• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2022

Efficient use of limited blood products is becoming very important in terms of socioeconomic status and patient recovery. To predict the appropriateness of patient-specific transfusions for the intensive care unit (ICU) patients who require real-time monitoring, we evaluated a model to predict the possibility of transfusion dynamically by using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III), an ICU admission record at Harvard Medical School. In this study, we developed an explainable machine learning to predict the possibility of red blood cell transfusion for major medical diseases in the ICU. Target disease groups that received packed red blood cell transfusions at high frequency were selected and 16,222 patients were finally extracted. The prediction model achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.9070 and an F1-score of 0.8166 (LightGBM). To explain the performance of the machine learning model, feature importance analysis and a partial dependence plot were used. The results of our study can be used as basic data for recommendations related to the adequacy of blood transfusions and are expected to ultimately contribute to the recovery of patients and prevention of excessive consumption of blood products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 2003

Umbilical cord blood (UCB), a rich source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, has been proposed as an alternative to bone marrow and peripheral blood for transplantation treatment. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood stem cells could make the use of cord blood transplant feasible even for adult patients. However, the optimal cytokine cocktail for expansion of stem cells is yet to be established. This study compares proliferation, apoptosis, and telomerase activities in human cord blood stem cells cultured ex vivo with FLT3 ligand (FL)/thrombopoietin (TPO) or FL/TPO/stem cell factor (SCF), with a view to determine optimal combination of cytokines. CD34+ cells were cultured in DMEM containing either FL (50 ng/ml) and TPO (10 ng/ml) (FT group) or FL (50 ng/ml), TPO (10 ng/ml) and SCF (50 ng/ml) (FTS group). The cell proliferation rate was ten times higher in the FTS group. Although cells cultured with the two different combinations of cytokines were maintained for a long term (up to 8 weeks), a large number of cells underwent differentiation during this period. Cells cultured in FTS displayed lower levels of apoptosis compared to those of the FT group during the Initial 7 days of culture. The CD34+ fraction in both groups was markedly decreased to $21-30\%$ , and only $5-6\%$ was detected at 14 days of culture. Telomerase activity detected in human CD34+ cord blood at low levels was upregulated during the early phase of culture and decreased to baseline levels in the later phase. The telomerase activity of cord blood cultured in FT was lower than that of the FTS group. Our results suggest that, on adding stem cell factors to the FT cytokines, cultured CD34+ cord blood cells display a greater degree of cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. However, during CD34+ cord blood cell culture, a Barge number of cells undergo differentiation, indicating that more potent novel cytokines or new culture conditioning methods should be developed to maintain their ability to engraft and sustain long-term hematopoiesis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1969

The double tracer study on erythrokinetics was carried out experimentally with radioactive iron ($^{59}Fe$) and chromium ($^{51}Cr$) in rabbits. The 0.1% canthalidin solution and 1% pot. perchlomate solution was given subcutaneously to 20 rabbits respectively. 3 and 6 days after injection, the blood chemistry, urine examination, ferrokinetics and apparent half survival time of RBC were ($^{51}Cr\;T\frac{1}{2}$)determined. Following were the results: 1) Red blood cell hematocrit and hemoglobin values were moderately reduced and B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were slight]y inercased in the canthalidin group, while B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were within normal limits in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte values were slight]y increased in the canthalidin group, while was normal range in the pot. perchlomate group. 2) Blood chemistry finding was not significant statistically in both experimental groups, but serum iron value was moderately reduced in both group. 3) Plasma volume was unchanged in both group, but red cell volume and whole blood volume were slightly reduced in both groups. 4) Results of ferrokinetics were as follows: i) The plasma iron disappearance rate was delayed in both groups. Plasma iron turnover rate, red cell iron utilization and red cell iron turnover rate were decreased in both groups, and then red cell iron turnover rate was more decreased than plasma iron turnover rate in both groups. Circulating red cell iron was slight]y increased in canthalidin group and red cell iron concentration was within normal range in both groups. ii) P.I.T.R.-R.C.I.T. value was moderately increased in the canthalidin group and slightly increased in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte index, red cell iron turnover index, plasma iron turnover index and effective erythropoiesis index were whole]y reduced in both groups. iii) The red cell life span was slightly shortened in the canthalidin group while was within normal range in pot. perchlomate group. The pathologic finding of renal biopsy of the canthalidin group shows a selective damage in glomerulus, while shows almost normal range or slight damage in tubules. And that of the pot. perchlomate group shows a selective damage in tubules with slight damage of glomerulus.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1967

