• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.956-963
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of iron shot practice volume based on golf skill level on the indices of muscle damage and fatigue in blood. Twenty four golf players were studied under conditions of different golf skill level (beginners, intermediate, expert) and practice volume (100, 200, 300balls). In this study blood CK and LDH were determined to show the level of muscle damage, and blood phosphorus, lactate, and ammonia were measured to see the level of fatigue. Blood creatinine, and IGF- I generally used to see the rate of protein synthesis were also measured. In summary, these results are interpreted to mean that 1) blood fatigue factors, muscle damages, and creatinine levels increased due to a rise in the practice volume of iron shot, 2) those levels decreased due to rise in the golf skill level, 3) blood fators and creatinine recovered quickly after exercise, however muscle damages did not recover even after 24hr, Therefore, both golf skill lev-el and practice volume should be considered to prevent muscle damage and fatigue during practice iron shot.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2006

In this work the kinetics of volume changes of fluid spaces associated with infusion of Ringer's solution are analyzed using the body fluid space model. During infusion of Ringer's solution, the human body is assumed to be characterized by the fluid space model into which fluid is fed and from which fluid is left. Various infusion types were tested to accommodate different medical situations. Volunteers were given Ringer's solution and the changes in blood hemoglobin were detected. From the comparison with experimental data, the single- and two-fluid space models were found to represent adequately the kinetics of human volume expansion during infusion of Ringer's solution.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

It is well known that malignant tumor have hypoxic cell fraction, which is radio resistant and is one of the most important cause of local recurrence after radiotherapy. One of the causes of hypoxia in tumor is blood flow decrease due to increase in blood flow resistance and one of the causes of increased blood flow resistance could be attributed to the increase in blood viscosity. For the evaluation of the change of blood viscosity in oral cancer, experiments were carried out to test the change of blood viscosity among the normal control and xenografted oral cancer nude mice. Relative viscosity measured against distilled water was $3.30{\pm}0.14$ for normal control, and $3.67{\pm}0.62$ for tumor bearing mice at the first time of blood sampling in experimental period ($100mm^3$ $200mm^3$). There was no statistically significant difference between the control group and experimental group (p>0.05). However, as the tumor grew, significant difference of blood viscosity was detected at the third time of blood sampling (control group:$3.37{\pm}0.59$, and experimental group: $4.31{\pm}0.41\;300mm^3$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.62-68
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• 2000

The aim of the study was to compare effects of music and white noise on the recovery of facial blood flow parameters after stressful visual stimulation. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the experiment. Three visual stimulation sessions with aversive slides (the IAPS, disgust category) were followed by subjectively "pleasant" (in the first session), "sad" music (in the second ), and white noise (in the third ). Order of sessions was counterbalanced. Blood flow parameters (peak blood flow, blood flow velocity, blood volume) were recorded by Laser Doppler single-crystal system (LASERFLO BPM 403A) interfaced through BIOPAC 100WS with AcqKnowledge software (v.3.5) and analyzed in off-line mode. Aversive visual stimulation itself decreased blood flow and velocity in all 3 sessions. Both "pleasant" and "sad" music led to the restoration of baseline levels in all blood flow parameters, while noise did not enhance recovery process. Music on post-stress recovery had significant change in peak blood flow and blood flow velocity, but not in blood volume measures. Pleasant music had bigger effects on post-stress recovery in peak blood flow and flow velocity than white noise. It reveals that music exerted positive modulatory effects on facial vascular activity measures during recovery from negative emotional state elicited by stressful slides. Results partially support the undoing hypothesis of Levenson (1994), which states that positive emotions may facilitate process of recovery from negative emotions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-301
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• 2013

Objective : We conducted a retrospective study examining the outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to identify parameters associated with prognosis. Methods : From January 2001 to June 2008, we treated 32 ICH patients (21 men, 11 women; mean age, 62 years) with CKD. We surveyed patients age, sex, underlying disease, neurological status using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), ICH volume, hematoma location, accompanying intraventricular hemorrhage, anti-platelet agents, initial and 3rd day systolic blood pressure (SBP), clinical outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and complications. The severity of renal functions was categorized using a modified glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Multifactorial effects were identified by regression analysis. Results : The mean GCS score on admission was $9.4{\pm}4.4$ and the mean mRS was $4.3{\pm}1.8$. The overall clinical outcomes showed a significant relationship on initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and mGFR. Also, the outcomes of patients with a severe renal dysfunction were significantly different from those with mild/moderate renal dysfunction (p<0.05). Particularly, initial hematoma volume and sBP on the 3rd day after ICH onset were related with mortality (p<0.05). However, the other factors showed no correlation with clinical outcome. Conclusion : Neurological outcome was based on initial neurological status, renal function and the volume of the hematoma. In addition, hematoma volume and uncontrolled blood pressure were significantly related to mortality. Hence, the severity of renal function, initial neurological status, hematoma volume, and uncontrolled blood pressure emerged as significant prognostic factors in ICH patients with CKD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.254-257
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• 1997

