• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.825-828
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• 2006

In this paper, experimental studies are performed to find out properties of crack according to the change of curing conditions of flyash concrete. To study the effect of curing conditions on flyash concrete, slump, bleeding, air content and hydration temperature of fresh concrete are measured according to various curing conditions. In addition, the effect of caring conditions on compressive strength, tensile strength and Plastic drying shrinkage cracking of hardened concrete is also considered.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.33-36
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• 2005

Recently, the use of volcanic-ash as a part of cement content in concrete is very common. But, it has been indicated that the compressive strength of concrete using large amount of volcanic-ash as a part of cement content in early age is low and carbonation velocity is fast. To solve those problems, High Volume Volcanic-Ash Concrete which contained large amount of volcanic-ash as a part of fine aggregate has been proposed. This is an experimential study to compare and analyze the properties of High Volumn Volcanic-Ash Concrete according to the replacement method and ratio of volcanic-ash. For this purpose, the mix proportion of concrete according to the replacement method(PL, C10, C150, A10, A100, A150) And then slump, setting time, bleeding, compressive strength, tensile strength and carbornation test were performed. According to test results, it was found that the compressive strength of the concrete using the volcanic-ash as a part of fine aggregate(A) was higher than that of the concrete using the volcanic-ash as a part of cement content(C). And, the compressive strength of the A concrete increased in early age as well as in long tern age as the volcanic-ash content increased.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.68-80
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• 1984

This study was attempted in order to investigate the effects of superplasticizers on fresh and hardened concrete. The experimental program included tests on the slump and slump loss, bleeding, time of set, air content, the compacting, factor Vee Dee, compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength, permeability, shrinkage and freege-thaw durability. The major conclusions that can be drawn on the study are as follows. 1. Superplasticizers were observed to have an appreciable fluidifying action in fresh concrete so that tinder appropriate conditions, they either considerably improved its workability or permitted a water reduction of at least 8-12% to be made while maintaining normal workability. 2. The bleeding ratios of base and S,P. Concrete were much lower than those of the conventional concrete. Differences between the base and S.P. Concrete were insignifician. 3. The setting time was the longest for conventionla concrete, followed by S.P. concrete and base concrete in thatorder. And AE water reduction admixtures showed an appreciable influence on the setting and hardening characteristics of concrete and prolonged the stiffening times. 4. The high initial slump values of S.P. concrete generally decreased rapidly with increased standing time. CF values showed increasing tendencies with the increase of S.P. content, and excessive addition of S.P. caused the segregation of fresh concrete, resulting in its rejection. 5. Though there was a slight increase in strength, no significant differences are observed between base and S.P. concrete in terms of the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. 6. The permeability of S.P. concrete was significantly less than that of the conventional concrete, and the shrinkage of S.P. concrete was considerably smaller than that of the conventional concrete, but there were no significant differences between base and S.P. concrete. 7. Compared to base concrete, S.P. concrete without entrained air tended to slightly increase freeze-thaw durability, and S.P. concrete with an appropriate entrained air gave satisfactory resistance to freezing and thawing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.406-413
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• 2014

A study was conducted to compare the effect of halal slaughter without stunning and gas stun killing followed by bleeding on residual blood content and storage stability of rabbit meat. Eighty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups of 40 animals each and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or gas stun-kill (GK). The volume of blood lost during exsanguination was measured. Residual blood was further quantified by determination of haemoglobin content in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. Storage stability of the meat was evaluated by microbiological analysis and measuring lipid oxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). HS resulted in significantly higher blood loss than GK. HS had significantly lower residual haemoglobin in LL muscle compared to GK. Slaughter method had no effect on rabbit meat lipid oxidation at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem. However, at 5 and 8 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences (p<0.05) were found, with meat from the GK group exhibiting significantly higher levels of MDA than that from HS. At day 3, greater growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli were observed in the GK group (p<0.05) with B. thermosphacta and total aerobic counts remained unaffected by slaughter method. At days 5 and 7 postmortem, bacterial counts for all tested microbes were affected by slaughter method, with GK exhibiting significantly higher growth than HS. It can be concluded that slaughter method can affect keeping quality of rabbit meat, and HS may be a favourable option compared to GK due to high bleed out.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

