losses are considered in the measurement of CP and AA digestibilities, digestibility values are expressed as apparent (AID), standardized (SID), or true (TID) ileal digestibilities of CP and AA. The main concern associated with the use of AID values in diet formulation for pigs is that they are not additive in mixtures of feed ingredients. Consequently, the concept of standardized ileal CP and AA digestibilities was introduced by correcting AID values for basal ileal endogenous CP and AA losses ($IAAL_{B}$). The correction for both $IAAL_{B}$ and $IAAL_{S}$ yields TID values, however, routine procedures to measure $IAAL_{S}$ are not yet available. In principle, SID values should be preferred, because they represent the fundamental properties of the feed ingredient. There exist only few reports on SID of CP and AA in feedstuffs frequently used in piglet nutrition. These include soybeans (SB), soybean meal (SBM), soy proteins (SP), soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate (SPI), corn gluten (CG), wheat gluten (WG), pea protein (PeaP), potato protein (PotP), fish meal (FM) and whey proteins (WP), but the results obtained are inconsistent. Differences in SID values within feed ingredients may, at least in part, be attributed to different processing conditions or inherent differences of the assay feed ingredients. Moreover, there is some evidence that the determination of SID values and $IAAL_{B}$ in piglets may be confounded by the dietary CP level of the assay diet, age and (or) body weight (BW), the level of feed intake or the methodological approach used to determine $IAAL_{B}$.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 1996

Livestock products like meat, milk and egg have been principal food sources for human beings since the historic periods of time. Nowadays consumption of these food items have been avoided due to its high contents of SFA, cholesterol and total fat which are major culprits of chronic adult diseases causing major deaths of people. However, the relationship between livestock products and diseases is not always true because the amounts of fat and cholesterol and types of fatty acids in meat and meat by-products depend on the part of the meat and types of animals. Although meat intakes do not always cause mai or adult diseases, still the developmental necessity does exist for animal foods equipped with biologically active properties, which in turn can improve nutritional status and health more than ever Meat with high protein lean part and low fat can be produced by applying synthetic somatotropin and beta-adrenergic agonists like clenbuterol, cimaterol etc. during breeding. This application brings benefits like higher growth rate, lower fat contents and improve feed efficiency ratios. Meats fortified with long chain PUFA($\omega$-3 fatty acids) can also be produced by modulating feed composition.Egg Products have faced the reduced sales annually because of its high cholesterol contents. Recently brand eggs fortified with special nutrients or chemical components having functional proper ties in the human body system are very popular Research Interests have been focused on eggs with low cholesterol and high omega-3 fatty acids. Low cholesterol eggs and high omega-3 eggs can be produced in several different ways, but popular way to increase is feeding the feeds with different oil sources containing high omega-3 and 6 fatty acids such as fish oil, perilla oil, linseed oil and lecithin etc. But proper compositon of feed formula should be found and economically beneficial. Brand eggs fortified with vitamin, mineral, unknown growth factors are also manufactured. Low cholesterol and high $\omega$-3 PUFA milk are marketed recently Cholesterol removal technology is not completely established and has several limitations to be overcome. Milk fortified with $\omega$-3 fatty acids is made by incorporating high &13 fatty acid foods in feed despite of extraordinary way of fatty acid metabolism In cow. All these biologically active products will be very beneficial and useful for human consumption when limitations of manufacturing technology such as safety and lowered sensory qualities are resolved. Furthermore, thorough and precise tests and quality control for these products should be performed to ensure the effectiveness and usefulness in terms of improving health and nutritional status in general. However one caution should be pointed out to lay people informing that these items are nothing but a food and not panacea. Therefore, it is important to remember that the only way of maintaining good health is absolutely through consuming balanced diet.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1996

