• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 1994

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systematic disease with unpredictable course of exacerbation and remission, characterized by pain, joint deformity and reduced activity by joint limitation. The growing public awareness of the need for health management of chronic illnesses, provides impetus for nursing to demonstrate social effectiveness by active nursing intervention in this vast area in general, and with rheumatoid condition in particular. However, nursing interventions to date have not demonstrated its active participation in the management of chronic conditions. Nursing intervention for the patients having rheumatoid arthritis is one such area that needs to be studied intensively and to demonstrate their effectiveness empirically. The purposes of this study were two fold : first, to develop a comprehensive program that was intensified with therapeutic joint exercises in water, self-help group activities and utilization of self-efficacy promoting strategies : and secondly, to determine the effect of aquatic exercise program on pain, physiological changes and quality of life in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirty five female subjects participating in this study were selected from outpatients in the Rheumatism Center, Hanyang University hospital. The period of data collection was from December, 1992 to March, 1993 in seoul and Taejeon. Subjects in Taejeon were assigned to the experimental group. The comprehensive aquatic exercise program for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 6 weeks in regular swimming pool. Subjects in Seoul did not participated in the program, and treated as the control group. Data were analyzed with repeated measure MANCOVA, t-test, ANCOVA, percentage of change, Kruskal-Wallis 1-Way ANOVA using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) Scores on Korean pain scale, Numeric pain score, and RAI score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.11, p=0.022 ; F=4.40, p=0.044 : t=3.10, p=0.002). 2) There was significant improvement in the physiological parameters (higher joint movement parameters, F=15.64, p=0.024 ; higher lean body mass, percentage of change=+12.2, lower body weight, t=1.01, p=0.026 : lower ESR, t=1.69, p=0.001) in the experimental group compaired with subjects In the control group. 3) There was significant improvement in the specific self-efficacy score through the comprehensive aquatic exercise program(t=2.73, p=0.011), but not in the general self- efficacy score(t=0.62, p=0.113). 4) The quality of life failed to show significant improvement in the experimental group as compaired with the control group (F=3.69, p=0.064). 5) In the experimental group, findings from additional analysis showed no significant difference in the specific self-efficacy between those who continued to aquatic exercise after completing 6 week program and those who stopped (X2=0.086, p=0.690). Therefore, adherence to aquatic exercise program for 6 weeks seem to be affected mainly by self-help group activities. An indepth study to delve into articulation of mechanisms affecting the effect of aquatic exercise program be recommended. A further study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of group and individual aquatic exercise program, to assess factors affecting adherence to exercise for an extended length of time.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.449-459
• /
• 2020

Here, we investigated the effects of different nutrient requirements (NR) on blood metabolites, transferable embryo number after multiple superovulations with artificial insemination (AI), body condition score (BCS), and estrus cycle in Hanwoo cow. Nineteen Hanwoo cows were randomly divided into three groups (80%, 100%, and 120% NR, containing 6, 8, and 5 individuals, respectively) and fed based on the NR. In experiment 1, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP) were analyzed. In experiment 2, total number of recovered embryos and transferable embryos was examined after embryo recovery and multiple superovulations with AI. In experiment 3, body weight, BCS, and estrus cycle were examined. In experiment 1, total cholesterol was significantly different among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups (126.5 ± 3.3, 152.6 ± 2.4, and 177.4 ± 1.8 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05). The triglyceride and BUN levels in the 120% NR group were significantly higher than those in the 80% and 100% groups (p < 0.05). The NEFA levels were significantly different among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups (440.5 ± 18.2, 318.5 ± 23.1, and 195.1 ± 8.5 ЧEq/L, respectively, p < 0.05). The AST and TP levels in the 80% NR group were significantly lower than those in the 100% and 120% NR groups (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, the 120% NR group showed a higher percentage of transferable embryos than the 80% and 100% groups (p < 0.01). The mean body weight and BCS among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The estrus cycle in the 80% NR group was delayed compared with the 100% and 120% NR groups (20.8 ± 0.2 and 21.2 ± 0.5 days, respectively). In conclusion, the blood metabolic tests proved that Hanwoo cows with 120% NR can produce a large number of transferable embryos. Thus, 120% NR is the appropriate feeding level for this type of cows as it results in the production of a large number of transferable embryos by multiple superovulations with AI.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.210-227
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the Korean medicine treatment on whole-body nummular eczema. Methods : This case study was conducted with a 66-year-old female patient who has whole-body nummular eczema treated by Korean medicine. She was treated from 2021.3.30 to 2021.6.28. During the treatment, the two herbal medicines were changed depending on the patient's condition. We treated her with herbal medicine, herbal external preparations and acupuncture treatment. For the evaluation of the results, we used photo comparison, VAS, and DLQI. Results : After the treatment, the nummular eczema lesions of patient was remarkably improved. Also, the VAS grade of other symptoms such as pruritus, burning sense, oozing, crusting and erythema were decreased and DLQI score changed from 27 to 2. Conculsions : This study suggests that Korean medicine treatments are effective for patient with recurrent nummular eczema.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2012

