• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2006

Signs of dental discolouration, difficulty in mastication, bony exostosis and debility were observed in cattle from Qingtongxia Ningxia, China where fluoride concentration in drinking water, soil, fodder, serum, bone, teeth, haircoat and urine were significantly higher than the corresponding health site. The problem of fluorosis in beef cattle is attributable to water containing toxic levels of fluoride. The objective of this paper was therefore to evaluate the influence of fluoride on erythrocyte parameters in cattle under high fluoride and low selenium conditions, as well as the protective efficacy of selenium exposure in feedstuff for bovine endemic fluorosis. Sixteen 6 to 7 year-old high fluoride beef cattle were randomly allotted into two groups each with eight cows: high fluoride control group, and supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg selenium per day for 83 days respectively. In addition, eight 6 to 7 year-old normal control beef cattle were selected from a non-high fluoride site. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 30 and 83 for erythrocyte parameters analysis and scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicated that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume values and $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase activity from affected cattle on the high fluoride site were significantly reduced during the period as compared with the corresponding samples of normal control cattle, a great number of echinocytes were present in peripheral blood, and subsequent anaemia. However, affected cattle exposed to selenium revealed increasable erythrocyte parameters, the extent of elevation in these values being dependent on the duration of supplementation with selenium. These findings suggest that fluoride exposure can cause erythrocyte damage, whereas selenium supplementation can antagonize fluoride-induced generation of free radicals and cumulative effects of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Selenium supplementation may help to alleviate the possible hazards associated with bovine endemic fluorosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.899-906
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• 1993

사람의 혈중 셀레늄의 농도는 식품의 셀레늄 함유량과 생리적 이용도에 따른다. 그러므로 특히 토양중 셀레늄의 농도가 낮은 나라에서는 식이 형태에 따라 셀레늄의 섭취량과 혈중 셀레늄 농도의 차이를 볼 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 평균 독일 식이(average German diet)를 하는 건강한 성인 여자 175명과 wholesome nutrition을 지켜온 243명을 대상으로 셀레늄의 영양상태를 살펴보았다. 평균 독일 식이군에서 평균 전혈 셀레늄의 농도와 혈장 셀레늄의 농도는 84.79$\mu\textrm{g}$/l, 혈장 셀레늄의 농도는 75.02$\mu\textrm{g}$/l 이었고, wholesome nutrition군에서 전혈 셀레늄의 농도와 혈장 셀레늄의 농도가 각각 78.62$\mu\textrm{g}$/l 와 63.95$\mu\textrm{g}$/l로 두 식이군 간에 전혈 셀레늄 농도와 혈장 셀레늄 농도에서 모두 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 그리고 셀레늄의 혈중 농도에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 BMI, 나이, 하루 식품 섭취량과의 상관 관계를 조사해 보았다. BMI와 나이는 전혈, 그리고 혈장 셀레늄 농도와 유의적인 상관관계를 찾아볼 수 없었으며, 하루 식품 섭취량과의 상관 관계에서는 wholesome nutrition군에서 전혈 셀레늄 농도에서 모두 생선 섭취량과 유의적인 상관 관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and availability of salt pharmacopuncture of Korean sun-dried salt and processing salt on the basis of bibliographical review. Methods : This study was done through a narrative review of related bibliography including medical books, journals, general bibliography, and web sites. Results : 1. Korean sun-dried salt is produced in the ground with soil, tiles, and pottery. Sun-dried, traditional, granulated, bamboo, and grilled salts are all appropriate for medical use. They are composed of a lower level of NaCl and unnecessary substances, and have a higher water and mineral content. 2. The 9~30 g of NaCl included in the physiological saline matches the ratio of a normal human body. However, if the saline is used for water supply, it should be improved because the recommended amount is much lower. 3. Medicine that includes NaCl is applied for lessening the congestion of the nasal cavity, alleviating cornea swelling, or for a lack of water. NaCl can also be used for washing contact lenses as well as cleaning the mucous membrane of the eyes and nose. 4. Salt relieves anger, detoxifies, induces vomiting, builds strong muscles and bones, gives energy, slows aging, and ultimately improves health. 5. Salt treats many diseases including: cardiovascular, hematosis, respirometer, obstetric, musculoskeletal, mineral supplement, eye, teeth and skin issues, etc.. However, salt is not used for treating asthma, cough, or other ailments mainly affecting the vascular system. 6. While NaCl in salt absorbs water and the vascular constriction results in higher blood pressure, the pressure induced from salt is actually a physiologically temporary rise. Rather, salt helps remove oil from the body and its potassium lowers blood pressure. Conclusions : It was suggested that salt pharmacopuncture of Korean sun-dried salt and processing salt should be made available for adjusting the physiological salt concentration and control of the Na side effects, therefore it would be useful in the treatment of diseases.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.655-666
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• 1996