서해 군산연안에 서식하는 풀망둑의 생태 연구를 위해 1994년 5월부터 1995년 6월까지 매월 표본을 채집하였으며, 서식환경, 난소의 성숙과정과 산란기, 포란수, 자어의 출현과 착저(着底)시기, 성장, 먹이생물 등을 분석하였다. 본 종의 난소 발달과정은 $10\~11$월의 난원세포기, $12\~2$월의 성장기, $2\~4$월의 성숙기, 4월-5월 초의 완숙 및 산란기로 구분되었다. 4월 하순부터 산란을 시작하여 5월 중순에 대부분 산란을 종료하였고, 산란성기는 5월 초${\cdot}$중순이었다. 포란수는 전장에 유의한 차이를 보였으며 약 $8,600\~49,000$ 여개를 포란하고 있었다. 성숙란을 포함하는 최소 성체는 전장 225mm(체장 180mm)였다. 5월 중순 이후 6월 초까지 전장 10mm 미만의 자어가 출현하였으며, 5월 말부터는 전장 $13.0\~15.0mm$의 개체들이 조간대 부근의 천해역에서 저서생활을 시작하였다. 이들은 빠른 속도로 성장하여 10월 무렵에는 평균 전장 141.7 mm에 달하였는데, 이후 12월부터는 천해역에서 자취를 감추고 이듬해 산란기까지 조하대로 이동하여 생활하였다. 본 연구에서 채집된 풀망둑의 최대 전장은 산란 직전인 4월에 채집된 것으로 수컷이 531mm, 암컷이 472mm 였다. 위내용물은 어린 개체들의 경우 요각류와 기타 무척추동물의 유생을 섭식하였고, 성체에 있어서는 게, 어류, 새우류, 두족류, 갯지렁이류 등을 다양하게 섭식하였으며, 특히 새우류의 섭식량이 많았다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

우리나라의 대하양식은 먹이생물이 대체로 풍부한 연안 및 만을 중심으로 제방을 쌓거나 폐쇄된 염전 등을 이용하여 극히 한정된 장송에서 실시되고 있다. 본 조사 대하 양식장인 남해의 갈화 양식장은 조석차이를 이용한 해수교환이 주기적으로 실시되고 있으나, 서해의 운호 양식장은 단지 양수에 의한 해수보충이 가끔 실시되고 있을 뿐이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 갈화와 운호양식장의 환경특성을 파악하였고, 이에 따른 성장을 비교.검토하다. 갈화양식자의 저질성상은 사질이 약 70%를 차지한데 비해 운호 양식장은 대부분 펄이 차지하고 있었다. 저질중의 황화물은 갈화 양식장에서 1.8mgS/g-dry, 운호 양식장에서 4.7mgS/g-dry가 측정되어 약 3배의 차이를 나타내었다. 해수중의 ammonia-N 및 $H_2S$ 농도는 갈화 양식장에서 각각 0.10mg/${\ell}$ 및 10.8 ${\mu}$g/${\ell}$가 측정된 반면, 운호 양식장에서는 약 2배 이상 높은 0.31mg/l 및 21.2${\mu}$g/${\ell}$이 측정되었다. 또한, DO는 7월부터 8월에 걸쳐 갈화 양식장에서 6.0mg/${\ell}$이하, 운호 양식장에서는 5.0mg/${\ell}$이하가 관찰되었다. 대하의 체장과 체중은 10월 갈화 양식장의 158.2mm 및 28.9g에 비해 운호 양식장에서는 138.3mm 및 22.9g로 유의하게 낮은 성장을 보였다. 또한, 대하의 일일 성장률도 양식기간을 통해 갈화 양식장에 비해 운호 양식장에서 낮게 나타났다/ 따라서, 운호 양식장의 저층수에서 측정된 ammonia-N, $H_2S$ 및 DO는 대하의 성장에 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 의미한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 유아기 위험상황에서 자신의 신체를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 안전보건 능력의 중요성이 강조되고 있지만 유아안전보건지식 측정에 대한 타당화된 검사도구의 부족으로, 유아의 안전보건지식 측정할 수 있는 도구 개발 필요성에 대한 근거를 마련하고자 하는 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 교육전문가 및 유아교육전문가의 의견을 수렴하여 만 3~5세의 유아 안전보건지식 측정에 적합한 구성요인을 추출하였다. 이를 기초로 개발된 측정문항은 3-5세 유아 186명을 대상으로 설문조사하여 문항구성의 적합도와 내용의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 문항반응분포시 0.8이하값은 삭제하였고, 상관도 r<.40이하의 문항도 삭제하였고, 신뢰도검사에서 .70이상으로 나타났다. 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐 총 3영역 23개 문항으로 개발되었다. 최종문항에 대한 안전보건지식 총점과 상관도는 .80이상으로 나타나 유의미한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 유아안전보건지식 측정도구는 문항변별도, 문항신뢰도인 문항내적 일치도, 내용타당도는 적절한 것으로 확인되어 유아안전보건지식 측정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것이며 추후 더욱 타당화된 검증을 위하여 유아안전보건교육 프로그램 실시후 안전보건지식 향상의 효과를 검증하는 후속연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analyze nutrition-related problems and to develop the nutrition education programs for high school students A survey was conducted with 500 students in the second grade level at high schools in Daegu who differed in socio-economic characteristics. In addition, body composition analysis was accomplished by the Inbody 3.0. The developed questionnaires were distributed and 481 questionnaires were collected with a 96.2% of response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS WIN(ver.12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-tests and $X^2$-tests. We first analyzed students' problems related to nutrition and environmental factors. In a question addressing skipping breakfast, only 11.5% answered they "do not eat" breakfast. In regards to BMI, the male students' degree of obesity was higher. Second, we analyzed living environments, which greatly influence dietary behavior. For the snacks-related categories, most of the students liked bread, cake and other snacks. When they chose the snacks, they mainly considered taste. There were significant difference among the males and females(p<.01) in terms of snacks intake habits, where 43.1 % of the males answered they snack "occasionally" and 43.4% of the females answered they snack "according to how they feel". In the case of beverages, the males consumed significantly more(p<.001). Based on their regional groups, the area A group preferred milk and milk products, and the area B group preferred soft drinks. As for the time of beverage intake, 77.6% of the females answered "with snacks", which was significantly higher than 61.4% of the males(p<.001), 12.2% of the males drank beverages after exercise. For late snacking, 68.0% of the male students and 71.1 % of the female students consumed late snacks. Most of them preferred bread, cake and other snacks. The reasons for taking a late snack were "when I feel hungry" by 61.8% of the males which was higher than the females(p<.001), 23.6% of the females consumed late snacks "impulsively". Ideally, in order to improve the food habits of high school students effective and practical nutrition education programs that consider gender and regional school group, should be carried out.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2001

