• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1264-1270
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• 2018

Blockchain is a technology that directly connects each node to P2P method, except for the central server. A public blockchain is one of the blockchain types, anyone can participate without any restriction. If some node find nonce, which node can broadcasted data to all nodes. At this time, if a node that finds a nonce hides malicious code in the block, all nodes participating in the chain may be infected with malicious code due to the characteristics of the decentralization system of the blockchain. In this paper, to solve the problem that hackers can participate as an any node, we propose that a user with malicious intent can not participate as a node through a firewall with AI technology. This will improve the reliability of the propagated data over existing data.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.441-449
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• 2015

Flavonoids are plant pigments that have been demonstrated to exert various pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the molecular mechanisms in terms of exact target proteins of flavonoids are not fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of scutellarein (SCT), a flavonoid isolated from Erigeron breviscapus, Clerodendrum phlomidis and Oroxylum indicum Vent that have been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases in China and Brazil. For this purpose, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nuclear fractionation, immunoblot analysis, a kinase assay, and an overexpression strategy were employed. Scutellarein significantly inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, SCT also dampened nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$-driven expression of a luciferase reporter gene upon transfection of a TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-${\beta}$ (TRIF) construct into Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells; similarly, NF-${\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation was inhibited by SCT. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of various upstream signaling enzymes involved in NF-${\kappa}B$ activation were decreased by SCT treatment in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, SCT strongly inhibited Src kinase activity and also inhibited the autophosphorylation of overexpressed Src. Therefore, our data suggest that SCT can block the inflammatory response by directly inhibiting Src kinase activity linked to NF-${\kappa}B$ activation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.18-27
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• 2019

Through the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, agricultural machinery is becoming increasingly intelligent, and the machine is replacing the role of farmer manpower as a whole. However, safety accidents caused by careless use of agricultural machines and theft accidents due to the difficulty of keeping them are increasing every year. Because agricultural machines do not manage the history of events and accidents unlike automobiles, they are often used for crime. There is also no way to cope with the issues if there happens issues on agricultural machines. In this paper, we propose the system based on block chain which can manage the history of the agricultural machinery by registering the chassis number at the same time when purchasing the agricultural machinery. Since this system contains the history of accident and repair information about the owner's agricultural machinery, it is possible to trace back even if a theft occurs. The proposed system also allows buyers to secure transactions by providing reliable data through inquiry of this system when trading in the secondary market in the future.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

At the core of future medicine is the realization of Precision Medicine centered on individuals. For this, we need to have an open ecosystem that can view, manage and distribute healthcare data anytime, anywhere. However, since healthcare data deals with sensitive personal information, a significant level of reliability and security are required at the same time. In order to solve this problem, the healthcare industry is paying attention to the blockchain technology. Unlike the existing information communication infrastructure, which stores and manages transaction information in a central server, the block chain technology is a distributed operating network in which a data is distributed and managed by all users participating in the network. In this study, we not only discuss the technical and legal aspects necessary for demonstration of healthcare data distribution using blockchain technology but also introduce KOREN SDI Network-based Healthcare Big Data Distribution Demonstration Study. In addition, we discuss policy strategies for activating blockchain technology in healthcare.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.210-222
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• 2020

