• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.319-324
• /
• 2002

In a previous study, we developed a new food additive as an egg yolk antibody (IgY) against carbohydrate digestion enzymer for the regulation of blood glucose level and weight control. The IgY delayed and decreased the increment if blood glucose level after administration of sucrose in human being by 30% in 20∼30 min. We also developed a lipase inhibitor as a water extract of two kinds of herb, Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum Melongena, Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the egg yolk IgY Plus the herbal extracts for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of egg yolk IgY and natural herbal extract improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.432-444
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on anthropometric measurements, quality of diets, and blood parameters through the weight loss program in over weight or obese women. The subjects (n=76, $age\;31.1{\pm}8.4y,\;weight\;70.3{\pm}7.9kg,\;BMI\;27.2{\pm}2.4kg/m^2$) without medical disease were treated with MNT 5 times for 12 weeks by dietitian. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat mass, lean body mass, triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness, mid-arm, waist, hip and thigh circumference. Dietary assessments were accomplished using 3-days food records, diet quality index (DQI), and dietary pattern. The dietary pattern was assessed by daily energy intakes from breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks of calorie density, and numbers of eating. Blood levels of leptin, lipid profiles (total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and insulin were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements decreased significantly after MNT (p<0.001). Waist circumference was reduced most rapidly and tricep skin-fold thickness was reduced most effectively after 12 weeks of MNT. Daily energy intake, calorie density and numbers of eating incidence decreased significantly $0796.4{\pm}395.5\;vs\;1402.9{\pm}217.8\;kcal/day,\;162.3{\pm}56.5\;vs\;113.4{\pm}30.1,\;5.0{\pm}1.4\;vs\;3.8{\pm}0.4$, respectively, p<0.05). The daily energy intake from breakfast and snacks significantly decreased (p<0.001). Calories from snack, calorie density of snack and numbers of snacking also decreased (p<0.05). The mean scores of DQI significantly increased ($7.6{\pm}2.1\;vs\;6.5{\pm}1.6$, p<0.05). The plasma levels of total lipid, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and leptin decreased significantly after MNT ($489.8{\pm}100.4\;vs\;447.0{\pm}87.3mg/dL,\;187.7{\pm}34.0\;vs\;175.9{\pm}31.5mg/dL,\;115.2{\pm}29.2\;vs\;109.2{\pm}26.7mg/dL,\;15.7{\pm}7.6\;vs\;12.4{\pm}5.9ng/mL$, respectively, p<0.05). These results indicate that MNT efficiently reduced the body weight through the changes in dietary intake, dietary patterns and dietary quality. MNT also changed body composition and reduced the levels of plasma lipid, cholesterol and leptin.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.334-345
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and blood lipids according to the obesity index of middle aged men. Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on percentage of body fat (%Fat),; normal weight (10-20% fat), overweight (20-25% fat) and obesity (over 25% fat). Nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires and 24 hour recall method and blood lipids were analyzed by blood analyzer. The results were as follows: 1) Nutrient intakes were that carbohydrate intake rate in obesity group was lower than normal group and lipids intake rate in obesity group was higher than normal group. The intake of riboflavin and folic acid were differ normal and obesity group (p < 0.05), and normal group ingested under recommended intake. 2) Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure in obesity group were higher than normal group but the differences were not significant. The attack rate of coronary heart disease and blood glucose in obesity group is higher than normal group (p < 0.05). 3) The correlation of anthropometric measurements, blood lipid, blood glucose and blood pressure had significant results. Soft lean mass was associated BMI (p < 0.01), TC (p < 0.05), HDL (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05) and SBP (p < 0.05). TG was associated TC (p < 0.05), HDL (p < 0.01), VLDL (p < 0.001) and Risk (p < 0.01). TC was associated LDL (p < 0.01) and Risk (p < 0.01). Blood glucose was associated TC (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05), SBP (p < 0.05) and DBP (p < 0.05). These results suggest that reduction of body weight for the attack risk of obesity group in coronary heart disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2007