본 연구는 모르타르와 콘크리트에 첨가제로서, 돈혈을 혼합하였을 때 물성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 실시하였다. 모르타르 실험에는 단위질량, 플로우, 압축강도 실험을 실시하였고, 콘크리트 실험에는 공기량, 슬럼프, 블리딩, 응결시간, 압축강도, 동결융해저항성 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과로서, 돈혈을 모르타르와 콘크리트에 첨가하면 공기연행효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 모르타르 실험에서는 플로우 값은 증가하며, 단위중량은 감소하고, 압축강도는 공기연행에 의해 감소하였다. 콘크리트 실험에서는 돈혈을 첨가하였을 때 공기연행효과로 공기량은 증가하나, 시간이 경과함에 따라 공기량이 감소하는 경향이 있으며, 응결시간이 지연되고, 블리딩량은 감소하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 콘크리트의 압축강도는 공기연행작용으로 인하여 강도가 감소하며, 동결융해 저항성은 향상되는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 배합강도 30MPa로 설계된 25-30-18 규격의 콘크리트 배합에 불소화합물 및 실리카로 구성된 불소-실리카 복합형 균열저감제(FS)를 시멘트 중량을 기준으로 0.5% 간격으로 2.0%까지 첨가한 후 슬럼프 경시 변화, 공기량 경시 변화 및 블리딩 등의 굳지 않은 콘크리트의 재료특성을 평가하였다. 또한, 콘크리트 수화온도 변화에 미치는 영향과 소성수축 및 건조수축의 저항성에 미치는 효과를 파악하였다. FS가 첨가된 콘크리트의 재료특성에서 슬럼프 및 공기량 경시 변화는 무첨가 콘크리트에 비해 큰 차이가 없었으나 블리딩과 수화온도는 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 경화 전 후 소성수축 및 건조수축에 기인된 콘크리트의 수축균열 저항성이 FS를 $1.0{\sim}1.5%$의 첨가함으로써 크게 저감됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2005

We investigated the effects of aqueous extract from talc for suppression in the process of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat. The weight of urinary bladder was increased in the cyclophosphamide-injected rat compared with normal, but the increase of weight was arrested by intake of talc. More similar results showed in the uric test involving nitrate content and blood cell number and serum analysis involving the content of blood urea nitrogen and uric acid in the talc challenged rat compared with control one. More severe histological changes of urinary bladder such as edema, wall thickness, bleeding, vacuolation in mucosal epithelium were demonstrated in the rat injected with cyclophosphamide compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes such as edema and bleeding were observed in rats treated with talc. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of inflammatory-related protein examined tended to increase in the urinary bladder of cyclophosphamide-injected rat, especially COX-2 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in mucosal epithelium and iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ in mucosal and muscular layer. The decline of these immunoreation were observed in the talc treated rat, significant decrease of COX-2 was detected in mucosal epithelium and iNOS in submucosal layer. These results suggest that talc may use as a useful therapeutic agent for noninfectious cystitis.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 매립석탄재를 활용한 유동성 채움재 실용화 기술개발의 일환으로서 매립석탄재의 입도 분포 및 미립분 함량등의 물성에 따른 유동성 채움재의 유동성 및 재료분리 저항성, 강도발현성 등의 특성을 검토하고자 하였으며, 채취된 매립석탄재의 물성 분석 결과 밀도 및 입도 분포의 특성은 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 3종의 매립석탄재를 대상으로 유동성 채움재 배합 및 특성을 평가한 결과 ACI 229R에서 규정하는 품질을 충족시키기 위한 배합조건은 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 배합요인별에 따라 유동성 채움재의 특성을 평가한 결과 매립석탄재의 입도분포 특성 및 미립분 함량에 주로 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었으며, 조립질의 매립석탄재(PA-3)의 경우 ACI 229R에서 규정하는 요구성능을 충족시키는 배합 조건은 도출되지 않았으나, 입도 전처리를 통한 미분 함량 증가 및 세립질의 입도분포 구성을 통한 유동성 채움재의 배합성 평가에 대해 검토할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술기술논문발표대회 논문집
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• pp.215-218
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• 2005

This paper intended to evaluate the applicability of drying shrinkage reducing superplasticizer (DSRA) by investigating physical properties of concrete using DSRA, The application of flowing concrete method exhibited a less loss of slump and air content with time than those of conventional concrete and had small bleeding. Flowing concrete had larger compressive strength than base and conventional concrete by as much as $3\~5\%$. It also had less drying shrinkage by as much as $20\%$ compared with conventional concrete. This is due to the coupled effect of reduced water content and aqueous type expansive admixture. On the other hand, neutralization depth of flowing concrete showed greater than conventional concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.549-554
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• 2000

Generally, it is indicated that concrete using fly ash as a part of cement content has lower early strength, and faster carbonation velocity. To improve these problems and provide useful information for high volume fly ash concrete, the properties of concrete - those include slump, bleeding, setting time, compressive strength and carbonation depth etc. - which contained large amount of fly ash as a part of fine aggregate were investigated experimentally. According to test results, it was found that the compressive strength of the concrete increased in early age as well as in long term age with the increase of the fly ash content. And the carbonation depth of concrete using fly ash as a part of fine aggregate was lower than that of plain concrete(FA 0kg/ $\textrm{m}^3$).