Hydrogen is evaluated as one of new energy sources that can overcome the limitations and pollution problems of conventional fossil fuels. Although hydrogen is free from CO₂, attention is required in NOx emission and flame stability in order to use hydrogen in existing gas fuel system. This study investigates the differences in operating characteristics and its problems to be modified when the hydrogen is used as fuel for existing domestic boilers and new heat recover boilers with water spray. When the hydrogen is used in domestic boilers, the efficiency is about 6-7% lower than methane due to higher partial vapor pressure in the exhaust gas at usual operating conditions above 60℃ in combustion chamber outlet temperature. On the other hand, the heat recovery boiler with water spray (HR-B/WS-X) is expected to achieve up to 95% efficiency, which is 12% more efficient than conventional boilers. It can also significantly reduce NOx emission by lowering the flame temperature.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Objectives: Quercetin, a flavonoid compound, has been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but its anti-inflammatory effects, which are also closely linked with apoptosis, if any, on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not so far been critically examined. In this study, we tried to determine if quercetin had any demonstrable anti-inflammatory potential, which also could significantly contribute to inducing apoptosis in a NSCLC cell line, A549. Methods: In this context, several assays, including cytotoxicity, flow cytometry and fluorimetry, were done. Gene expression was analyzed by using a western blot analysis. Results: Results revealed that quercetin could induce apoptosis in A549 cells through mitochondrial depolarization by causing an imbalance in B-cell lymphoma 2/Bcl2 Antagonist X (Bcl2/Bax) ratio and by down-regulating the interleukine-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway. An analysis of the data revealed that quercetin could block nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$) activity at early hours, which might cause a down-regulation of the IL-6 titer, and the IL-6 expression, in turn, could inhibit p-STAT3 expression. Down-regulation of both the STAT3 and the NF-${\kappa}B$ expressions might, therefore, cause down-regulation of Bcl2 activity because both are major upstream effectors of Bcl2. Alteration in Bcl2 responses might result in an imbalance in the Bcl2/Bax ratio, which could ultimately bring about mitochondria mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. Conclusion: Overall, the finding of this study indicates that a quercetin induced anti-inflammatory pathway in A549 cells appeared to make a significant contribution towards induction of apoptosis in NSCLC and, thus, may have a therapeutic use such as a strong apoptosis inducer in cancer cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.571-572
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• 2017

The blockchain technology that implements electronic money uses decentralized computing and all transactions in a blockchain are open to everyone. This technique seems to guarantee anonymity by performing the transaction on the address instead of the user, but by using direction acyclic graph based on the transaction graph, the privacy problem is caused by tracking the addresses. In this paper, we analyze various techniques for centralized processing which makes it difficult to find the relevance on the graph in order to protect the privacy in the block chain technology. We also analyze the techniques of anonymizing in a distributed way to enhance privacy. Using the zero knowledge proof scheme guarantees full distributed anonymity but requires more computation and storage space, and various techniques to make this efficient are proposed. In this paper, we propose a privacy protection scheme of blockchain technology to integrate existing privacy protection techniques into a blockchain technology and perform it more efficiently with a centralized or decentralized technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1864-1872
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (E. stolonifera) extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Methods: One cannulated Holstein cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming timothy hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) at 2% of body weight with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiment, with timothy hay as substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with E. stolonifera extract added to achieve final concentration 1%, 3%, and 5% on timothy hay basis. Results: Administration of E. stolonifera extract to a ruminant fluid-artificial saliva mixture in vitro increased the total gas production. Unexpectedly, E. stolonifera extracts appeared to increase both methane emissions and hydrogen production, which is contrasts with previous observations with brown algae extracts used under in vitro fermentation conditions. Interestingly, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that as compared with the untreated control the ciliate-associated methanogen and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations decreased, whereas the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population increased as a result of E. stolonifera extract supplementation. Conclusion: E. stolonifera showed no detrimental effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population. Through these results E. stolonifera has potential as a viable feed supplement to ruminants.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.132-144
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• 2021

Along with the rise in the value of cryptocurrency, the interest of the blockchain is very high. However, most people do not understand cryptocurrency and blockchain very well. In addition, due to this lack of understanding of the technology, ideas about how blockchain technology can be applied in the food industry may not come up. Therefore, this content describes the advantages of blockchain technology in terms of security, starting with the understanding and operation method of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, and briefly describes the development of a blockchain system. And simple examples of how this blockchain technology can be applied to other industries are summarized, and examples used in the food industry are summarized. Finally, it was insisted that using such a blockchain technology can provide safe food to consumers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

To prepare for and implement policies for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is characterized by convergence, super-connectivity, and AI, this study summarized the effects and characteristics of individual technologies on our society and discussed the issues with humanity and social science perspectives. As a result, in terms of AI technology, the issues of job losses, project-type works, basic income and robot taxes, accountability of AI, and algorithm inequality were dealt with. Security, cyber hacking and privacy infringement issues were highlighted in big-data technology. In the part of block-chain and bioengineering, the society of decentralization, the concentration, digital divide, and ethical issues were discussed. On-demand economic aspects highlighted the problems of civil ethics and human commercialization. Lastly, the development of VR is discussed including side effects such as cyber-syndrom, avoidance of reality, and so on.