• Title/Summary/Keyword: Blind Control

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The Effect of Microcurrent Application on Muscle Fatigue of Pes Planus during Gait (미세전류 적용이 편평족을 가진 사람들의 보행근육 피로도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Dae-Hwan;Son, Ho-Hee;Park, Soo-Jin;Kim, Jin-Sang;Kim, Kyoung
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.51-62
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microcurrent on fatigue of muscles in people who were flat-footed during gait. Methods: 10 flat-footed university students volunteered to participate in this study. 10 flat-footed subjects were divided into 2 groups, one group was experimental group of 5subjects(This group put on microcurrent induction shoes but the subjects were not able to feel the current.) and the other group was the control group of 5subjects(This group put on the general shoes which were similar in shape but microcurrent was not induced.) to perform double blind test and random sampling. Their gait muscle fatigue of 6 regions (vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscle.) was measured by EMG MP150, Delsys Inc Boston, USA during walking and then they carried out the Harvard step with a platform (It was a arbitrarily made wooden platform of 100cm long, 50cm wide, 60cm high. They carried out climbing it for one second and descending it for one second by using the Metronome program, total 5minutes) for 5minutes. Right after that, the subjects walked on a treadmill at a speed of 4km/h for 10minutes and then their gait muscle fatigue of 6regions was assessed while they were walking on the ground as equally as before exercise. Results: The experimental group has resulted in lower average differences in gait muscle fatigue before and after exercise than those of the control group average 12.24Hz(P=0.009) at vastus medialis, average 8.52Hz(P=0.016) at gastrocnemius, average 9.16Hz(P=0.009) at tibialis anterior, average 8.66Hz(P=0.047) at biceps femoris, average 7.53Hz(P=0.016) at erector spinae, and average 7.80Hz(P=0.047) at rectus abdominis. All of the assessments of muscles have shown significant difference statistically. Conclusions: This result has shown that the use of micro current could decrease gait muscle fatigue of flat-footed people. It is recommended to use a microcurrent to reduce their gait muscle fatigue.

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Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on Gingival Inflammation and Plaque Accumulation (염화 세틸피리디늄 분말의 치태제거와 치은염 완화 효과에 관한 임상시험)

  • Jun, Hyung-Sik;Ko, Young-Kyung;Ku, Young;Rhyu, In-Chul;Choi, Sang-Mook;Chung, Chong-Pyoung
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 1999
  • To evaluate the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride in a powder form when used concomitantly with a commercial flouride containing tooth paste on inhibition of plaque formation, on gingivitis, and on irritation of oral mucosa, a double--blind, randomized parallel study was set up. Cetylpyridinium chloride was incorporated into a ligh brown colored powder with menthol added for scent. There were no diffemces between the active agent and the placebo which did not contain cetylpyridinium chloride in appearance, color, smell, taste, or dispenser. 98 healthy volunteers were assigned to one of two groups: brushing 3 times a day with flouride toothpaste and cetylpyridinium chloride powder, or brushing 3 times a day with flouride toothpaste and placebo. Before the test period, the subjects received through tooth cleaning and polishing. At basteline, GI, PI, BOP, and GCF of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in the experimental and placebo groups including 58 and 42 subjects repectively, After 4 weeks, GI, PI, BOP, GCF, compliance, irritation of the oral mucosa(redness, pus drainage, edema) and adverse reactions were measured. The PI, GI, and BOP of the experimental group recorded at baseline are 0.19${\pm}$0.19, 0.42${\pm}$0.31, and 0.08${\pm}$0.15. These scores showed significant decrease after 4 weeks of test period(0.11${\pm}$0.15, 0.22${\pm}$0.24, 0.02${\pm}$0.09 repectively at the end of the study) and inhibition of plaque accumulation and resolution of gingival inflammation could be observed. GCF shoed slight increase but this was not statistically different. Comparison of changes in measured scores of control and experimental groupshow GI, PI of the test indices have decreased. Test group showed significantly greater decrease in gingivitis and plaque accumulation after 4 weeks. GCF and BOP also showed greater decrease thant the control group but this difference was not statistically significant. At no time of the study period did any of the subjects show signs of irritation of the oral mucosa or adverse reactions. Following conclusions could be obtained from this study. The combined use of cetl powder and flouride toothpaste showed greater inhibition of plaque accumulation and greater decrease of gingivitis than use of flouride toothpaste with placebo agent.

