• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.501-509
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• 1990

This study was designed to examine effects of $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists on blood chemical values in xylazine-sedated dogs. Twenty-four crossbred dogs of both sexes were intramusculary injected with a standard dosage of xylazine(2.2mg/kg of body weight). Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of maximum sedation. When the dogs were maximally sedated, tested groups were in-travenously injected with yohimbine 0.125mg/kg, 4-aminopyridine(4-AP) 0.3mg/kg, and a combination of yohimbine with 4-AP. Control group was intravenously 1 $m\ell$ of physiological saline solution. Total protein(T.P), albumin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotrnasferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were analyzed in the conditions of 0-, 30-, 60- and 120-minute after the administration of drugs. The results obtained in the study were as follows. 1. Changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the control group were not significant during or after xylazine administration for at least 120minutes. 2. No changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the tested groups were observed during or after $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists treatment. 3. Serum glucose values of control group were getting remarkably increased after xylazine injection. 4. The xylasine-induced hyperglycemia was reversed in the dogs administrated with $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists. Therefore, the results of the study show that the combined treatment with antagonists may be useful for accidental overdoses of xylazine and rapid reversal of animals sedated with xylazine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The blue honeysuckle berry (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis L.) is a small deciduous shrub belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family that is native to Russia, China, Japan, and Korea. The berry of this shrub is edible, sweet and juicy and is commonly known as the blue honeyberry (BHB). This study examined the anti-diabetic potential of BHB on high-fat-diet-induced mild diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic, and nephroprotective effects of the 12-week oral administration of blue honeyberry extract were analyzed. MATERIALS/METHODS: The hypoglycemic effects were based on the observed changes in insulin, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, the changes in the weight of the pancreas, including its histopathology and immunohistochemical investigation were also performed. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects were analyzed by observing the changes in kidney weight, its histopathology, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels. RESULTS: The results showed that the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced control mice showed a noticeable increase in blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, BUN, and creatinine levels. Furthermore, growth was observed in lipid droplet deposition related to the degenerative lesions in the vacuolated renal tubules with the evident enlargement and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets. In addition, in the endocrine pancreas, there was an increase in the insulin-and glucagon-producing cells, as well as in the insulin/glucagon cell ratios. On the other hand, compared to the HFD-treated mice group, all these diabetic and related complications were ameliorated significantly in a dose-dependent manner after 84 days of the continuous oral administration of BHBe at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, and a dramatic resettlement in the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities was observed. CONCLUSIONS: By assessing the key parameters for T2DM, the present study showed that the BHBe could act as a potential herbal agent to cure diabetes (type II) and associated ailments in HFD-induced mice.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory in herbology, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of six herbal plants used for lower wasting-thirst in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment with Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC, 300 mg/kg); Corni Fructus (CF, 300 mg/kg); Bombyx Batryticatus (BB, 50 mg/kg); Lycii Fructus (LF, 300 mg/kg); Phellodendri Cortex (PC, 300 mg/kg); Epimedii Herba (EH, 300 mg/kg); and glibenclimide (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Herbal extracts or reference drug were administered orally for 28 days. The changes of body weight, food intake and water intake, and serological markers such as blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results : The decrease of body weight and the increase of food and water intake in STZ-induced diabetic rats was improved by the administration of CF and LF. Also, the enhancement of blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, TG, BUN and Cr in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly inhibited by the administration of CF, BB, LF and glibenclimide. On the other hand, EH strongly inhibited the increase of BUN and Cr in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that among six herbal medicines used lower emaciation of emaciation-thirst disease, CF, BB, LF and EH show a characteristics including the channel-tropism theory.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-265
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• 2006