The present study data were obtained from 36,894 cows in Korea Animal Improvement Association from 2001 to 2009 which was subjected for ultrasound measurements (eye muscle area, back-fat thickness, marbling score) and descent. Repeated record models were carried out using 7,913 of 36,894 of total animal traits. The ultrasound measured traits and performance test data were used to study the chest girth, body condition score, eye muscle area, back-fat thickness and marbling score with genetic correlation and parameters for the ultrasound measured traits using REMLF90 program. Genetic correlation of eye muscle area with back-fat thickness, marbling score and back-fat thickness with marbling score were noticed in repeated records animal model as 0.69, 0.54, and 0.59, whereas in multiple trait animal model method were 0.07, 0.66, and 0.39, respectively. Repeated records of animal models were used as positive correlation of traits. Multiple trait animal models were used as negative correlation of eye muscle area with marbling score. The analysis on repeat records of animal models using ultrasound measurements about Korean cattle showed positive effects for each traits. In comparison differences between the repeat records of animal models and multiple trait animal models was found with higher traits of her, the heritability and repeatability was found higher in repeat records animal models. In light of these assessments, carcass traits by ultrasound measurements are expected to help and improve an accurate analysis of each trait and if the research analysis using repeat records of animal models continue when we estimate genetic ability of these traits.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.40-68
• /
• 2001

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship among leptin, insulin, and body condition score (BCS). The concentration of leptin in serum of pregnant Hanwoo showed insignificant difference from that in serum of Hanwoo with reproductive disorder, such as repeat breeding, follicular cyst, corpus luteum cyst, ovarian atrophy, and feeble estrus (p>0.05). However, the concentrations of leptin and insulin in serum were changed with different BCS value. In emaciated Hanwoo (BCS $2.0\sim2.9$), they were significantly decreased compared to BCS $3.0\sim3.4$ (p<0.05). The leptin showed different genotypes with different BCS value. In BCS $2.0\sim2.9$, C/T genotype was expressed (83.3%) more than C/C (16.7%) or T/T (0%) genotype, whereas C/C genotype was expressed (62.5%) more than C/T (25.0%) or T/T (12.5%) genotype in BCS $3.5\sim4.0$. The insulin concentration in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst which has follicles having diameter of $25\sim40 mm$ was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid which has follicles having diameter of $3\sim10 mm$. These results showed that concentration of leptin and insulin in serum were related to BCS value and follicular size and suggest that the changes in concentration of leptin and/or insulin in serum could be a potent biomarker for diagnosis of bovine reproductive disorder.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various factors of recipients such as recipient parity, body condition score(BCS), estrus type, corpus luteum, uterine size and uterine horn, on pregnancy and abortion after transfer of in vitro produced Korean Native Cow embryos. The pregnancy rate of nulliparous $(43.5\%)$was significantly higher than that of multiparous $(33.6\%)$, but there were no difference in the abortion rates $(122.6\;vs.\;7.5\%)$. There were no difference in pregnancy among the groups of BCS treatment, but the abortion rate was significantly higher in the group of below BCS $2.0\~3.0\;(55.6\%)$ than the group of BCS $3.0\~3.9\;(10.8\%)$. The pregnancy and abortion rates from the estrus type, corpus luteum, uterine size and uterine hem were not differ among treatment groups.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2013