Accidents involving students are an important cause of death and disability. They also have enormous financial implications. In order to prevent childhood accidents. research and education for safety should be strengthened. The purpose of this study was to determine how often lower grade elementary students have accidents and what factors affect the accident rate. The study population consisted of 676 students who were in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of twelve elementary schools located in Kun Wi Gun. The questionnaires were distributed to all of the 2nd to 4th grade student in the Kun Wi Gun to be completed by their parents about all the accidents which happened last one year and collected during the period of March 19, to March 30, 2001. The data were analyzed by using SPSS WIN 10.0 statistical package. The results of the study are as follow: 1. Among 676 students. 270 students had 540 accidental injuries during the study period. 2. The month, the day and the time with the highest accident rate were April. Monday. and between 1 and 4 p. m. each. 3. In the analysis of the location where the injury took place, the most frequent place was on school, around their homes and. then inside the home. 4. Most of accidents were caused by carelessness on the part of the students and the most frequent type of injury was an abrasion. 5. Students most injured part of the body was their legs. 6. They were treated at home most often and usually emergency treatment was performed by family members with disinfectant as first aid measure. Cost of the treatment of the accident ranged from 10.000 to 30,000 won in most cases. 7. Students' personality. type of family composition. mother's age and parents' education level were statistically significant. As a conclusion. 1st to 3rd grade rural elementary students need their assessment for accident involving condition. This study gave a very useful and important data to prepare accident prevention teaching program and to prepare accident prevention strategies.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2005

홍국 김치의 투여가 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 혈청지질구성과 간장기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Sprague-Dawely계의 흰쥐를 I군(정상식이군), II군(정상식이+홍국 $5\%$ 첨가 김치분말 $1\%$군), III군(고지방식이군), IV군(고지방식이+김치분말 $1\%$군), V군(고지방식이+홍국 $2.5\%$ 첨가 김치분말 $1\%$군), 그리고 VI군(고지방식이+홍국 $5\%$ 첨가 김치분말 $1\%$군)으로 나누어 각 군마다 8마리씩 4주간 사육하였다. 실험 종료일의 체중은 고지방식이급여로 고지방식이군은 정상군 보다 높은 수치를 보였으나, 홍국 김치 투여군에서는 홍국의 농도에 관계없이 체중의 증가가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 단위 체중당 간장 및 비장의 중량은 정상군에 비해 고지방식이 군에서 증가하였고, 김치 및 홍국 김치의 투여에 따라 감소하였으나, 신장의 중량은 각 군들 간에 유의성은 없었다. 중성지질의 농도는 정상군에 비해 고지방식이군에서 높았으며, 홍국 김치의 투여에 따라 감소하였고, 동맥경화와 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 LDL 콜레스테롤과 총콜레스테롤의 농도 및 동맥경화 지수는 김치 및 홍국 김치 투여군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈장 중 AST활성은 고지방식이군에서 증가하였고, ALT 활성은 각 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.