The effect of protease (subtilisin Carlsberg) on the removal of hemoglobin as protein soil was studied. The relation between the renloval and the hydrolysis of hemoglobin by subtilisin Carlsberg was discussed. The soiled babric was prepared by spotting of hemoglobin solution evenly on the cotton fabric and was denatured by steaming. The soiled fabric was washed by using Terg-0-Tometer at various conditions. The removal efficiency was evaluated by analysis of protein on the fabrics before and after washing by means of copper-Folin method. 1. The removal of hemoglobin was increased in proportion to increasing of the enzyme concentration up to a certain point, but it began to decrease above the point. 2. The hemoglobin was removed effectively by adding of subtilisin Carlsberg, and more effectively removed by adding of AOS in the enzyme solution. 3. The removal of hemoglobin deviated from the first order reaction in detergency. 4. The renloval of hemoglobin was highest at $50^{\circ}C$ in detergency, Even at low temperature the removal efficiency of enzyme was relatively higher compared with the hydrolysis of hemoglobin by the enzyme. However the removal of hemoglobin was apparently decreased with the increase of temperature over $60^{\circ}C$. 5. The removal of hemoglobin was relatively high at pH 7.0~8.0 and increased continuously with the increase of pH in detergency 6. In detergency, the removal mechanism of hemoglobin by subtilisin Carlsberg could be explained as follows: Fisrt of all, the enzyme hydrolyzed hemoglobin substrates partially by forming E-S complex at the surface of hemoglobin on the cotton fiber, and decomposed cooperative binding of hemoglobin. Subsequently, the fragments of hemoglobin were easily removed by washing. According as the enzyme penetrated to inner part of hemoglobin gradually, the hemoglobin on the cotton fiber was effectively removed by the repetition of these process. The removal of hemoglobin was more effectively increased by adding both the enzyme and AOS in the washing solution. Therefore, it was regarded that AOS molecules were adsorbed at the hydrophobic surface of denatured hemoglobin, subsequently, decomposed more effectively cooperative binding of hemoglobin, and the fragments of hemoglobin were removed more efficiently by means of the interfacial reaction of AOS.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2004

본 연구는 지하수로부터 유래한 벤젠이 실내공기에 휘발되어 호흡을 통하여 인체에 유입될때 각 장기에 분포하고 제거되는 것을 묘사하는 동적약리학 모델의 불확실성 및 중요도 분석의 결과를 제공하였다. 오염된 실내공기의 호흡을 통해 체내에 유입된 벤젠이 각 장기에 분포하는 비율과 농도를 모의하기 위해 기존의 동적약리학 모델을 적용하였으며 간에서의 분해대사를 포함하여 구성하였다. 본 연구는 동적약리학 모델의 각 장기의 혈류량, 분배계수, 분해상수, 부피 등과 같은 인자들에 대한 지식 및 측정의 부족에서 오는 고정된 단일 값의 사용이 야기하는 불확실성 문제에 대해 초점을 맞추었다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 동적약리학 모델과 불확실성 분석을 동시에 수행되었으며 앞으로 휘발성 유기화합물과 관련한 위해도 평가에서의 이해를 높일 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2010

Objective : To characterize Five Woons of Asian women who live at Los Angeles area in U.S.A Methods : A set of physical tests and diagnostic questions were given to 242 Asian female subjects who were treated for their symptoms at a clinic of Asian medicine near Los Angeles in USA. The participants were given their constitutions, one of the Five Woons based on their birthdays. The physical tests included a body composition via Inbody 4.0 and an autonomic bioelectric response record via ABR2000. The oneway analysis of variance was applied to compare the means of the Five Woons and the physical test results. The Cross tabulation analysis was also applied to look for the effectiveness of Five Woons on the symptoms. Results : 1. In the body composition items, the LSD(least significant difference) showed that there were significant differences between the Soil Woon and the other Four Woons which are Water, Metal, Fire and Wood Woons in weight, fat, body fat %, BMI (p<0.2). 2. Based on the LSD, significant differences were observed among the Five Woons in R5, R6 and R7(p<0.2). 3. The cross tabulation analysis showed the significant effectiveness of the Five Woons on the five symptoms including dizziness, hot and cold, lower body edema, fatigue and to take a medication for high blood pressure out of 24 diagnostic questions (p<0.2). Conclusions : Further clinical research is necessary to develop a more delicate questionnaire and look for ways of characterizing the Five Woons. The diagnosis and corresponding treatment based on the Five Woons should be further studied in view of the Oriental medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.896-903
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• 2019

