• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the effects of exercise intervention on blood glucose control in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The PubMed and KERISS search engines were used and 61 papers that met the key questions were selected. RESULTS: Exercise is an effective intervention for the control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients because it does not impair glucose transport in the skeletal muscle induced by muscle contractions. Insulin resistance, which is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, is caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin responsiveness. Acute exercise improves the glucose metabolism by increasing the insulin-independent signaling pathways and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, and regular long-term exercise improves the skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness and systemic glucose metabolism by increasing the mitochondrial and GLUT4 protein expression in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the glucose metabolism through exercise shows a dose-response pattern, and if exercise consumes the same number of calories, high intensity exercise will be more effective for the glucose metabolism. On the other hand, it is practically difficult for a patient with obese type 2 diabetes to control their blood glucose with high intensity or long-term exercise. Therefore, it will be necessary to study safe adjuvants (cinnamic acid, lithium) that can produce similar effects to high-intensity and high-volume exercises in low-intensity and low-volume exercises.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1726-1731
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• 2013

The effects of different dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters were investigated in 2 to 3 months old growing rabbits. A total of 150 growing rabbits of 2 months age were randomly divided into five groups according to average body weight, with 30 rabbits in each group. The DEB levels of the five experimental diets were -154, -3.16, +201, +347, and +500 meq/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. There was a 7-d adaptation period and a 23-d experimental period. The results showed that the DEB levels had a quadratic affect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.001). The greatest ADFI was achieved when the DEB level was +201 meq/kg DM. Fecal N (FN) content linearly decreased (0.047), while digestible N (DN), retained N (RN), efficiency of intake N converted into digestible N (DN/IN) and the efficiency of intake N converted into retained N (RN/IN) linearly increased with the DEB increase (0.020, 0.004, 0.021, and 0.049, respectively). Serum phosphorus (P) ion content linearly increased with the DEB increase (p = 0.036). The DEB had a quadratic relationship with serum anion gap (AG) (p = 0.002) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) content (p = 0.016). The DEB levels quadratically affected base excess (BE) in the plasma (p<0.001). In conclusion, the DEB unaffected growth performance but affected feed intake, N metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters of growing rabbits.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.24.1-24.9
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• 2020

Brown alga (Ishige okamurae; IO) dietary supplements have been reported to possess anti-diabetic properties. However, the effects of IO supplements have not been evaluated on glucose metabolism in the pancreas and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 N male mice (age, 7 weeks) were arranged in five groups: a chow diet with 0.9% saline (NFD/saline group), high-fat diet (HFD) with 0.9% saline (HFD/saline group). high-fat diet with 25 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/25/IOE). high-fat diet with 50 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/50/IOE), and high-fat diet with 75 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/75/IOE). After 4 weeks, the plasma, pancreas, and skeletal muscle samples were collected for biochemical analyses. IOE significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance impairment and fasting and 2 h blood glucose level in HFD mice. IOE also stimulated the protein expressions of the glucose transporters (GLUTs) including GLUT2 and GLUT4 and those of their related transcription factors in the pancreases and skeletal muscles of HFD mice, enhanced glucose metabolism, and regulated blood glucose level. Our results suggest Ishige okamurae extract may reduce blood glucose levels by improving glucose metabolism in the pancreas and skeletal muscle in HFD-induced diabetes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2021

