• 교육시설
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to clarify the block type of school buildings based on present conditions, by picking up elementary school buildings of Chungbuk Province in Korea. The summary of the block types can be given below. 1) Elementary school buildings(495) in Chungbuk Province are almost built in an average block of 1.7school(290). 2) The block types of school buildings are classified with "-", "ㄱ", "ㄷ", and parallel type. There are many "-" types over and parallel types in the second place of them. 3) The "-" block types are uniformly distributed with 166 elementary schools, below 6 classroom, 7through 24classrooms, beyond 25 classrooms. The "ㄱ" block types are 8 schools, and built as the wing of "-" block type in a limited space. The parallel types are classified with 2 3 lines according to the numbers of paralleled school buildings. The 2 parallel types are firstly represented with more than 95 classrooms, and 5 schools of "ㄷ" types, built as the wing of 2 parallel types, are only represented over 25 classrooms. The 3 parallel types are only 16 schools of all. They are uniformly seen in old and new school buildings.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2007

This research analyzes students' response types in the creativity assessment by using pattern block, geoboard, and pantomino. 74 students from third grade to sixth grade participated in this research. 15 minutes were given to pattern block and geoboard questions. 74 students showed 393 answers in pattern block question and 590 answers in geoboard question. In pantomino, 20 minutes were given and 54 students showed 443 types of answers. The results are as follows: First, in the students' responses, tendency of using particular piece or figure, which presents conjoining in a piece selection and positioning, showed strongly. For example, usage of hexagon and trapezoid pieces were higer in pattern block and usage of L, P, and I pieces were higer in pentomino. Second, it is confirmed that creativity's subordinate factors, fluency, flexibility, and originality, are separate from each other. To illustrate, in pattern block, three students', who showed 11 types of responses in fluency, flexibility responses were each 5, 6, and 8 types. Specially, among those studenys, only one could achieve a point in originality. Third, students' response types categorized in this research could be used for a bae-data to mark grades on originality.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

This paper aims to investigate the design characteristics of a single housing block which is increasing in urban areas. For the analysis, all cases of single block housing in Daejeon metropolitan city were gathered into a database. Main concerns were on the location and the physical characteristics. The results of this study were as follows; 1) single block housing has been increasing both in the new developed areas and the existing urban areas 2) their location has shifted from residential districts to semi-residential and commercial districts. For this reason, the size and density has been increasing 3) the slab block with the hall type and the exterior corridor type were general in residential districts, diverse ones, however, including the point tower type were increasing with unusual circulation types such as central corridor, central core, double corridor, and mixed type in semi-residential and commercial districts 4) there were 5 types of access systems, and especially the street access and the piloti access were increasing, which were related with the high density.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to understand the trends of urban housing in the age of modernization in Western cities since 1970's, and to provide the useful data for diversifying urban housing types in Korea. Although the housing types can be categorized in many ways according to the points of view, this study classifies 11 types by a criterion of urban composition elements. Among 11 urban housing types, one type, free-standing slab structure, has been mainly applied to Korean situation. The reason might be that the free-standing structure type is the most efficient one in terms of land use and block organization, but it results in a monotonic condition of urban housing blocks. Therefore, taking local characteristics and urban contexts in Korea into consideration, the future urban housing design should be developed in different ways of making local life styles possible in them, by adopting various types of Western urban housing precedents.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권3_4호
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• pp.531-543
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• 2022

The article proposed a new type of data relationship: Positive Boolean dependencies by groups on block and slice in the database model of block form, where instead of considering value pairs, we consider a group of p values (p ≥ 2). From this new concept, the article stated and demonstrated the equivalence of the three types of deduction, namely: deduction by logic, deduction by block with groups, deduction by block has no more than p elements with groups. Operations on blocks or slices performed for index attributes on blocks, the properties related to this new concept as theorem the equivalen of the three types of deduction, closure of set positive Boolean dependencies by groups and representation and tight representation set of positive Boolean dependencies by groups when the block degenerated into relation are true in the relational database model and also stated and proven in this paper.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

