• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.599-606
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• 2002

uniform temperature. The surfaces of the block are taken at a constant higher temperature. The channel walls are assumed to be adiabatic. Results on the time-dependent temperature field are obtained and averaged over a cycle of pulsation. The effect of the important governing parameters, such as the Strouhal number on the flow and the heat transfer is investigated in detail. The results indicate that the recirculating flow behind the block are substantially affected by the pulsation frequency. These, in turn, have a strong influence on the thermal transport from the heated element to the pulsating flow. The frequency at which the enhancement is maximum is determined.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.461-468
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• 2020

The improvements of the DeCART/MUSAD code system for uncertainty analysis of HTGR neutronic parameters are presented in this paper. The function for quantifying an uncertainty of critical-spectrumweighted few group cross section was implemented using the generalized adjoint B₁ equation solver. Though the changes between the infinite and critical spectra cause a considerable difference in the contribution by the graphite scattering cross section, it does not significantly affect the total uncertainty. To reduce the number of iterations of the generalized adjoint transport equation solver, the generalized adjoint B₁ solution was used as the initial value for it and the number of iterations decreased to 50%. To reflect the implicit uncertainty, the correction factor was derived with the resonance integral. Moreover, an additional correction factor for the double heterogeneity was derived with the effective cross section of the DH region and it reduces the difference from the complete uncertainty. The code system was examined with the MHTGR-350 Ex.II-2 3D core benchmark. The k_eff uncertainty for Ex.II-2a with only the fresh fuel block was similar to that of the block and the uncertainty for Ex.II-2b with the fresh fuel and the burnt fuel blocks was smaller than that of the fresh fuel block.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Objective : To analyze the relationship of concomitant foraminallumbar disc herniation (FLDH) with postoperative leg pain after microdecompression for extraforaminallumbar disc herniation (EFLDH) at the L5-S1 level. Methods : Sixty-five patients who underwent microdecompression for symptomatic EFLDH at the L5-S1 level were enrolled, According to the severity of accompanying FLDH, EFLDH was classified into four categories (Class I : no FLDH; Class II : mild to moderate FLDH confined within a lateral foraminal zone; Class III : severe FLDH extending to a medial foraminal zone; Class IV : Class III with intracanalicular disc herniation). The incidence of postoperative leg pain, dysesthesia, analgesic medication, epidural block, and requirement for revision surgery due to leg pain were evaluated and compared at three months after initial surgery. Results : The incidences of postoperative leg pain and dysesthesia were 36.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Pain medication and epidural block was performed on 40% and 41.5%, respectively, Revision surgery was recommended in six patients (9.2%) due to persistent leg pain, The incidences of leg pain, dysesthesia, and requirement for epidural block were higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II. The incidence of requirement for analgesic medication was significantly higher in Class III/IV, compared with Class I/II (p=0,02, odds ratio=9,82). All patients who required revision surgery due to persistent leg pain were included in Class III/IV. Conclusion : Concomitant FLDH seems related to postoperative residual leg pain after microdecompression for EFLDH at the L5-S1 level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.533-539
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• 1992

Sixteen crossbred (Sahiwal $\times$ Holstein) male rumen fistulated calves of 18 to 24 months of age were randomly divided into four groups of four animal, each. Animals in all the groups were fed wheat straw ad lib as basal roughage. However, the animals in group I were fed concentrate mixture at maintenance level, whereas, the animals in groups II, III and IV had free access to existing, modified (A) and modified (B) urea molasses mineral block licks respectively. Daily wheat straw intake (kg) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in groups II ($4.20{\pm}0.13$), III ($4.07{\pm}0.16$) and IV ($4.22{\pm}0.20$) as compared to group I ($3.21{\pm}0.14$). Total N and TCA precistrained rumen liquor) was significantly higher in groups II ($22.36{\pm}0.25$), III ($21.63{\pm}0.25$) and IV ($21.77{\pm}0.55$) as compared to group I ($18.31{\pm}0.41$). Bacterial production rate (g/day and g/kg digestible organic matter intake) were non-significantly different amongst groups I ($214.4{\pm}13.28;\;85.38{\pm}3.69$); II ($198.7{\pm}5.70;\;86.17{\pm}3.53$); III ($214.4{\pm}8.19;\;96.15{\pm}2.16$) and IV ($218.2{\pm}10.62;\;94.44{\pm}5.52$). Similarly, percent efficiency of N incorporation into bacterial protein was not found significantly different amongst groups I, II, III and IV. These studies indicate that when concentrate mixture (upto maintenance level) in the diet of ruminants was replaced with UMMB licks, various N fraction in SRL and efficiency of bacterial production rates in the rumen were not affected.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.332-342
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• 2024

