• KNOM Review
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

비트코인은 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 달러, 원화, 유로, 엔화 등 세계적인 종이 화폐와 달리 은행과 금융기관 등과 같은 중앙 집중 기관에 의존하지 않는 암호화폐이다. 비트코인 네트워크에서는 채굴(mining) 작업으로 거래 내역이 담긴 블록을 생성하고, 블록이 생성되었다는 메시지를 모든 참여 노드에게 브로드캐스팅(broadcasting) 방식으로 전파하여 검증을 통해 신뢰성을 확보한다. 이와 같이 비트코인 네트워크에서 채굴과 블록 전파는 P2P 네트워크의 성능에 크게 영향을 받는다. 채굴의 경우 네트워크 내에서 먼저 채굴을 진행하고, 더 빠르게 채굴에 대한 증명을 전파하는지에 따라 보상을 받는 노드가 달라진다. 본 논문에서는 비트코인 네트워크에서 수행되는 기존의 이웃 연결 방식과 블록 전파 방식에 대한 문제점을 지역적인 특성과 RTT(Round-To-Trip) 값 측정을 적용하여 블록 전파 속도향상을 위한 개선 알고리즘을 제시한다. 실험을 통해 개선 알고리즘과 기존 알고리즘의 성능 비교하여 전반적인 블록 전파 시간이 감소한 것을 검증한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.699-717
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• 2020

Propagation time on permissionless blockchain plays a significant role in terms of stability and performance in the decentralized systems. A large number of activities are disseminated to the whole nodes in the decentralized peer-to-peer network, thus causing propagation delay. The stability of the system is our concern in the first place. The propagation delay opens up opportunities for attackers to apply their protocol. Either by accelerating or decelerating the propagation time directly without proper calculation, it brings numerous negative impacts to the entire blockchain system. In this paper, we thoroughly review and elaborate on several parameters related to the propagation time in such a system. We describe our findings in terms of data communication, transaction propagation, and the possibility of an interference attack that caused an extra propagation time. Furthermore, we present the influence of block size, consensus, and blockchain scalability, including the relation of parameters. In the last session, we remark several points associated with the propagation time and use cases to avoid dilemmas in the light of the experiments and literary works.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

수중 음향네트워크에서 노드의 위치와 이동속도에 따라 변화하는 전파지연 시간을 추정하여 시간 블록이라는 새로운 슬럿 단위로 노드들의 전송 스케줄을 설정하는 Block-Time-Bounded Time Division Multiple Access (BTB-TDMA) 매체접속제어 방식이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 노드의 이동으로 인해 상향(uplink)과 하향(downlink)의 전파지연이 비대칭적이 되고, 이에 따른 수신 충돌이 BTB-TDMA의 성능에 미치는 영향을 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석한다. 이를 위해 전파지연 비대칭성으로 인한 수신 충돌률, 채널접속지연, 채널효율을 수학적으로 모델링하고, 수중노드의 수, 네트워크 범위, 수중노드의 이동 속도에 따라 BTB-TDMA 시간 블록의 길이를 변화시켜 광범위한 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 시뮬레이션 결과의 분석을 통해, 네트워크 환경에 따라 수신 충돌을 최소화 하면서, 채널 접속지연과 채널효율 성능을 최대화할 수 있는 시간 블록 값을 도출할 수 있는 성능지표를 제시한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.560-567
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• 1998

This paper concerned about a imputed color printed material image in camera to decrease noise and distortion by processing median filtering with input image to identical condition. Also this paper proposed the way of compares a normal printed material with an abnormal printed material color tone with trained a learning of the error back-propagation to block classification by extracting five place from identical block(3${\times}$3) of color printed material R, G, B value. As a representative algorithm of multi-layer perceptron the error Back-propagation technique used to solve complex problems. However, the Error Back-propagation is algorithm which basically used a gradient descent method which can be converged to local minimum and the Back Propagation train include problems, and that may converge in a local minimum rather than get a global minimum. The network structure appropriate for a given problem. In this paper, a good result is obtained by improve initial condition and adjust th number of hidden layer to solve the problem of real time process, learning and train.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.32-38
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• 1999

Fatigue crack propagation behavior for block load in high strength aluminum alloys was investigated in this study. The materials used in this study are aluminum alloy 5052-H32. Initial crack was made by applying cyclic load to a through crack with chevron notch. Crack length was measured from calibration curve, which was plotted by known crack length and resistance of standard specimens. Load was obtained from linear regression formula. Unloading elastic compliance method was applied to check the crack closure and cracked area. The present study results can be usefully applied to predicting the change of crack propagation rate, the crack closure, and the delay of crack propagation.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2011