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The Review on the Prostate Disease-related Studies with Acupuncture Therapy in PubMed (PubMed 검색(檢索)을 이용한 전립선(前立腺) 질환(疾患)의 침치료(鍼治療)관련 연구(硏究)에 대한 고찰(考察))

  • Song, Ho-Sueb
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2004
  • Objective : This study was to review on the prostate disease-related studies with Acupuncture therapy in renowned medical internet site of PubMed, and to make master plan of the study, especially, on Bee Venom Acupuncture(BVA) of Prostate disease and then to devise the idealistic therapeutic ways of it. Method : We made the internet search with the key words of bee venom(bee venom therapy, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting, bee sting therapy), acupuncture, prostate, prostatitis, prostrate cancer in Pubmed, from June 1st to July 1st,2004. Results : 1.25 papers were found in 19 publised jounals. of which two named'Urology'and Prostate' had three papars, two called 'JUrology' and 'Cancer Immunol Immunother' had two papers, and the others had a paper respectively. 2. In the classification by papers' types, Review papers were 8 and Original were 17 where there were 5 clinical trials, 11 experimental studies and 1 epidemiologic paper. Of 5 clinical trials, 2 belonged to Randomized Control Study, and of 11 experimental studies, 4 belonged to in vitro and 7 belonged to in vivo with in viro studies, and 1 epidemeologic belonged to meta-analysis. 3. In the classification by prostate diseases, 4 were about prostatitis, 3 were about prostate related symptoms, 16 were about prostate cancer, and two were about the others. 4. In the classification by applied treatment methods, 5 were related with Acupuncture, 10 were related with BVA(Bee Venom, Bee), and 10 were related with the others. Of 5 related with Acupuncture, 3 used general acupuncture, 1 used electrical acupuncture, and 1 used general acupuncture and electrical acupuncture at the same time. 5. In 2 RCTs of Clinical trials, Control group was set up to the group using different compatible treatment method or using meridians not related with treating prostate disease. Single or double blind methods couldn't be found. 6. In the clinical trials, IPSS, NIH, CPSI or subjective global assessment were used as the Index of Evaluation. 7. The Leg Greater Yang Bladder Meridian(B), The Leg Lesser Um Kidney Meridian(K) and Conception Vessel Meridian(CV) were used as major meridians, and B10(Taejo, Dazhu), B23(Shinsu, Shenshu), B28(Panggwangsu, Pangguangshu), B35(Hoeyang, Huiyang), B39(Wiyang, Weiyang), B40(Wijung, Weizhong), B54(chilbyon, Zhibian), K1(Yongchon, Yongquan), K10(Umgok, Yingu), CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan),S6(Hyopko, Jiache) were used as acupoints. Electrical acupuncture(EA) was considered to be more important and CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan) were mainly selected as EA applied acupoints. 8. It is mostly said that Acupuncture appeared to be a safe, effective, and durable treatment alternative in improving symptoms of patients with prostate diseases, refractory to conventional medicine. A larger controlled study was required to confirm these encouraging initial results. Conclusion : Papers about BVA of Prostate cancer or Prostatitis were not found, and low permeability of Prostate is concerned, BVA with the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect can be adopted as a new alternatives of Prostate disease treatment, so it is thought that Study of how to make access to prostate, animal experiment including in vivo and in vitro and more clinical trials with using acupoints on related meridian should be followed.

Effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment on the Dysmenorrhea(Pillot Study, Single Blind, Randomized, Sham Acupuncture, Controlled Clinical Trial) (월경통에 사암침치료 효과에 대한 임상연구)

  • Lee, In-Sun;Youn, Hyoun-Min;Jung, Kyoung-Keun;Kim, Soo-Min;Min, Young-Kwang;Kim, Cheol-Hong;Park, Sung-Hwan;Park, Ji-Eun;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.63-79
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : Korean traditional acupuncture Theory, Sa-am's 5 phases acupuncture method was originated in 1644-1742, in the middle of the Cho Sun dynasty. This study was to verify the effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment on dysmenorrhea of Women. Methods : The subjects were 49 volunteers who were suffering for dysmenorrhea, employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including Sa-am acupuncture treatment group(n=23) and minimal acupuncture treatment group(n=26). They had agreed to take part in tIris experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. In the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at $GB_{41}$, $SI_3$, $GL_{66}$, $SI_2$(Small intestine jung-guk) and $SP_6$. In the control group, subjects were needled at $L_{10}$, $S_{40}$, $P_5$, $G_{40}$ points have any effect on dysmenorrhea. A total of 5 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle. The MMP score by using 7 questions and the Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL-D) were measured before and after menstruation cycle. Collected data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. Results : Acupuncture treatment produced a significant improvement on dysmenorrhea in two groups, but a statistically significant difference was not shown in the acupuncture group compare to control group. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it was verified that Acupuncture Treatment was effective in decreasing the symptom of Dysmenorrhea.

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The Effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment for Major Symptom of Hwa-byung : A Preliminary Study (화병의 핵심증상에 대한 사암침 치료의 효과 : 예비연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Ryong;Park, Yang-Chun;Hong, Kwon-Eui;Koo, Young-Sun;Jo, Jeong-Hyo;An, Joung-Jo;Kang, Wee-Chang;Kim, Jong-Woo;Choi, Sun-Mi;Jung, In-Chul
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.79-94
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The Purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Sa-am acupuncture treatment(Sim-seungkyuk) for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. Method : In this randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled study, we compared active acupuncture with sham acupuncture in the treatment for major symptoms of Hwa-byung. likert scale(5 score) for major symptom of Hwa-byung was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and STAXI-K, STAI-K, BDI-K and HRV were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment and after treatment. Results : 26 volunteers participated in this study by dividing two groups, each 13 persons in trial group and control group at random. In comparison of likert scale for major symptoms, after treatment the total score of likert scale for major symptoms decreased significantly in both group than before treatment. And after treatment, the total score of trial group decreased less than those of control group in comparison between two groups. especially after 2 weeks from all treatment, there was significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : We considered that Shim-seungkyuk of Sa-am acupuncture treatment will be not recommended to treatment of Hwa-byung because this study could not prove effect of Shim-seungkyuk treatment for Hwa-hyung in spite of preliminary study. This study will be used to provide a fundamental data for development of clinical research as preliminary study of Hwa-byung.

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TMC (Tracker Motion Controller) Using Sensors and GPS Implementation and Performance Analysis (센서와 GPS를 이용한 TMC의 구현 및 성능 분석)