Objective: Qianbei-Pockmarked goats are affected by a disorder locally referred to as 'Ruanguzheng Disorder', which is characterized by emaciation, lameness, muscular relaxation, stiffness of the extremities, and abnormal curvatures of the long bones. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the disorder and phosphorus deficiency. Methods: Tissue samples were collected from affected and healthy animals, while soil and herbage samples were collected from affected and healthy pastures. Biochemical parameters were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer (OLYMPUS AU 640, Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan). Mineral contents in soil, forage, and tissue were determined using a Perkin-Elmer AAS5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA). Results: The results showed that phosphorus contents in herbages from affected pastures were markedly lower than those from healthy areas (p<0.01), and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the affected herbages was 12.93:1. The phosphorus contents of wool, blood, tooth, and bone from affected animals were also markedly lower than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Serum phosphorus values in affected animals were much lower than those in healthy animals, while serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected animals were markedly higher than those from healthy animals (p<0.01). Inorganic phosphorus values from affected animals were approximately half of that in the control group. Supplementation of disodium hydrogen phosphate prevented and cured the disorder. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Ruanguzheng disorder in Qianbei-Pockmarked goats is primarily caused by phosphorus deficiencies in herbage due to fenced pastures and natural habitat fragmentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2000

The preliminary screening of several cyanobacteria, using mice bioassay, reveale the production of a hepatotoxin by the cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. strain BT 23 isolated from soil. An intraperitoneal injection of the crude toxin (LD50 56 mg/kg body wt) from this strain caused the death of the mice within 40 min, and the anmals showed slinical signs of mice within 40 min, and the animals showed clinical signs of hepatotoxicity. The toxin was purified and partially characterized. The active fraction appears to be nonpolar in nature and shows absorption peaks at 240 and 285 nm. The purified toxin had an LD50 of TEX>$100<\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ body wt and the test mice died within 40 min of toxin administration. The toxin-treated mice showed a 1.65-fold increase in liver weight at 40 min and the liver color chnged to dark red due to intrahepatic hemorrhage and pooling of blood. Furthermore, the administration of the toxin to test mice induced a 2.58, 2.63, and 2.30-fold increse in the activity of the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. Further experiments with the 14C-labeled toxin revealed a maximum accumulation of the toxin in the liver. The clinical symptoms in the mice were similar to those produced by microcystin-L.R. These results suggest that hepatotoxins may also be produced in non bloom-forming planktonic cyanobacteria.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1991

The sudden death syndrome has been encountered in Korean native cattle in a small island village of Yeochun, Chonnam since 1984. In an effort to diagnose the causes of the condition, 10 calves were purchased and shipped to the village to be reared conventionally. During the period of April 1988 through March 1989 the animals were clinically examined every month, samples of blood and feces collected and examined. Soils, plants and water samples were analysed, and necropsy was performed on two calves which died during the period. No abnormalities were found by clinical examination. Soil, plant and water analysis did not reveal any abnormalities which could be related to sudden death. One of the 2 dead calves was fallen and suffocated to death after the right hock was tied by rein. The other had a torsion In jejunum after plowing. Epidemiological examination revealed that two calves of one farmer died in one day from bloat. Authors explained the results and asked the people in the island to improve management of the animals, and no more sudden death occurred for 2 years.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of "brominated" (bromine containing) man-made chemicals used as flame retardant additives in plastics, foams, and textiles. PBDEs are found in various environmental contaminants in air, soil, sediment, and water, and 209 individual forms (congeners) of PBDE exist. Among these, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the dominant congener found in the environment. Exposure to BDE-47 is now worldwide, and levels of BDE-47 have been detected in the blood of animals, including humans. BDE-47 can adversely affect the developmental system in both humans and animals. BDEs have structural similarities to polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid hormones. However, recent studies have shown that BDEs may act as hormonal disrupting chemicals with detrimental effects. Therefore, a reliable assessment of BDE-47 toxicological action is required to understand the detrimental impacts of BDE-47 on human health. In this review, we overview recent studies on the distribution and potential toxicological effects of BDE-47 in humans and animals.