Background: Pre-operative ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block (II-IHNB) has a proven role in lessening acute postoperative pain and opioid consumption following hernia repair. However, its role in preventing post-herniorrhaphy groin pain (PHGP) is still unknown. The current study aims to assess pre-operative II-IHNB's impact on PHGP three and six months after open inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. Methods: Seventy patients posted for inguinal hernia surgery were randomly allocated into group A (received ultrasound-guided II-IHNB with 10 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and 4 mg [1 mL] dexamethasone) and group B (received ultrasound-guided II-IHNB with 11 mL of 0.9% normal saline). The time to first analgesic request, pain scores, opioid consumption, DN4 score, and PHGP at 3 and 6 months were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The numerical pain rating scale at movement in group A was significantly reduced at all the time intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours compared to group B. Total opioid usage was lower in group A (3.71 mg [3.90]) versus group B (12.14 mg [4.90]) with a mean difference of -8.43 mg (95% CI -10.54, -6.32), P < 0.001. The time required for the first rescue analgesic was significantly longer in group A (360 min [180-360]) versus (180 min [180-360]) in group B (P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in the incidence of PHGP at three and six months between the two groups. Conclusions: Pre-operative ultrasound-guided II-IHNB reduces postoperative analgesic requirement but does not reduce the incidence of chronic PHGP following hernia surgery at 6 months.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2000

Background: From our clinical experience, there were some problems in paratracheal stellate ganglion block at 6th cervical level (C 6 SGB), for example, lesser change in blood flow of the upper extremity and more occurrence of hoarseness. This study was undertaken to compare the various effectiveness of C 6 SGB and paratracheal stellate ganglion block at 7th cervical level (C 7 SGB). Methods: Forty patients were equally divided into 2 groups. In the Group I, patients were undertaken C 6 SGB with 0.25% bupivacaine 6 mL and in the Group II, patients were undertaken C 7 SGB with 0.25% bupivacaine 6mL. The skin temperature of index finger was measured before and after SGB and the warm sensation on face and upper extremity, hoarseness and upper extremity paralysis were studied. Results: The skin temperature of index finger was increased significantly from $33.95{\pm}0.89^{\circ}C$ to $34.51{\pm}0.90^{\circ}C$ in the Group I and from $33.94{\pm}0.82^{\circ}C$ to $35.38{\pm}0.66^{\circ}C$ in the Group II (P<0.05) The increase of skin temperature of index finger after procedure was $0.56{\pm}0.09^{\circ}C$ in the Group I and $1.44{\pm}0.02^{\circ}C$ in the Group II. The increase of skin temperature of index finger in the Group II was more statistically significant than Group I (P<0.05). The occurance of hoarseness in the Group II was significantly less than in the Group I. There was no significant difference in warm sensation on face and upper extremity and paralysis of upper extremity in both Groups. Conclusions: C 7 SGB showed better sympathetic block effect on upper extremity than C 6 SGB and hoarseness did not occur in C 7 SGB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1994

The Purpose of this study was to utilize of CAD System in pattern making process for women's apparel. The automation by the use of CAD System provides the higher accuracy and efficiency in pattern making process. AccuMark 300 System was used. for .this study. The results from this study were as follows . 1. New size spec chart and grading pitch chart were developed based on the data analysis and fitting tests for female college students. 2. New jacket block was developed based on the torso length sloper 3. Automatic grading of jacket block have been developed by creation and modification of grading rules of block pattern. 4. Pattern Design Systyem(P/D/S) were enabled to be constructed directly form a block pattern by modifications to existing styled pattern. 5. Original master pattern was generated by P/D/S menu option. 6. Production pattem added seam allowance, notchs was generated by P/D/S menu option. 7 Interative maker making process have enabled to save a wide range of time and space. 8. Measurement of garment by P/D/S measuring tools is to utilize in garment costing, quality control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

This study consists of two parts. The first discusses the development of a single production forming machine which was reported in earlier papers. The second outlines the development of a multi-production forming machine, which consists primarily of a film feeding unit, an unwinding unit, and a heating block unit. The heating block unit of the multi-production forming machine has 30 members per die. An analysis of the stress deformation and temperature deviation of this machine is carried out using ANSYS Workbench and CFX-11 under the design conditions. According to this analysis, the maximum deflection in the Z-direction is $0.05104{\mu}m$ and the maximum temperature deviation is $0.7^{\circ}C$ when the temperature of the heating block unit is $175^{\circ}C$. It was also found that these values are structurally safe. The advantage of the developed multi-production forming machine is demonstrated to be in its offering of a proper voice test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2018

This study aims to provide ways to achieve structural improvements of the internal flow path of the discharge plenum of a swash plate piston pump valve block vulnerable to cracks. This paper corresponds to Part II, which consists of a structural interpretation of the internal flow path of the discharge plenum of the valve block. The simple model result reviewed in Part I was incorporated into the valve block model and five different design changes were reviewed as part of the study on the structural improvement of the internal flow path of the valve block.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2108-2110
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• 2001

Used analog control systems have been converted into digital control systems due to performance degradation and difficulty of maintenance. There are few domestic DCS (Distribued Control System)s that have been applied to power plant. To apply a domestic DCS to power plant, the reliability, redundacny, and fault tolerance of DCS is important. Besides those items, the control action of control function block is also important. In this paper, we describe the requirements that PID control function block has to have, and implement a PID control function block that satisfies those requirements. Finally, real control result using an implemented PID function block in thermal power plant shows the validity of an implemented PID control function block.