It is known that onion increases antioxidative and antibiotic capacity, and decreases blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The study was carried out to investigate whether ethanol extract of onion can enhance blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic patients. Foully three hypercholesterolemic patients were randomly divided into 2 groups; 25 in controls and 18 in experimental group. The control group was offered to take placebo for 4 weeks (200 ml/day), and experimental group was offered to consume ethanol extract of onion for 8 weeks (200 ml/day that corresponds to 500 g of onion). There were no differences in sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and educational levels between groups before treatment. After 8 weeks of onion extract consumption, plasma triglycerides level was significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control (p<0.05). Total cholesterol level was tended to decrease in experimental group, but there was no significant difference of change between control and experimental group. The levels of plasma glucose and LDL-cholesterol were not changed significantly after onion extract consumption. In summary, alcohol extract of onion may have a positive effect on the lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemia patients through decreasing plasma triglyceride concentration.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.100-110
• /
• 2008

Recently, a lot of epidemiological studies revealed that low HDL-cholesterol level was a better predictor of risk for coronary heart disease than total cholesterol. This study investigated the anthropometric parameters, clinical blood indices, and dietary factors influencing serum HDL-cholesterol level by using a cross-sectional study for Korean female college students. The subjects were 94 female college students. They were divided into three groups according to their serum HDL-cholesterol levels, low HDL-cholesterol (<50 mg/dL, n=20), medium HDL-cholesterol (50 $\leq$, < 60 mg/dL, n=39) high serum HDL-cholesterol groups (60 $\leq$ mg/dL, n = 35). This study examined their demographic data and dietary intake throughout a questionnaire. Clinical blood indices were measured using an automatic blood chemistry analyzer (Selectra E), after 12 hours of fasting. BMI, body weight, fat mass, and waist circumferences were significantly increased according to low serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Serum lipid analysis showed a significantly higher level of TG, LDL-/HDL-Ratio, atherogenic index in the low HDL-cholesterol group. Serum levels of GPT, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase in the low HDL-cholesterol group were significantly higher than in the other group. The average consumption of energy was 1627 kcal and 77.76% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The mean ratio of calories from carbohydrate: protein: fat was 57:15:28. The low HDL-cholesterol group was significantly higher than the other groups in eggs, fat and oils consumption. Interestingly, milk and diary products consumption of low HDL-cholesterol group was half (p < 0.05) of those of the other groups. In conclusion, serum HDL-cholesterol levels appeared to be decreased by increasing BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and serum TG level. In addition, some dietary factors seemed to be related to serum HDL-cholesterol levels. However, further research is needed to elucidate the exact relationship between serum HDL-cholesterol level and dietary factors.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.48-60
• /
• 2020

Objective The purpose of this study is to study the effects of Taeeumjowi-tang extract granule on metabolic syndrome with obesity in Taeeumin. Methods We studied 206 subjects who diagnosed metabolic syndrome with obesity and classified Taeeumin by a Sasang constitution analysis tool. The subjects were administered by Taeeumjowi-tang for 12 weeks. We investigated the changes of body mass index, abdominal circumference, the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome, lipid, fasting blood sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, free fatty acid, insulin, and blood pressure. Results Body mass index and abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of administration compared to before administration. Triglyceride significantly decreased after 8 weeks and 12 weeks of dosing compared to before taking. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar were significantly increased after 8 weeks of administration compared to before administration. High density lipoprotein cholessterol was decreased significantly after 4 weeks of administration compared to before administration. The number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome, Hemoglobin A1c increased significantly after 12 weeks of administration compared to screening. Conclusions In this study we knew that Taeeumjowi-tang extract granule is very efficient in metabolic syndrome, especially in obesity and hypertension, triglyceride, insulin resistance.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.176-189
• /
• 2012