The blood components of not-young (young antler) were examined in the Red Deer. Blood samples were collected from the antler and jugular veins respectively. The hematological and serum chemical values were as follows; 1. RBC count of not-hyul (young antler blood) was significantly higher than that of jugular vein blood (p<0.05). However, fibrinogen concentration of rook hyul was significantly lower than that of jugular vein blood (p<0.01). WBC counts packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein fro) were not significant between nolo-hyul and jugular vein blood. 2. The concentration of phosphorous and magnesium of not-hyul were significantly higher than those of jugular vein blood (p<0.05). Albumin and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) of nolo-hyul were higher than those of jugular vein blood. But globulin and calcium concentration of not-hyul were lower than those of jugular vein blood. Blood urea nitrogen BUN) of rook-hyul was not significant when compared with that of jugular vein blood.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1974

Little work has been done on the changes in the blood picture occurring at different ages in cattle. In our country Kim (1963) and Jeong (1965) recorded the blood picture of mature Korean native cattle and, recently, Mun et al. (1974) has recorded the blood picture of Holstein cows. And a comprehensive survey of the blood picture of Korean native cattle has not been made. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency, and to suggest standards for the blood picture of Korean native cattle at frequent intervals from birth to maturity. The cattle were kept under average farming conditions in this country. Observations were made at the following ages: at birth; 1, 2 and 4 days; 1, 2 and 4 weeks; 2,4,6 and 9 months; 1, 2 and 3 years of age. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein. Erythrocyte enumerations, concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were made in usual manner. Erythrocyte counts increased from $8{\times}10^6/mm^3$ during the first week to a level of $10{\times}10^6/mm^3$ at 2 months of age, showing steady state untill 6 months of age; it then fell to adult level ($8{\times}10^6/mm^3$) at 9 months of age. Concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were closely related to the changes of erythrocyte counts. The values increased from 10 g/100 ml and 31~35 ml/100 ml during the early life to 11 g/100 ml and 38 ml/100 ml at 2 months of age, showing steady state untill 6 months of age; these then fell to adult level (10 g/100 ml and 31~34 ml/100 ml) at 9 months of age for concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values, respectively. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin showed a common pattern. The values were $42{\sim}43{\mu}m^3$ and 12.4 pg during the early life and fell a little to 6~9 months of age; these then increased to reach adult levels of $43{\mu}m^3$ and 12.6 pg for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was little affected with age.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1992

As people's income and intake of animal fat rapidly increase, so does choresterol concentration in blood. Thus diseases such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM)myocardial infraction, high blood pressure, cerebral stroke resulting from atherosclerosis rapidly increase recently. It is very difficult to diagnose atherosclerosis early since its progress is so slow and there is no sypmtoms in the beginning of the disease. In this study a mechanical characteristic, compliance, of the lower leg arteries was measured noninvasively. Changes of blood volume and pressure were measured using impedance plethysmgraphy and mercury sphygmomanometer, respectively. The compliance was calculated by dividing the change of blood volume by the change of pulse pressure ( systolic-diastolic pressure ) . Subjects were 24 asymptomatic persons ranging (rom 30 Ic 58yeras and 14 diabetics from 41 to 59years. The compliances, mean, and systolic pressures were statistically analyzed using a t-test be- tween the healthy and diabetic groups. The average compliance of the healthy and diabetic group was measured 2.79 and 1.82U1/mmHg/cm, respectively and these were significantly different(p<0.01). It was also found that the compliance is a better parameter in differentiating the vascular disease than mean or systolic blood pressure.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 2014

This paper examines the blood chamber of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) under static loading conditions and standard operating temperatures. The LVAD's walls are made of a temperature-sensitive polymer (ChronoFlex C 55D) and are covered with a titanium nitride (TiN) nano-coating (deposited by laser ablation) to improve their haemocompatibility. A loss of cohesion may be observed near the coating-substrate boundary. Therefore, a micro-scale stress-strain analysis of the multilayered blood chamber was conducted with FE (finite element) code. The multi-scale model included a macro-model of the LVAD's blood chamber and a micro-model of the TiN coating. The theories of non-linear elasticity and elasto-plasticity were applied. The formulated problems were solved with a finite element method. The micro-scale problem was solved for a representative volume element (RVE). This micro-model accounted for the residual stress, a material model of the TiN coating, the stress results under loading pressures, the thickness of the TiN coating and the wave parameters of the TiN surface. The numerical results (displacements and strains) were experimentally validated using digital image correlation (DIC) during static blood pressure deformations. The maximum strain and stress were determined at static pressure steps in a macro-scale FE simulation. The strain and stress were also computed at the same loading conditions in a micro-scale FE simulation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

This paper proposes a new algorithm for sleep apnea detection based on stroke volume. It is very important to detect sleep apnea since it is a common and serious sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In the previous studies, methods for sleep apnea detection using heart rate variability, airflow and blood oxygen saturation, tracheal sound have been proposed, but a method using stroke volume has not been studied. The proposed algorithm consists of detection of characteristic points in continuous blood pressure signal, estimation of stroke volume and detection of sleep apnea. To evaluate the performance of algorithm, the MIT-BIH Polysomnographic Database provided by Phsio- Net was used. As a result, the sensitivity of 85.99%, the specificity of 72.69%, and the accuracy of 84.34%, on the average were obtained. The proposed method showed comparable or higher performance compared with previous methods.