The effects of X-ray irradiation and the thyroid gland on the erythropoietic system were studied in the white male rabbits. The total body irradiation was done in doses of 250 r and 500 r to each of 5 rabbits for 10days. The factors were 220KV, 10mA, FLI/4 Cu+1 mmAI(HVL:2.0 mm Cu) 50 cm F.S.D. The thyroid dysfunction was experimentally induced, by giving 2mg of thyroid tablets per kg body weight for 15 days in 5 rabbits for hyperthyroidism and by giving 1.5 mC of $^{131}I$ per kg body weight in another 5 rabbits for hypothyroidism. Fourteen healthy rabbits were used as control. The hematologic changes and ferrokinetic data obtained from $^{59}Fe$ and apparent half survival of the red blood cells obtained from $^{51}Cr$ were compared. Following were the results: A. X-ray irradiated group; 1. There were no significant changes in hematologic findings except for leucopenia. A slight decrease of red blood cells was observed in 500 r irradiated animals. 2. The decreases in the iron turnover rates of the plasma and red blood cells as well as in the red cell renewal rate were found in both groups. A :significant decrease of the red cell iron utilization rate was observed in the 500 r irradiated animals. 3. The apparent half survival times of the red blood cells were slightly, in the 250 r ($12.1{\pm}0.80$ days), and markedly shortened in the 500 r irradiated animals ($9.8{\pm}1.38$ days), the normal being $14.0{\pm}1.6$ days. 4. It appears, therefore, that the anemia caused by X-ray irradiation is due to the inhibition of hemopoietic function and the excess destruction of the red blood cells. B. Thyroid dysfunction group; 1. The slight increases of the red blood cell count and circulating blood volume with the normal serum iron level were observed in the hyperthyroid group, while the decreases of the red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit values with a marked decrease of the serum iron level in the hypothyroid group. 2. A marked decrease of the plasma iron disappearance rate with increases of plasma iron turnover, red cell iron utilization and red cell iron turnover were observed in the hyperthyroid group, while the marked delay and decreases in the hypothyroid group. 3. The apparent half survival times of the red blood cells were almost the same with the control in the hyperthyroid group, ($14.0{\pm}1.58$ while a marked shortening in the hypothyroid group $10.6{\pm}0.30$. 4. It was reconfirmed that the thyroid hormones bear a close relationship with the erythropoietic system, namely, the latter is stimulated by the former. The lack of the thyroid hormones thus induces the bone marrow depression leading to anemia the major cause of which, therefore, is not hemolysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2000

Background : The moot important prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer is the TNM stage. Even after complete resection in early non-small cell lung cancer, the five-year survival rate is still low. However, new prognostic factors, including molecular biologic factors, have recently been found to guide the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We evaluated the prognostic value of the loss of blood-group antigen A in tumor tissue, which has been implicated as an important prognostic factor for overall survival and the timing of the disease progression. Methods : The loss of blood-group antigen A was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 26 patients with blood types A or AB, who had undergone curative surgery. Monoclonal antibody was used to detect the blood group antigen A expression. Results : Fifteen patients (58%) expressed antigen A in their tumor tissue, whereas 11 patients (42%) did not show antigen A. The median survival time of the blood A antigen positive group was 11 months, while the median survival time of the blood A antigen negative group was 18 months. The difference in survival between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion : The loss of blood-group antigen A in tumor tissue was not found to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This study needs to be extended for further evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 1998

