• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 1992

The treatment with gentamicin in the presence of pretreatment with bismuth nitrate significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen compared with given gentamicin alone. But the amelioration of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by bismuth nitrate was abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin that is cyclooxygenase inhibitor, which significantly decreased renal glutathione S-transferase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance compared with mice of given gentamicin and bismuth nitrate. On the other hand, treatment with bismuth nitrate significantly increased prostaglandin $E_2$ production in rat kidney slice. These results suggest that bismuth nitrate might ameliorate the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin via prostaglandin $E_2$ production.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2005

An aqueous extract of oriental herbal composition named Onchengyeum and curcumin, an antioxidant isolated from turmeric (Curcuma Zonga L.) reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCI_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Onchengyeum and curcumin relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCI_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Onchengyeum and curcumin possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2011

The present investigation evaluated the safety of the methanol extract from the fruit body of Phellinus pini Ames (PPA) by determining its potential toxicity after a subacute administration in rats. The extract was orally administered in doses of 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, and 4 g/kg daily for 14 days to rats. Body weight, biochemical, and hematological parameters were determined at the end of 14 days of daily administration. The no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of the extract were 4 g/kg, when given by gavage routes. Daily oral administration of PPA extract for up to 14 days did not result in the death of significant changes in the body weight, hematological, and mainly biological parameters. In biological analysis, some significant changes occurred, including triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indicating that the PPA extract has liver and kidney-modulating activity. The PPA extract was found to be low or non-toxic in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyry(QP) on clinical chemical parameters of serum in male white java sparrow by feeding the basal diet(Control group) containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days was studied. Body weight gain, feed intake, the weight of the gizzard and the heart were not significantly different in the both groups. However, the weights of kidney and liver in the QP group were higher than in the control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and albumin, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum was higher in the QP group than in the control group.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2004

$\beta$-Immunan was proteoglycan obtained from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum IY009. In this study, the protective effects of $\beta$-Immunan, against the CDDP induced in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo renal toxicity, was measured. Concentration dependent cytotoxicities of CDDP in normal kidney cells (Vero, TCMK-l) were reduced by $\beta$-Immunan treatment. Increased renal toxicity factors, such as elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, reduction of kidney weight and malonidialdehyde (MDA), by intraperitoneal administration of CDDP in rats was improved. These results indicated that $\beta$-Immunan have a protective effects against the CDDP induced renal toxicity, however, it needed to confirm the detailed mechanism for therapeutic effects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2015

Rhodiola rosea is a perennial plant which grows in the alpine regions of Europe and Asia. Although the protective effects of R. rosea extract from fatigue due to exercise stress have been reported, studies on fermented R. rosea extract remain insufficient to date. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the protective effects of fermented R. rosea extract against fatigue and exercise stress. As a result, fermented R. rosea extract was found to significantly increase swimming time, hepatic superoxide dismutase content, and serum lactate dehydrogenase in mice, while decreasing serum blood urea nitrogen content compared to R. rosea extract. Given the above results, it is considered that fermented R. rosea extract effectively protects against fatigue caused by strenuous exercise.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 1994

During the serial attempts to identify the chemical and biological characteristics of Ailanthi Cortex Radicis, the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae), we find out the serious toxic effect on kidney by chloroform fraction of the methanolic extract of the herb drug. The toxicities were revealed as the increase of urea nitrogen amount in blood and lactate dehydrogenase and ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ activities in urine and the decrease of the concentration of glutathione and both of protein bound and non-protein bound -SH in kidney tissue.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1986

Water extracts of 21 traditional Korean herbal drugs were prepared, and a dose range of 100 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg was administered orally into mice once a day for five days. Changes of serum enzyme activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase, body weight changes and histo pathological examination of various organs were investigated. Water extract of Ephedra Herba caused severe body weight loss at a dose of 100 mg/kg and death from a dose level of 200 mg/kg by oral administration. Angelica koreanae Radix and Anthrisci Radix showed a slight body weight loss and damages to liver and kidney.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1993

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(cisplatin) is one of the most effective antitumor agents currently available for cancer therapy. However, its clinical use has been limited by its severe side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. So, to evaluate the effects of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole(BHA) on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats, both compounds were given intraperitoneally. Remarkable protective effects of BHA against nephrotoxicity of cisplatin were observed when BHA was administered to rats 1hr after cisplatin injection. On the other hand pretreatment with BHA 1hr prior to cisplatin did not reduce weight loss, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Hepatotoxicity induced by combination treatment of cisplatin and BHA was evaluated by measuring serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamic oxalate transaminase. Combination treatment did not affect the levels of SGPT and sGOT except 1hr pretreatment. The present results indicate that BHA may provide protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity, when it is given 1hr after cisplatin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 1995

The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin (100 mg/kg, oral) in renal failure rabbits was studied. Renal failure rabbits were induced by the i.v. injection of folate (50,100 and 150 mg/kg). These produced significant increases of serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Plasma concentration and AUC of norfloxacin significantly increased. Elimination rate constant $(K_{el})$ of norfloxacin significantly decreased, and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ of norfloxacin significantly increased. Correlation between serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ and half-life $(t_{1/2})$ of norfloxacin, and correlation between BUN and AUC of norfloxacin have linear relationship respectively. These results suggest that adjustment or the dosage regimen of norfloxacin is desirable, and serum creatinine concentration $(S_{cr})$ as well as BUN can be used an index for adjusting the dosage regimen of norfloxacin in renal failure.