Objectives : Weight loss and loss of appetite in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients are common symptoms, these are associated with survival as well as nutritional condition. The changes in weight and appetite were reported after treatment using Megestrol acetate and Korean medical treatments. Methods : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient with weight loss and loss of appetite were treated by administering megestrol acetate a known anti-malignant tumor agent and Korean medical treatments such as acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and herbal medicine. The changes in weight and appetite were checked using body mass index(BMI) and simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire(SNAQ). Results : There was a more than 17 kg increase in weight. BMI increased from 15.94 $kg/m^2$ to 21.97 $kg/m^2$ and SNAQ score increased from 7 to 16. Owing to several side effects, Megestrol acetate was stopped after which only Korean medical treatments were provided. After which the lasting effects in BMI and appetite could be seen. Conclusion : There are few studies on weight loss and loss of appetite in ALS patients. Using only megestrol acetate can cause several considerable side effects. Which respect to this, the findings in this study could open up new clinical guideline possibilities.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conception rate and other parameters (body condition score; BCS, progesterone concentrations and follicle size) before estrus induction with CIDR(intravaginal progesterone-releasing controlled internal drug release). The conception rate in cows with < 2.75, 2.75 to 3.25, and 3.25 <, BCS regardless of AI (artificial insemination) time was 46.6%, 63.3%, and 46.6% at CIDR insertion, respectively. The conception rate regardless of BCS was 54.9% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 48.7% in cows inseminated at 72 to 80 hours (timed artificial insemination, TAI) after removal of CIDR. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 40.0% in cows with low progesterone concentrations (less than 1.0 ng/ml), and 56.6% in cows with high progesterone concentrations (more than 1.0 ng/ml) at CIDR injection. The conception rate regardless of progesterone concentrations was 53.8% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 38.0% in cows of TAI after removal of CIDR. The conception rate regardless of AI time was 43.3% in cows with small follicle (less than 5 mm), 53.3% in cows between 5 mm to 10 mm of follicle, and 63.3% in cows with large folliclc (more than 10 mm) at CIDR injection, respectively. The conception rate regardless of follicle size was 58.4% in cows inseminated based on detected estrus, and 45.9% in cows of TAI after removal of CIDR. These results indicated that if the cows with BCS 2.75 to 3.25, active corpus luteum, and/or large dominant follicle (more than 10 mm) are used for estrus induction, the conception rate will be greater.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of days open on subsequent reproductive performance following to estrus synchronization in the 114 lactating dairy cows. The animals were divided into two groups according to the time of estrus synchronization; viz, ${\leq}$ 85 days, and > 85 days postpartum, respectively. The estrus synchronization protocol consisted of insertion of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device containing 1.9 g progesterone with an injection of 250 ${\mu}g$ gonadorelin (Day 0), an injection of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and removal of the device on Day 7, an injection of 250 ${\mu}g$ GnRH on Day 9, and TAI 17 h later. Pregnancy diagnosis was determined at 30 to 60 days after TAI using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. The body condition score (BCS) gradually increased over the postpartum period. In estrus synchronized cows until 85 days, conception rate on first service, number of service per conception, interval from estrus synchronization to conception, and interval from calving to conception were not significantly different among two farms (P>0.05). In estrus synchronized cows after 85 days postpartum, conception rate on first service, number of service per conception and interval from calving to conception were significantly different ($P{\leq}0.05$) between herds A and B (26.8 vs 50.0%; $2.1{\pm}1.35$ vs $1.37{\pm}0.54$ times, $237.3{\pm}97.8$ vs $164.7{\pm}69.3$ days, respectively). In estrus synchronized cows after 85 days postpartum interval from estrus synchronization to conception was greater (P<0.01) in herd B than in herd A ($63.6{\pm}57.4$ vs $26.1{\pm}24.9$). These results indicate that the time of estrus synchronization for maximized the reproductive performance is before 85 days postpartum and feeding and management is important factor for high reproductive performance.