• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a technique that can be mapped to the most appropriate type of health patterns, depending on the health status of health promotion measures to establish a body mass index (BMI). When used as a mapping scheme proposed in this paper it is possible to contribute to effective healthcare and health promotion. BMI is widely used as a simple way to assess obesity because body fat increases the status and relevance. Despite normal weight determined by this and because of the social atmosphere has increased prefer the skinny tend to try to excessive weight loss. Since health can affect the health maintenance and promotion of the rest of your life, depending on whether and how much weight perception and health can be considered as very important. Therefore, this paper identifies the differences in perception and in this respect for the body mass index (BMI). And physical, mental and map the appropriate type of pattern in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) in order to facilitate the social and health conditions. Proposal to give such a mapping technique provides the opportunity to increase the efficiency of health care and health promotion.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.299-311
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• 2004

Purpose: Somatotype drawing developed by Sorensen et al.(1983) has been evaluated as a simple instrument of obesity level without real somatic measuring as height and weight. This study was designed to validate somatotype drawings for obesity assessment by bioelectrical impedance body component analysis. Method: At first questionnaire of somatotype drawing was done. Subjects were measured body component by bioelectrical impedance analysis as weight, BMI(body mass index), WHR(waist-hip ratio), body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, soft lean mass, fat free mass and percent body fat. We evaluated correlations between these data and somatotype drawings and tried to grouping of somatotype drawings with the means of major body component value. Result: The data were collected from 205 college women whose height and weight were $161.2\pm4.8,\;55\pm8.3$. Spearman's correlation coefficients of somatotype drawing were 0.74 with BMI, 0.68 with weight 0.69 with body fat mass, 0.65 with WHR. 0.64 with percent body fat after adiusted age. The grade of somatotype drawings were grouped as 1-2, 3-4, 5-6. 7-9 by BMI, body fat mass, weight, 1, 2-4, 5-6, 7-9 by WHR and 1-2, 3-4, 5-9 by percent body fat(ANOVA and Duncan's method). Conclusion: So quick instrument using somatotype drawings were useful tools for evaluation of obesity level and is applicable to screen degree of body fat in self-administered questionnaire survey.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified fasting therapy on the changes of body compositions. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 33 patients, who carried out modified fasting therapy at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1st, 2011 to December 30th, 2015. They went through reducing food intakes period (7 days), fasting period (14 days) and refeeding period (14 days). Body compositions (weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were reviewed at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results: The body composition values (weight, body mass index [BMI], skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. The weight, BMI, percent body fat and visceral fat area decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. The skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate significantly decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and insignificantly increased during the refeeding period. Conclusions: Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 2016

This study was conducted to recognize the need for diet and nutrition education to correct body-shape and eating habits that lead to eating disorders in college students. The relationship between diet and obesity was confirmed. Approximately 405 (male 46.4%, female 53.6%) students were evaluated by questionnaire in September 2014. The statistical program SAS (ver. 4.3) was used to evaluate the Chi-squared, F and T-value. The correlation between eating disorder risk and eating habits was evaluated by Pearson's correlation. Body type recognition was classified into nine steps up the body fatty (9) to skinny (1) to show their body. Eating disorder risk (KEAT-26) was composed of F1 (attachment factors for weight loss), F2 (attachment factors for binge eating, and food), and F3 (adjustment factor to eating their will. The risk of eating disorders in male 73.4% of low risk, in female 61.3% (p<0.05). According to body mass index, underweight groups recognized in the normal weight (53.7%), normal weight group was in overweight (29.1%) (p<0.001). According to body-type, the overweight group had a higher risk of eating disorders (68.2%). The KEAT-26 showed that the overweight and obese group were high-risk in F1 & F2, while the underweight group was high-risk in F3 (p<0.001). Recognized overweight showed the dangers of eating disorders, proper recognition of body-type and body mass index required. Tendency to seek a balanced diet was associated with eating disorders, no-imposed adequate diet for nutritional education would be made. Proper nutrition education for males is needed depending on the increased incidence of male eating disorders.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.226-236
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and evaluate their association with age, body mass index, smoking, military record-based variables, and estimated exposure to Agent Orange in Korean Vietnam veterans. Methods: Serum levels of TCDD were analyzed in 102 Vietnam veterans. Information on age, body mass index, and smoking status were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. The perceived exposure was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire. Two proximitybased exposures were constructed by division/brigade level and battalion/company level unit information using the Stellman exposure opportunity index model. Results: The mean and median of serum TCDD levels was 1.2 parts per trillion (ppt) and 0.9 ppt, respectively. Only 2 Vietnam veterans had elevated levels of TCDD (>10 ppt). The levels of TCDD did not tend to increase with the likelihood of exposure to Agent Orange, as estimated from either proximity-based exposure or perceived self-reported exposure. The serum TCDD levels were not significantly different according to military unit, year of first deployment, duration of deployment, military rank, age, body mass index, and smoking status. Conclusions: The average serum TCDD levels in the Korean Vietnam veterans were lower than those reported for other occupationally or environmentally exposed groups and US Vietnam veterans, and their use as an objective marker of Agent Orange exposure may have some limitations. The unit of deployment, duration of deployment, year of first deployment, military rank, perceived self-reported exposure, and proximity-based exposure to Agent Orange were not associated with TCDD levels in Korean Vietnam veterans. Age, body mass index and smoking also were not associated with TCDD levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the specific clinical risk factors in middle-aged men with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (ALSMM). METHODS: The present research analyzed the data from a cross-sectional study of 1,564 community-dwelling participants aged between 40 to 49 years old. The participants were screened for ALSMM. The study examined various risk factors, including age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, smoking and drinking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels. RESULTS: The risk factors of ALSMM were height, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, drinking status, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels (p < .05). The weight, triglyceride, and smoking status variables were non-significant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for ALSMM among community-dwelling adults were determined. These results are expected to contribute to the existing literature on ALSMM and provide potential risk factors associated with the development of ALSMM in middle-aged males.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.442-453
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• 2014