본 연구는 다양한 강도의 자전거 운동이 비만 중년 여성의 신체구성, 혈중지질 및 지방대사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 35~55세의 비만중년여성 17명을 대상으로 저강도 그룹 5명, 중강도 그룹 6명, 고강도 그룹 6명으로 무선 배정하여 주 3회(월, 수, 금) 1일 20~50분의 다양한 강도별 자전거운동이 신체구성과 혈중지질, 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 비교·분석한 결과, 신체구성의 변화에서는 그룹 간 유의한 차이를 나타나지 않았으며, 혈중지질의 변화에서 글루코스의 그룹별 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 지방대사의 변화에서 그룹별 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 또한 시기, 시기×집단의 상호작용 효과에서도 모두 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 내용을 종합하면 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 다양한 각도에서 관련 전공 분야의 연구와 개선을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (T2D), develops hyperglycemic obesity with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance after the age of 25 weeks, similar to patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, we determined whether there are differences in the pattern of gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism between OLETF rats and their control counterparts, Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. The experiment was done using 35-week-old OLETF and LETO rats. At week 35 male OLETF rats showed overt T2D and increases in blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides (TG) and plasma total cholesterol (TC). Livers of diabetic OLETF and LETO rats also showed differences in expression of mRNA for glucose and lipid metabolism related genes. Among glucose metabolism related genes, GAPDH mRNA was significantly higher and FBPase and G6Pase mRNA were significantly lower in OLETF rats. For lipid metabolism related genes, HMGCR, SCD1 and HL mRNA were substantially higher in OLETF rats. These results indicate that gluconeogenesis in OLETF rats is lower and glycolysis is higher, which means that glucose metabolism might be compensated for by a lowering of the blood glucose level. However, lipid synthesis is increased in OLETF rats so diabetes may be aggravated. These differences between OLETF and LETO rats suggest mechanisms that could be targeted during the development of therapeutic agents for diabetes.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus care mixture (DCM) on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice. DCM consisted of lagerstroemia speciose, allium hookeri, momordica charantia, amaranthus tricolor, and boesenbergia rotunda, which have been proven to have antidiabetic properties. Methods: In this study, we researched the effects of DCM in type 2 diabetic mellitus mice. C57BLKS/J mouse groups had no treatment, db/db mouse randomly assigned to 2 groups, and treated with distilled water and DCM (200 mg/kg/day). Blood glucose levels and body weight were checked every week. After 4 weeks of treatment, liver function indicators (AST, ALT, and LDH) and lipid metabolites (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were measured with a biochemistry analyzer. Diabetic factors (insulin, resistin, and leptin) were measured with ELISA. Results: DCM was decreased blood glucose, diabetic factors, liver function indicators, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol significantly. Also, HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in DCM group. The bodyweight of DCM group decreased but, no significant difference with the control group. DCM may have the potential to improved diabetes mellitus by regulating blood glucose levels and diabetic factors. Also protecting from diabetic complications by adjusting liver function indicators and lipid metabolites. Conclusions: These results suggest that DCM to be used as an oriental medicine for diabetes, the results of clinical trials are needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2005

Omeprazole (OMP) is a proton pump inhibitor used as an oral treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. In the liver, it is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isoenzymes such as CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. 5-Hyroxyomeprazole (5-OHOMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-SFN) are the two major metabolites of OMP in human. Cimetidine (CMT) inhibits the breakdown of drugs metabolized by CYP450 and reduces, the clearance of coad-ministered drug resulted from both the CMT binding to CYP450 and the decreased hepatic blood flow due to CMT. Phenobarbital (PB) induces drug metabolism in laboratory animals and human. PB induction mainly involves mammalian CYP forms in gene families 2B and 3A. PB has been widely used as a prototype inducer for biochemical investigations of drug metabolism and the enzymes catalyzing this metabolism, as well as for genetic, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations. In order to investigate the influence of CMT and PB on the metabolite kinetics of OMP, we intravenously administered OMP (30 mg/kg) to rats intraperitoneally pretreated with normal saline (5 mL/kg), CMT (100 mg/kg) or PB (75 mg/kg) once a day for four days, and compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP. The systemic clearance ($CL_{t}$) of OMP was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in CMT-pretreated rats and significantly (p<0.05) increased in PB-pretreated rats. These results indicate that CMT inhibits the OMP metabolism due to both decreased hepatic blood flow and inhibited enzyme activity of CYP2C19 and 3A4 and that PB increases the OMP metabolism due to stimulation of the liver blood flow and/or bile flow, due not to induction of the enzyme activity of CYP3A4.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1995

Effects of $Biozyme_{R}$ and $\textrm{Business}_{R}$ on alcohol metabolism in rats, and on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were studied in vitro. Alcohol concentration in rat blood was decreased after the treatment of Business(3.3 mι/kg, Biozyme 1.67 mg/wι) and Biozyme(3.3 mι/kg, 1.67 mg/mι) prior to the administration of ethanol(25%, 0.83 g/kg). And the acetaldehyde concentration of rat blood was also decreased when compared with control values in the same condition. Effects of Biozyme on ADH and ALDH activity were also studied. While the ALDH activity was elevated in the presence of Biozyme(2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay), the ADH activity was not influenced by Biozyme at the concentration range from 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay to 0.2 mg/assay. In summary, Biozyme accelerated the rate of ethanol metabolism and the acceleration might be due to the increase in ALDH activity.vity.