DC 및 LC에 대하여 증명 가능한 안전성을 제공하는 2-블록 구조를 라운드 함수의 위치에 따라 서 C(Center)-형 R(Right)형 L(Left)-형으로 구분하고 각각에 대한 고차 차분 공격 측면의 안전성을 분 석한다. 4라운드 암호화 함수인 경우 세가지 2-블록 구조는 고차 차분 공격에 대하여 동일 한 안전성을 제공한다는 사실을 증명하며 5라운드 이상의 암호화 함수에 대해서는 병렬 연산이 가능한 R-형 구조가 C-형과 l-형에 비해서 계산 효율성은 높지만 고차 차분 공격 측면의 안전성은 떨어진다는 사실을 밝힌 다. We study on the security for the block ciphers with 20block structure which have provable security against DC and LC on the view point of higher order DC, 2-block structures are classified three types according to the location of round function such as C(Center)-type R(Right)-type and L(Left)-type We prove that in the case of 4 rounds encryption function these three types provide the equal strength against higher order DC and that in the case of 5 or more rounds R-type is weaker than C-type and L-type.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1997

Background : There are several treatment of trigeminal neuralgia including Gasserian Ganglion Block. This paper retrospectively analyze the efficacy of Gasserian Ganglion Block as main treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Methods : We studied 55 patients for followings; sex, age, duration from onset to visit, consulted mediator, causes, characteristics of pain, affected area, types of block, kinds and volume of used neurolytic agents, duration from first block to repeat block, types of repeat block, complications, if surgery was necessary after block. Results : Characteristic items of trigeminal neuralgia are similar with other studies. Mean duration of pain relief was 23 months. The duration was shortened in the repeat block. There were no significant complication. Conclusion : Considering Gasserian Ganglion Block as main treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is an effective and safe method. Therefore we would like to recommend the need to increase public awareness of trigeminal neuralgia and its possible treatment in pain clinics through mass commanication.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.112-115
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC 베이스라인 프로파일 가운데서 병목현상을 일으키는 주요한 부분인 인터 예측의 효율적인 하드웨어 구조에 관한 설계에 대해 기술한다. H.264/AVC 디코더는 $16{\times}16$, $16{\times}8$, $8{\times}16$, $8{\times}8$, $8{\times}4$, $4{\times}8$, $4{\times}4$ 등 다양한 블록 모드를 지원하는데 레퍼런스 소프트웨어(JM)에서는 중복 픽셀에 대해 제거 하지 않고 항상 $4{\times}4$ 블록에 대한 $9{\times}9$ 참조 블록을 패취하게 된다. 기존에 이미 설계된 디자인에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 $8{\times}8$ 블록 모드와 $4{\times}4$ 블록 모드를 고려하여 설계하였다. 블록 모드가 $8{\times}8$ 사이즈보다 크거나 같을 경우 여러 개의 $8{\times}8$ 블록으로 나뉘어서 그에 대한 $13{\times}13$ 레퍼런스 블록을 패취하고 $8{\times}8$ 블록 보다 작을 경우 여러 개의 $4{\times}4$ 블록으로 나뉘어서 그에 대한 $9{\times}9$ 레퍼런스 블록을 패취하는 방법을 사용하여 중복픽셀을 제거 하여 패취 사이클을 줄였다. 본 논문에서는 더 큰 성능 향상을 위하여 $8{\times}8$과 $4{\times}4$ 블록 모드뿐만이 아닌 다양한 블록 모드에 대한 레퍼런스 블록 패취를 진행하여 더 많은 중복픽셀을 제거 하였고 메모리 패취 사이클을 줄여 최대 18.6%의 참조 블록 패취 사이클 감소를 가져 왔다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.110-125
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• 2007

Various different types of yard cranes are used in container terminals. Examples are rubber tired gantry cranes,rail mounted gantry cranes, overhead bridge cranes, dual rail-mounted gantry cranes, and automated stacking cranes. The kinematics and handling characteristics of these yard cranes are different from each other. Ttiis study analyses charactehstics of generic types of yard cranes which represent various yard cranes m practice Demg used in several types of block layouts, Considering specifications of yard cranes and block layouts, expected cycle times and variances of the cycle time are estimated for different handling activities.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.705-720
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• 2001

We propose a variant of parallel block incomplete factorization preconditioners for a symmetric block-tridiagonal H-matrix. Theoretical properties of these block preconditioners are compared with those of block incomplete factoriztion preconditioners for the corresponding somparison matrix. Numerical results of the preconditioned CG(PCG) method using these block preconditioners are compared with those of PCG using other types of block incomplete factorization preconditioners. Lastly, parallel computations of the block incomplete factorization preconditioners are carried out on the Cray C90.