The hemopoietic effects of deer blood (whole blood, blood cell, plasma, respectively) were examined using in vivo rat model. Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rat, male, 200 g) were divided into negative control group (injection of saline), positive control group (injection of Sipjeondaebotang) experimental groups (injection of whole blood, blood cell, plasma) and healthy control group. Cyclophosphamide(150mg/kg) was injected into experimental groups, negative and positive control group to induce bone marrow supression. After 8 days, freez dried deer blood (whole blood, blood cell, plasma respectively) and Sipjeondaebotang of 200 mg/kg in dose was administered orally into experimental groups and positive control group, once a day for 3 days (A group) and once a day for 12 days (B group) respectively. And then body weight and organ weight, biochemical profile (ALB, GOT, GPT, PRO, CRE), hematological values (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT) and CBC differentiation (Neutro, Lymph, Mono, Reticulo) were carried out. Finally, platelets were specially increased in the plasma treated A group and reticulocytes were specially increased in the plasma treated B group.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

Sodium arsenate and Yeonlyeonggobon-dan (nianlinggubendan) extract (YGD), a herbal restorative were treated p.o. 20 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, and concurrently to rats, and examined the biochemical parameters in blood. The values of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) in each group did not show significant variance. The value of aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) of arsenic-treated group was increased for 2 weeks significantly while that of the group of concurrent administration with YGD became low significantly compared with arsenic-treated group and the value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of arsenic-treated group was decreased while that of the group of concurrent administration with YGD was increased significantly compared with arsenic-treated group. In arsenic-treated groups, the value of glucose (Glu), and those of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) were decreased at first but increased later while the groups of concurrent administration with YGD showed significant recovery from the toxicity of arsenic.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2015

The Drosophila lymph gland is the hematopoietic organ in which stem-like progenitors proliferate and give rise to myeloid-type blood cells. Mechanisms involved in Drosophila hematopoiesis are well established and known to be conserved in the vertebrate system. Recent studies in Drosophila lymph gland have provided novel insights into how external and internal stresses integrate into blood progenitor maintenance mechanisms and the control of blood cell fate decision. In this review, I will introduce a developmental overview of the Drosophila hematopoietic system, and recent understandings of how the system uses developmental signals not only for hematopoiesis but also as sensors for stress and environmental changes to elicit necessary blood responses. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 223-228]

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.308-314
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• 1987

In cardiovascular disease the flow adaptation of erythrocytes can be affected by reduced shear stresses and metabolic influences on red cell fluidity as a consequence of tissue hypoxia. In addition there are indications that risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are able to decrease the intrinsic red cell deformability. Erythrocyte deformability was studied by the filtration technique of Reid et al. to investigate the relationship between blood pressure chances and erythrocyte deformability. In this experiment normotensive rats, spontaneously and DOCA-salt treated hypertensive rats were used. Erythrocyte deformability was significantly reduced by blood pressure elevation in hypertensive rats but was not fully recovered by normalization of blood pressure after antihypertensive drug treatment. Therefore other factors than blood pressure may be involved in erythrocyte deformability reduction during blood pressure elevation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.314-318
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of complete blood cell count (CBC) of blood samples collected from the jugular vein, cephalic vein and lateral saphenous vein and to find out if there were clinically significant differences. Total of 40 dogs were tested. CBC tests were conducted with blood samples obtained from the jugular vein, cephalic vein and lateral saphenous vein and manual differential count was performed to accurately distinguish the white blood cell (WBC) types. The results were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and posthoc test was conducted using the least significant difference method. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the total WBC and monocyte count. The post-hoc test of total WBC counts revealed a significant difference between the jugular vein and cephalic vein, and the jugular vein and lateral saphenous vein. For monocyte counts, a significant difference was observed between the jugular vein and lateral saphenous vein.