• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2004

Some actiniarians were collected from the coasts of Jejudo and Baekdo Islands in Korean waters from 1971 to 2004. They are identified into three species within three families, which are newly recorded to Korean actiniarian fauna: Halcampella maxima Hertwig, 1888 within the tribe Athenaria, and also Aulactinia coccinea (Verrill, 1866) and Stichodactyla tapetum (Ehrenberg, 1834) within the tribe Thenaria. They are described in detail with figures and tables together with the distribution and size of cnidae. In preserved specimens, mature oocytes of H. maxima were observed in winter. Also oocytes and sperm sacs of S. tapetum were surveyed at separate individuals in summer. The unique feature of A. coccinea is a body wall with simple adhesive verrucae extended from margin to limbus in longitudinal rows. In the genus Stichodactyla, the smallest species, S. tapetum is distinguished from S. haddoni by short bulbous tentacles, less than 1.0 mm long, densely packed on the oral disc and also conical marginal ones, 1.5-2.0 mm long. As a result of this study, the Korean actiniarian fauna consists of four athenarian and 23 thenarian species in suborder Nynantheae

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.213-228
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• 2015

The Horizon Run 4 is a cosmological N-body simulation designed for the study of coupled evolution between galaxies and large-scale structures of the Universe, and for the test of galaxy formation models. Using 6300³ gravitating particles in a cubic box of L_box = 3150 h⁻¹Mpc, we build a dense forest of halo merger trees to trace the halo merger history with a halo mass resolution scale down to M_s = 2.7 × 10¹¹h⁻¹M_⊙. We build a set of particle and halo data, which can serve as testbeds for comparison of cosmological models and gravitational theories with observations. We find that the FoF halo mass function shows a substantial deviation from the universal form with tangible redshift evolution of amplitude and shape. At higher redshifts, the amplitude of the mass function is lower, and the functional form is shifted toward larger values of ln(1/σ). We also find that the baryonic acoustic oscillation feature in the two-point correlation function of mock galaxies becomes broader with a peak position moving to smaller scales and the peak amplitude decreasing for increasing directional cosine μ compared to the linear predictions. From the halo merger trees built from halo data at 75 redshifts, we measure the half-mass epoch of halos and find that less massive halos tend to reach half of their current mass at higher redshifts. Simulation outputs including snapshot data, past lightcone space data, and halo merger data are available at http://sdss.kias.re.kr/astro/Horizon-Run4.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1994

Chondrosarcomas are uncommon disease that are noted almostly in the pelvis, sternum, long bone. Chondrosarcoma in the head & neck was very rare. It can occur in nearly every bone in the head and neck. Lesion of the maxilla is most frequent site in head and neck region, but temporomandibular joint is rare site. In chondrosarcoma of temporomandibular joint, its danger lies in its local invasiveness and potential to seed into the meninges. Histologically, the tumor exhibits myxoid feature, which must be differentiated from chordoma and chondroid chordoma. The cranial nerve palsies frequently observed with the tumors are related to the anatomical location. Chondroma is a benign tumor that most frequently found in the hand, foot bone, but can be originated in any cartilagenous area of body. When it occurs in one site, it is named as solitary enchondroma, and when it occurs in multiple site, it is named as multiple enchondromatosis. In the head & neck, it may occur in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, nasal septum, eustachian tube, palate. But chondroma that occur as neck mass is extremely rare. Recently, the authors experienced a case of chondrosarcoma confirmed pathology affecting 35-years-old female presenting mass in left temporomadibular joint and a case of chondroma confirmed pathology affecting 26-years-old female presenting neck mass, left.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

Symbiodinium is a dinoflagellate genus that coexists with coral reefs and is known to provide ultraviolet (UV) protection in nature through the synthesis of mycosporin-like amino acids (MAA). In order to develop a natural and ecofriendly sunblock for use in summer resorts, the possibility of using a Symbiodinium microbiome extract or an MAA was investigated. Two sunblocks, one containing 7% Symbiodinium extract and the other containing MAA were prepared to be tested on hairless mice and human skin. In this clinical study, the sun protection factor (SPF) and Protection factor of UV A (PFA) values of the sunblock containing either Symbiodinium extract or MAA were determined. The SPF values of the sunblock containing Symbiodinium extract and MAA were 10.43 and 10.83, respectively, and the PFA values were 3.42 and 3.39, respectively. Based on their PFA values of ≥2, the UV A protection can be graded as PA+ (low) for both the sunblocks. In addition, the UV-blocking extract of Symbiodinium has a low phototoxicity and cytotoxicity, reducing the possibility of a heavy feeling to the skin or a foreign-body sensation caused by residue build-up. The low toxicity feature of the major sunblock component will also prevent side effects, such as allergic reactions. Although Symbiodinium extract or MAA alone do not provide effectiveprotection against UV irradiation, their protection capacity can be complemented by the addition of inorganic UV-protecting compounds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