본 연구는 동물용 생화학 분석장치를 이용하여 분석한 어류 혈액검사 항목 가운데 적용할 수 있는 분석항목의 활용도를 평가함과 동시에 어류 혈액학적 건강진단에 필요한 분석항목의 참고자료를 얻고자 하였다. 경남 지역의 해상가두리 어류 양식장에서 사육중인 육안적으로 보아 건강한 조피볼락 (Sebastes schlegeli), 참돔 (Pagrus major), 돌돔 (Oplegnathus fasciatu) 및 감성돔 (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) 총 522마리를 대상으로 hematocrit 와 간편하게 혈액성분을 측정할 수 있는 FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000 기종을 이용하여 혈장화학적 성분 분석을 실시하였다. Hematocrit (Ht)는 microhematocrit법에 의해 그리고 hemoglobin (Hb), 총단백 (TP), 알부민 (ALB), 알칼리성포스파타제 (ALP), 요소질소 (BUN), 젖산탈수소효소 (LDH), 중성지방 (TG), 총콜레스테롤 (TCHO), 크레아티닌 (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 포도당(GLU)은 정상범위의 표준자료가 이미 프로그램화되어 장치된 동물용 생화학 분석장치인 FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000 기종을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 측정된 Hb와 혈장화학성분의 실제 값들은 본 기종의 하한 및 상한 한계치를 상당히 벗어났다. 본 장비로부터 분석값을 검출하지 못하였던 비율을 살펴보면, ALB 및 ALT는 68～66%, LDH, TP, ALP 및 GLU는 42～21%, TCHO, AST, TG, Hb 및 CRE는 18～3%의 범위를 나타내었으나, BUN의 분석값은 모두 검출한계를 벗어나지 않았다.

• 대한보건연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 종합건강검진 수검자의 신체측정과 혈액검사를 통해 탈수 위험요인에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구 분석을 위해 Sodium ($Na^+$), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) 및 FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)의 데이터가 유효한 5,391개의 샘플을 선택하여 혈장삼투압 탈수지표를 계산하였다. 조사 데이터는 2014.01.01과 2015.12.31사이에 삼육서울의료원 종합건강검진센터를 방문한 검진 수검자로부터 수집되었다. 탈수와 연령, 체질량지수(BMI), 질병노출(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증, 신장장애)의 관계를 성별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 탈수 교차비는 남성과 여성 모두 50대 이상 연령부터 통계적 유의성이 나타났다. 비만여성은 탈수에 취약했으나 남성은 BMI 차이에 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 질병에 노출된 그룹(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상 지질 혈증, 신장 장애)은 탈수에 취약하였다. 또한 질병노출 수가 많을수록 교차비가 높아 탈수 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 노화, BMI증가, 질병노출은 탈수에 취약하게 하는 위험요인으로 나타났다. 50세 이후 연령대는 탈수예방을 위해 BMI와 만성질환 조절에 특별한 주의가 요구된다. 질병발생에 잠재적인 자극 메커니즘으로 혈장 삼투압 증가에 영향을 끼치는 탈수 위험요인에 대한 추가 연구를 제안한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of reduced L-glutathione on the oxidant/antioxidant status(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide(LPO) concentration), renal function(blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine levels), and microscopy of renal tissues in pigs undergoing unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R). Sixteen Landrace and Yorkshire mixed-breed pigs were divided randomly into two groups: untreated control group and reduced L-glutathione-treated group(4 mg/kg IV). Each group had 8 pigs. Pigs were unilaterally nephrectomized and the kidney was subject to 30 min of renal pedicle occlusion. Blood samples for biochemical assay were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 post nephrectomy. Renal I/R injury were evaluated histopathologically by the microscopic observation of renal tissue sections and biochemically by the measurement of the plasma creatinine and urea levels. Parameters of oxidative stress such as SOD, GPx, CAT, protein carbonyl and LPO were measured. The elevation of creatine and BUN levels was lower in the treated group, compared with the control group. The activities of antioxidant-enzyme were higher in the treated group, compared with the control group. In histological findings, the severity of damage in the reduced L-glutathione treated group was less when compared to the control group.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.379-383
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• 1998