This study examined the effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on obese women and aimed to confirm that the effects of KRG on obesity differ dependently on a gene. Fifty obese women were recruited and randomized to receive KRG (n=24) or placebo (n=26) for 8 wk. Measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, percentage of body fat, resting metabolic rate, basal body temperature, and daily food intake (FI), blood test (serum lipid, liver and renal function), Korean version of obesity-related quality of life scale (KOQOL), and a gene examination were performed. Comparisons of subjects before and after the administration of KRG revealed significant improvements of obesity in terms of weight, body mass index (BMI), WHR, FI, and KOQOL. However, in the comparison between KRG group and placebo group, only KOQOL was significantly different. KRG displayed significant efficacy on BMI and KOQOL in the CT genotype of the G protein beta 3 gene, but not in the CC genotype, on blood sugar test in the Trp64/Arg genotype of the beta 3 adrenergic receptor gene, but not in Trp64/Trp genotype, on KOQOL in the DD genotype of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene, but not in the ID and DD genotypes. The effects of KRG on obesity were confirmed to some extent. However, a distinct effect compared to placebo was not confirmed. KRG is more effective for improving the secondary issues of the quality of life derived from obesity rather than having direct effects on the obesity-related anthropometric assessment and blood test indices.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intakes, blood pressure, and blood lipids in Korean adults according to BMI. Subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to BMI, which included normal group (18.5$\leq$BMI<23), overweight group (23$\leq$BMI<25), obese group (25$\leq$BMI). The average age, height, weight, BMI of the subjects were 53.1years, 159.2cm, 54.5kg, 21.4kg/$m^2$ for normal group, 52.3years, 159.4cm, 61.4kg, 24.1kg/$m^2$ for overweight group, 55.9years, 158.7cm, 68.5kg, 27.2kg/$m^2$ for obese group, respectively. There were not significant differences in energy and food intakes by BMI groups. The blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum LDL-cholesterol, and AI were significantly increased and serum HDL-cholesterol decreased with increment of BMI. The age and BMI were significantly positively correlated with blood pressure and serum lipids except HDL-cholesterol. There was significantly negative correlation between percentage of protein energy intake and AI. To summarize these results, energy, nutrient, and food intakes were not significantly correlated with BMI, and blood pressure and blood lipids increased with increment of BMI. Further systematic study of relation among nutrient intakes including various life factors, BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile is needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo on the body fat and serum lipid profiles in 61 obese elementary school students. The subjects divided into two groups 31 obese children had the experimental diet (rice embryo inoculated Monacolin) and 30 obese children had the control diet three times a day after meals. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of 61 subjects were $10.5\pm0.5$ years, $143.6\pm6.8cm,\;55.0\pm8.9kg,\;and\;26.1 \pm3.9$, respectively. The changes of body fat mass (kg) in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -0.60kg and -0.03kg, respectively. The changes of body fat $(\%)$ in experimental group and control group after 6weeks were $-1.44\%\;and\;-0.25\%$, respectively. These changes of body fat in experimental group were significantly higher than in control group (p<0.05). The change of total-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6weeks were -17.52mg/dL and -1.70mg/dL, respectively. The change of LDL-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6 weeks were -17.06mg/dL and - 2.80mg/dL, respectively. The change of triglyceride in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -9.58mg/dL and 11.67mg/dL. Total-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride of experimental group after 6 weeks significantly decreased compared to control group (p<0.05). After experimental diet (6 weeks), total-cholesterol was negatively correlated with body water contents, soft lean mass and fat free mass (p<0.05). Triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with body weight and body fat mass, however, it was negatively correlated with fat free mass (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol showed a significantly positive correlation with fat free mass (p<0.05). These results show that Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo is effective in decreasing body fat and blood lipid in obese children.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake, and the relationship between BMI and plasma lipid levels in Korean adults. This study was conducted from January 1 to December 31 of 1997. It consisted of 3781 subjects (men 2402, women : 1379) with the majority between the ages of 40 and 59. The dietary assessment was based upon a twenty-four-hour food record. Subjects were classified into one of four reference BMI groups : underweight ($\leq 20 kg/m^2$), normal (20.1-25.0 kg/$m^2$), overweight (25.1-30.0 kg/$m^2$), and obese (>30 kg/$m^2$). The biochemical assessment included measurements of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The BMI study showed that 60.5% of the men measured were normal and 32.6% of the men were overweight and/or obese subjects. Sixty-four percent of the women were normal and 20.3% of the women measured were overweight and/o. obese subjects. With respect to the daily energy intake of the men and women subjects, the levels of daily energy intake appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. Men of the overweight group had significantly higher protein, fat and cholesterol intake than those of the normal or the underweight groups. The alcohol intake of the men in the overweight group was also significantly higher than that of the men in the underweight group. With respect to percent energy intake of macronutrients, there was no significant difference between the four BMI groups and percent energy intake for all the subjects in the study. The ratio of percent energy intake of carbohydrates : protein : fat : alcohol of the normal women group was 62 : 17 : 20 : 1, respectively. Women apparently had a higher intake of carbohydrates than men (52 : 17 : 19 : 10). With respect to the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C, the levels of plasma TC, LDL-C and TC appeared to increase as the values of BMI increased, while the level of HDL-C appeared to decrease as values of BMI increased. Levels of lipoprotein (a) appeared to be inversely related to the values of BMI, and levels of PAI-1 appeared to increase as values of BMI increased. The results of this study demonstrate that there is a relationship between dietary intake and BMI, and that there is a relationship between BMI and blood lipids levels.