This paper dealt with the situation and the hatch rate of bot's eggs on the equine hairs in Cheju horse with the species grouping of the bot flies of equine(genus Gasterophilus). The prevalence and infection dynamics of Gasterophilus spp. larvae was also evaluated in the equine alimentary canal submitted in this laboratory for the necropsy or from the abattoir. Samples including Gasterophilus spp. larvae, bot's flies and its eggs, which were collected from the alimentary canal and equine hairs, respectively, were studied and classified by morphology. The morphologic feature of the spines of Gasterophilus larvae were studied by scanning electron microscope. 1. Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae concentrated in the nonglandular portions of the stomach. The infection of second-, and third stage larvae were common in November, and from January to October, respectively. Gasterophilus nasalis larvae were commonly identified on the gastric pylorus and upper portion of duodenum. Second stage larvae were found from October to December, and 3rd stage larvae, from January to September. 2. The hatch rate of laid eggs of Gasterophilus intestinalis was 28.4%, and that of Gasterophilus nasalis was 79.5%. The hatch rate of Gasterophilus intestinalis eggs was highest(62.5%) in December. The hatch rate of laid eggs were higher in the region of scapula(64.0%) and limbs(62.5%) than on the maned hairs. The eggs of Gasterophilus nasalis were completely hatched by October. 3. Eight hundred five Cheju horses examined in this study were infected with the eggs of Gasterophilus spp. Gasterophilus intestinalis eggs on the body regions from sixty horses were recognized in phalangeal (14.4%), in abdominal(13.8%), metacarpal, brachial and cervical regions. Gasterophilus nasalis eggs were uncommon and recognized in submandibular regions(1.4%). 4. In conclusion, the infection of imago, larvae and eggs of both Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis were indentified in cheju horse.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2014

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can be used for a number of purposes in a variety of industries, such as to replace body parts like hands and feet or to improve user convenience. In this paper, we propose a method to decompose and extract motor imagery EEG signal using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). The EEG signal classification consists of the following three steps. First, during signal decomposition, the EMD is used to generate Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) from the EEG signal. Then during feature extraction, the power spectral density (PSD) is used to identify the frequency band of the IMFs generated. The FFT is used to extract the features for motor imagery from an IMF that includes mu rhythm. Finally, during classification, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify the features of the motor imagery EEG signal. 10-fold cross-validation was then used to estimate the generalization capability of the given classifier., and the results show that the proposed method has an accuracy of 84.50% which is higher than that of other methods.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.951-966
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• 2017

In this work, numerical analyses are carried out and the behaviors are investigated for three types of double-acting oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers along with the mathematical models proposed in the part I of this work. After presenting each numerical algorithm corresponding to each model, the numerical algorithms are implemented as user-subroutines in MSC/ADAMS commercial multi-body dynamic software. By using the developed user-subroutines, numerical studies are carried out for compression/stretch test as well as drop test. From the comparative studies, we investigated the salient feature of each double-acting oleo-pneumatic shock absorber. Results identifies that it is possible to increase the absorbing efficiency in accordance with the requirements for aircraft landing conditions.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.598-605
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• 2018

Behavior awareness is a technology that recognizes human behavior through data and can be used in applications such as risk behavior through video surveillance systems. Conventional behavior recognition algorithms have been performed using the 2D camera image device or multi-mode sensor or multi-view or 3D equipment. When two-dimensional data was used, the recognition rate was low in the behavior recognition of the three-dimensional space, and other methods were difficult due to the complicated equipment configuration and the expensive additional equipment. In this paper, we propose a method of recognizing human behavior using only CCTV images without additional equipment using only RGB and depth information. First, the skeleton extraction algorithm is applied to extract points of joints and body parts. We apply the equations to transform the vector including the displacement vector and the relational vector, and study the continuous vector data through the RNN model. As a result of applying the learned model to various data sets and confirming the accuracy of the behavior recognition, the performance similar to that of the existing algorithm using the 3D information can be verified only by the 2D information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.29-47
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• 1995

Today, we live in the fastly changing society, rapidly developing scientific civilization and repeatly confusing political culture. Therefore, man persuits the emotional rest in "eros" and sympathizes with eroticism. Such an eroticism represents too much in art and costume all over the world. the purpose of this study is to classify the ex-pressive style of eroticism which is the feature of the costume in the first year of 1990's and to analyze its expression meaning. This study will be a basic data of new design development and help predict the costume in the latter half of the yeat. The method of this study was performed by using the literature related to the eroticism and the study of preceeding researchers. To analyze the costume style the its implied meaning being used to express the eroticism of 1990's, the magazines(Elle, Vogue, WWD, Collections etc) and the literatures related to fashion were used. The styles and meaning of eroticism expressed eroticism by using the minimal design which exposes wholly or partly by using a transparent vinyl and a see-through clothing. The sexy style arose from the expression of social rebellion and the exposure of suppressive sex as a psychological repulsion against the older generation. 2) Deshabille style : This style is the conver-sion to the outer garment of an underwear. The excessive exposure which just concerns the inti-mate parts of the body by using the thin cloth or lace for an underwear. This style can be recognized as the beauty destruction and ugly 3) Glamour style : The style is made up of the high-grade cloth such as silk and velvet and expresses the bodily beauty. This style falls into a rebellious culture and comes from the inten-tional expression to escape the modern life which is straight and hard. 4) metallic style : This style uses variously the new material such as vinyl-coating, enamel and represents the eroticism through the original expressions.pressions.