Objectives: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to be the detrimental chemicals in the body, even at low levels, and are stored in adipose tissue. Recently, POPs have been reported to be associated with chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, and aging and obesity are reported as common factors in chronic disease. However, there have been only a few studies on the associations of POPs with age and body mass index (BMI) in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed the associations of serum POPs levels with age and BMI in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 444 subjects (253 men and 191 women) from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (2004-2011). Serum levels of 33 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by a gas chromatographer (Agilent 6890) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer (JEOL JMS-800D). Results: Concentrations of PCB 153 (men: 12.26 ng/g lipid, women: 10.50 ng/g lipid) and p,p'-DDE (men: 94.66 ng/g lipid, women: 96.66 ng/g lipid) were the highest among serum PCBs and OCPs, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were significantly positively correlated with age in both sexes. After adjustment for age, non-dioxin like PCBs were significantly negatively correlated with body mass in women. However, cis-heptachlor epoxide was significantly positively correlated with body mass index in both sexes. When analyzed by sex, stronger associations were shown between POPs and age in men and POPs and BMI in women. Conclusion: These results may provide baseline data for the study of POPs and for the health management field in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.306-317
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of body weight perception and physiological index in young adult women. Methods: Subjects were 283 Korea women. Data was from the 2005 Korean National Health and Survey. Three groups-low normal and overweight-were based on Body mass index(BMI). General characteristics, health status perception, weight control behavior and physiological index such as BMI, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were compared. Data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test and ANOVA using SPSS program. Results: Of the normal weight group, 28.7% of subjects perceived themselves as overweight. Of the low weight group, 30.3% regarded their weight as normal weight. Of the overweight subjects, weight control was attempted by exercise (50.1%) and food reduction (77.1%). Significant group-related differences were evident in HDL, LDL, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference among three groups. Conclusions: Perception and attitude regarding body weight can be inaccurate. A weight control program should consider the relation of physiological index and weight based on BMI.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a aquatic exercise program on body mass index, body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness using SFT (senior fitness test) and depression in elderly women. Methods: This study included 59 elderly women. Aquatics exercise program was performed three times per week for 12 weeks using rating of perceived exertion and body mass index, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness and depression were measured before and after exercise program. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. Results: Body mass index (p=.002) and body fat percentage (p=.021) were significantly decreased after aquatic exercise program. Chair stand (p=.009), 2 minute step test (p<.001), back scratch (p<.001), and chair sit and reach (p<.001) were significantly increased after the aquatic exercise program. But, there was no significant differences in the depression. Conclusion: It is suggested the aquatic exercise program may play a significant role in improving body fat and physical fitness in the elderly women. However, as well as aquatic exercise program, sustained encouragement are required to improve physical and psychological traits.