Energy consumption is a key issue in body sensor networks (BSNs) since energy-constrained sensors monitor the vital signs of human beings in healthcare applications. In this paper, packet size optimization for BSNs has been analyzed to improve the efficiency of energy consumption. Existing studies on packet size optimization in wireless sensor networks cannot be applied to BSNs because the different operational characteristics of nodes and the channel effects of in-body and on-body propagation cannot be captured. In this paper, automatic repeat request (ARQ), forward error correction (FEC) block codes, and FEC convolutional codes have been analyzed regarding their energy efficiency. The hop-length extension technique has been applied to improve this metric with FEC block codes. The theoretical analysis and the numerical evaluations reveal that exploiting FEC schemes improves the energy efficiency, increases the optimal payload packet size, and extends the hop length for all scenarios for in-body and on-body propagation.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제9B권5호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2002

인터넷을 통해 동영상을 전송할 때, 네트워크의 상태에 따라 패킷 손실이 발생할 수 있다. 패킷 손실이 발생하면 해당 프레임 뿐 아니라, 그 프레임을 참조하는 다른 프레임의 화질에도 영향을 미치는 오류전파가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 전송 중 패킷 손실로 인한 오류전파를 최소화하기 위한 부호화 기법인 AMV(Auxiliary Motion Vector)를 제안한다. AMV 기법에서 부호기는 한 개의 매크로블록을 압축하기 위해 여러 프레임과의 움직임 예측을 수행한 후, 상위 두 개의 매칭블록을 선택한다. 두 블록 중 압축 대상 매크로블록과 더 유사한 블록을 움직임 보상에 이용하며 이 블록을 참조블록 또는 기본블록이라 한다. 나머지 블록을 보조블록이라 하며 참조블록이 손실된 경우 복호기가 참조블록의 대체용으로 이용한다. 보조블록의 정보는 압축된 매크로블록의 헤더에 블록의 모션벡터와 프레임 번호를 삽입함으로써 전송된다. 이 기법은 다른 기법에 비해 압축에 이용되는 참조블록의 수를 최소화하고 보조블록을 이용하여 오류를 요구함으로써 오류전파가 발생하는 범위와 그 강도를 줄이는 장점이 있다. 제안된 기법의 코덱을 구현하기 위해 H.263 표준 소스를 수정하였으며, 다양한 패킷 손실율의 트레이스를 생성하기 위해 시뮬레이션 툴인 NS-2를 이용하였다. 실험 결과 제안된 기법은 전체적으로 H.253 표준에 비하여 높은 성능을 나타냈으며 특히 화면의 변화가 적은 경우 패킷 손실율이 높을수록, 변화가 심한 경우 패킷 손실율이 낮을수록 높은 성능을 나타내었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2015

Digital simulation has recently become the preferred method for designing complex and dynamic systems. Simulation packages provide interactive, block-diagram environment for modeling and simulating dynamic models. The block diagrams in simulation models are flowcharts which describe the components of dynamic systems and their interaction. This paper is the first part of the study for determining the seismic behavior of soil systems. The aim of this part is to present the constructed block diagrams for discrete-time analysis of seismic site amplification in layered media for vertically propagating shear waves. Detailed block diagrams are constructed for single and multiple soil layers by considering wave propagation with and without damping, respectively. The block diagrams for recursive filter to model attenuation in discrete-time form are also constructed. Finite difference method is used for strain calculation. The block diagrams are developed by utilizing Simulink which is a software add-on to Matlab.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권11C호
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• pp.907-910
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• 2010

This paper presents the design of block lengths for irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on the maximum variable degree $d_{{\upsilon},max}$. To design a block length, the performance degradation of belief-propagation (BP) decoding performance from upper bounds on the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance is used as an important factor. Since for large block lengths, the performance of irregular LDPC codes is very close to the Shannon limit, we focus on moderate block lengths ($5{\times}10^2\;{\leq}\;N\;{\leq}\;4{\times}10^3$). Given degree distributions, the purpose of our paper is to find proper block lengths based on the maximum variable degree $d_{{\upsilon},max}$. We also present some simulation results which show how a block length can be optimized.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify whether droplet-induced propagation, the main route of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, can occur in semiconductor FAB (Fabrication), based on research results on general droplet propagation. Methods: Through data surveys droplet propagation was modeled through simulation and experimental case analysis according to general (without mask) and mask-wearing conditions, and the risk of droplet propagation was inferred by reflecting semiconductor FAB operation conditions (air current, air conditioning system, humidity, filter conditions). Results: Based on the results investigated to predict the possibility of spreading infectious diseases in semiconductor FAB, the total amount of droplet propagation (concentration), propagation distance, and virus life in FAB were inferred by reflecting the management parameter of semiconductor FAB. Conclusions: The total amount(concentration) of droplet propagation in the semiconductor fab is most affected by the presence or absence of wearing a mask and the line air dilution rate has some influence. when worn it spreads within 0.35~1m, and since the humidity is constant the virus can survive in the air for up to 3 hours. as a result the semiconductor fab is judged to be and effective space to block virus propagation due to the special environmental condition of a clean room.