  • Ko, Jae-Hong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.828-834
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, TMC (Tracker Motion Controller) as one of the many research methods for condensing efficiency improvements can be condensed into efficient solar system configuration to improve the power generation efficiency of the castle with Concentrated solar silicon and photovoltaic systems (CPV)experiments using PV systems. Microprocessor used on the solar system, tracing the development of solar altitude and latitude of each is calculated in real time. Also accept the value from the sensor, motor control and communication with the central control system by calculating the value of the current position of the sun, there is a growing burden on the applicability. Through the way the program is appropriate for solar power systems and sensors hybrid-type algorithm was implemented in the ARM core with built-in TMC, Concentrated CPV system compared to the existing PV systems, through the implementation of the TMC in the country's power generation efficiency compared and analyzed. Sensor method using existing experimental results Concentrated solar power systems to communicate the value of GPS location tracking method hybrid solar horizons in the coordinate system of the sun's azimuth and elevation angles calculated by the program in the calculations of astronomy through experimental resultslook clear day at high solar irradiation were shown to have a large difference. Stopped after a certain period of time, the sun appears in the blind spot of the sensor, the sensor error that can occur from climate change, however, do not have a cloudy and clear day solar radiation sensor does not keep track of the position of the sun, rather than the sensor of excellence could be found. It is expected that research is constantly needed for the system with ongoing research for development of solar cell efficiency increases to reduce the production cost of power generation, high efficiency condensing type according to the change of climate with the optimal development of the ability TMC.

Antispastic Effect of Electroacupuncture on Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients by T-reflex Study : A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled, Preliminary Study

  • Cho, Min Kyoung;Lee, In;Kwon, Jung Nam;Shin, Byung Cheul;Ko, Sung Hwa;Ko, Hyun Yoon;Shin, Yong Il;Hong, Jin Woo
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.8-18
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: There have been several studies evaluated effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on spasticity but most studies could not assess spasticity quantitatively because they used clinical rating scales for assessment spasticity. The objective of this study is to evaluate effect of EA on poststroke spasticity quantitatively using tendon reflex (T-reflex). Methods: 29 stroke patients with upper extremity spasticity were randomized to EA group and control group. The EA group received combined EA and rehabilitation therapy 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Acupuncture treatment was given at Jian Yu (LI 15), Qu Chi (LI 11), Shao Hai (HT 3), Wai Guan (TE 5), He Gu (LI 4), Lie Que (LU 7), Hou Xi (SI 3) of the affected side, 30 minutes of electrical stimulation with a frequency of 40/13 Hz was applied at Qu Chi (LI 11), He Gu (LI 4). The control group received only rehabilitation therapy. The efficacy of treatment was assessed using T-reflex latency and amplitude, modified Ashworth scale (MAS) of biceps brachii, brachioradialis and triceps brachii. Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) and functional independence measure (FIM) were also measured to assess motor function and functional independence. All outcomes were measured before treatment, immediately after 3 weeks of treatment and 1 week after 3 weeks of treatment. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in outcomes including T-reflex between the study groups except for FIM values immediately after 3 weeks of treatment (p=0.037). Conclusions: These results suggest that 3 weeks of EA does not reduce poststroke upper extremity spasticity electrophysiologically and clinically. However, small sample sizes and contradictory tendency between results from T-reflex and those from MAS require cautious judgement on interpretation of the results. A larger, well-designed clinical trials for quantitative evaluation of effect of EA on poststroke spasticity will be needed.

Radiation Therapy of Nasopharyngeal Cancers (비인강암의 방사선치료성적)

  • Shin, Sei-One;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Myung-Se
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.312-320
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    • 1992
  • Radiotherapeutically, nasopharyngeal cancer is an important disease in korea. Because of its blind anatomic location, early detection is relatively uncommon. Clinically, most of cases are locally advanced and nodal involvement are common. Recently better understanding of nature of the disease and improvement of radio-therapy technique permit better treatment results, including locoregional control and survival rate, and minimal normal tissue damages comparing with previously published data. We analyzed 31 patients of pathologically proven and previously untreated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma with different treatment techniques, retrospectively. Minimal and maximal follow up period of the survuor is 6 months and 68 months, respectively. Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma are included in this analysis. The median age is 49 years(range from 20 to 64 years). Twenty two patients are stage III. Eleven patients are treated with radiotherapy alone and 20 are treated with comblined modalities treatment. The degree of responses after radiotherapy are categorized by 3-classes, i.e. complete response, partial response. In spite of simioarities of complete response rate and 1-year survival rate between two different treatment techniques, those patients with undifferentiated carcinoma appear to benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, systemic failure is more prominant in radiotherapy alone group than in combined modalities treatment group. These results suggest that adjuvant therapy in the radiotherapeutic management of nasopharyngeal cancers needs additional research according to histologic types and future extensive clinical trials.