Sodium arsenate and Paljin-Tang extract (PJT), a herbal restorative were treated p.o. 20 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, and concurrently to rats, and examined the biochemical parameters in blood. The values of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) in each group did not show significant variance. The value of aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) of arsenic-treated group was increased for 2 weeks significantly while that of the group of concurrent administration with PJT became low significantly compared with arsenic-treated group and the value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of arsenic-treated group was decreased while that of the group of concurrent administration with PJT was increased significantly compared with arsenic-treated group. The value of glucose (Glu) was increased and those of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) were decreased at first but increased later while the group of concurrent administration with PJT showed significant recovery from the toxicity of arsenic.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate effects of honeybee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) on the calving, the growth performance and blood chemistry occurrence of Hanwoo calves. A total of twenty, a 3 day old male experimental calves were allocated into four groups, BV treated (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg BV, n=5, respectively) and non-treated (n=5, Control) of Hanwoo calves in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Treatment of BV in calves increased body weight and weight gain during 60 days compared with control group. The concentrations of IgG in blood were significantly increased in BV groups compared with control at 60 days after treatment with BV. Cholesterol and glucose concentrations in BV group were significantly lower with control at 60 days. There were no differences in plasma biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (AKLP), total protein, albumin, globuline, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and $Ca^+$. In conclusion, the BV treatment had effect on growth, the score of the calf scours and blood biochemical profile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.660-665
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of metabolizable protein (MP) on lactation performance and nitrogen (N) efficiencies in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Nine multiparous cows in mid lactation [$113{\pm}25$ days in milk] received three treatments in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with a period length of 21 days. The treatments were three diets, designed to provide similar energy and increasing supply of MP (g/d) (2,371 [low], 2,561 [medium], and 2,711 [high] with corresponding crude protein levels [%]) 15.2, 18.4, and 20.9, respectively. Results: Increasing MP supplies did not modify dry matter intake, however, it increased milk protein, fat, and lactose yield linearly. Similarly, fat corrected milk increased linearly (9.3%) due to an increase in both milk yield (5.2%) and milk fat content (7.8%). No effects were observed on milk protein and lactose contents across the treatments. Milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) decreased from 0.26 to 0.20; whereas, the metabolic efficiency of MP decreased from 0.70 to 0.60 in low to high MP supplies, respectively. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased linearly in response to increasing MP supplies. Conclusion: Increasing MP supplies resulted in increased milk protein yield; however, a higher BUN and low MNE indicated an efficient utilization of dietary protein at low MP supplies.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

The renoprotective activities of white ginseng radix and rootlet were compared in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) with diabetes. During oral administration of white ginseng radix (Ginseng Radix Alba, GRA) and white ginseng rootlet (Ginseng Radix Palva, GRP) for four weeks, arterial blood pressure and blood glucose levels were determined at every 10 days. In both GRA- and GRP-treatment groups, arterial blood pressures started to go down after 10 days of administration and maintained throughout the study period. After four weeks administrations of GRA and GRP, diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased with 17% and 9%, respectively. GRA treatment also decreased blood glucose levels after 10 days of administration when compared with diabetic SHR group. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were not significantly different between the groups, except 62% higher value of BUN in diabetic SHR group when compared with SHR group. In the diabetic SHR group, the excretion of urinary albumin was increased significantly when compared with SHR. The level of urinary albumin in GRA treated group was markedly reduced when compared with diabetic SHR group $(67.8{\pm}4.7\;vs.\;131.3{\pm}13.5\;mg/24\;h).$ To examine the effects of ginseng radices on an overt diabetic nephropathy, index of kidney hypertrophy and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1\;(TGF-{\beta}1)$ protein levels were evaluated. The glomerular and tubular cells stained positive for $TGF-{\beta}1$ seemed to be more abundant in diabetic SHR than in those with SHR, and GRA treated rats showed somewhat less $TGF-{\beta}1$ protein in glomerular and tubular cells when compared with diabetic SHR. Our results suggest that GRA might be a useful antihypertensive and antidiabetic agent with renoprotective effect.