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A mixture of Salacia oblonga extract and IP-PA1 reduces fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels

  • Nakata, Kazue;Taniguchi, Yoshie;Yoshioka, Noriko;Yoshida, Aya;Inagawa, Hiroyuki;Nakamoto, Takeru;Yoshimura, Hiroshi;Miyake, Shin-Ichiro;Kohchi, Chie;Kuroki, Masahide;Soma, Gen-Ichiro
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.435-442
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    • 2011
  • At present, lifestyle-related diseases are one of the most critical health issues worldwide. It has been reported that lipopolysaccharide derived from a Gram-negative bacteria (IP-PA1) symbiotic with wheat exhibited several advantageous biological effects, such as the reduction of plasma glucose levels in NOD mice and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in WHHL rabbits. In this study, the beneficial effects on plasma glucose and lipids of a tea (SI tea) consisting of IP-PA1 and Salacia (which contains an inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase) were investigated in the KK-Ay/TaJcl type 2 diabetic model mice and in human subjects with premetabolic syndrome in a double-blind, randomized study. S1 tea significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in KK-Ay/TaJcl mice. A clinical trial of SI tea was performed with 41 subjects between the ages of 40 and 69, who belonged either to a high plasma glucose group (HG: FPG 100-125 mg/dl) or to a hyperlipidemia group (HL: TG ${\geq}$ 150 mg/dl, or LDL ${\geq}$ 120 mg/dl, or HDL <40 mg/dl). These subjects ingested either Salacia without IP-PA1 (the control) or SI tea. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, and 60 days after initiating SI tea treatment, and were measured for FPG, HbA1c, TG, LDL, and HDL. These results showed that SI tea reduced FPG and HbA1c more rapidly than the control in the HL group, and also significantly improved LDL and HDL levels in the HG group. Thus, SI tea may be helpful in preventing lifestyle-related diseases.

Coconut-derived D-xylose affects postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals

  • Yun, Jung-Bae;Bak, Youn-Kyung;Kim, Bum-Sik;Kim, Min-Sun;Lee, Jin-Hee;Sung, Mi-Kyung
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.533-539
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    • 2011
  • Metabolic alterations including postprandial hyperglycemia have been implicated in the development of obesity-related diseases. Xylose is a sucrase inhibitor suggested to suppress the postprandial glucose surge. The objectives of this study were to assess the inhibitory effects of two different concentrations of xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin responses and to evaluate its efficacy in the presence of other macronutrients. Randomized double-blind cross-over studies were conducted to examine the effect of D-xylose on postprandial glucose and insulin response following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In study 1, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 49) consumed a test sucrose solution (50 g sucrose in 130 ml water) containing 0, 5, or 7.5 g D-xylose powder. In study 2, the overnight-fasted study subjects (n = 50) consumed a test meal (50 g sucrose in a 60 g muffin and 200 ml sucrose-containing solution). The control meal provided 64.5 g of carbohydrates, 4.5 g of fat, and 10 g of protein. The xylose meal was identical to the control meal except 5 g of xylose was added to the muffin mix. In study 1, the 5 g xylose-containing solutions exhibited significantly lower area under the glucose curve (AUCg) and area under the insulin curve (AUCi) values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-60 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-90 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and 0-120 min (P = 0.0071, P = 0.0016). In study 2, the test meal exhibited significantly lower AUCg and AUCi values for 0-15 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-30 min (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001), 0-45 min (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005), 0-60 min (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0025), and 0-90 min (P = 0.0396, P = 0.0246). In conclusion, xylose showed an acute suppressive effect on the postprandial glucose and insulin surges.