• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

When a new tunnel is excavated by the drill and blast method near pre-existing underground structures or tunnels due to the region restricted condition such as urban area, the ground will be relaxed by the excavation. In this case, issues can be created in terms of stability of pre-existing underground structures. One of major factors determining the stability of pre-existing underground structures can be a separation distance between pre-existing underground structures and a newly excavated tunnel. The region of ground relaxation defined by the plastic zone due to new excavation can be varied by separation distance. In this study, in other to estimate an influence of new tunnel excavation in terms of separation distance on the stability of pre-existing large pipelines, two-dimensional scaled model tests using plaster were performed for six models which have a different separation distance, The results show that based on the analysis of induced displacement during tunnel construction, the displacement decreases as the separation distance between large pipeline and new tunnel is increased until the distance is 2.5 times of pipeline diameter. Beyond this point, however, the displacement has become stabilized.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2007

Hearing loss is a common congenital disorder that is frequently associated with mutations in the Cx26 gene (GJB2). Recently, the mutation analysis of GJB2 has been used in a newborn screening test for the detection of hearing impairment. Population-based studies should be performed before the application of genetic testing for the identification of deaf newborns. In this study, 8 positions of GJB2 mutations-including 35delG, 167delT, 235delC, V27I, V37I, M34T, E114G, and I203T-were analyzed using PCR-direct sequencing in a total of 437 healthy Korean neonates. DNAs from dried blood spots were extracted using a commercial DNA extraction kit. The PCR-amplified products (783 bps) of the GJB2 gene were detected using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and subjected to direct sequencing. The sequences were compared with those in the GenBank database by using the BLAST program. In this study, 5 GJB2 mutations -including V27I (79G>A), V37I (109G>A), E114G (341A>G), I203T (608T>C), and 235delC- were found. Of the 437 neonate samples, 301 subjects showed GJB2 mutations (68.9%, 301/437). The V27I mutation was found in 271 subjects and was the most frequent (62.0%, 271/437). The E114G, I203T and V37I mutations were shown in 146, 17 and 14 subjects, respectively. The 235delC mutation was found in 1 subject. The E114G mutation was frequently accompanied by the V27I mutation. V27I/E114G (97.2%, 143/147) was the most common double mutation and 3 subjects had the double mutation V27I/I203T. A triple mutation, V27I/E114G/I203T, was found in 1 subject. In conclusion, PCR-direct sequencing is a convenient tool for the rapid detection of GJB2 mutations and this data might provide information for the genetic counseling of the GJB2 gene.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2010

'Manmibyeo', a new japonica rice cultivar, is a mid-late maturing ecotype cultivar developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2002. This cultivar was originated from the cross between 'Milyang 95' and $F_1$ of the cross between 'Bukrukbanna' and 'Milyang 95' in 1990/1991 winter season. It was selected by pedigree breeding method until F6 generation, and a promising line, YR14545-9-2-3-4, was advanced and designated as 'Milyang 162' in 1996. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 162' was carried out at seven locations during 3 years in 1997, 1998 and 2002. It has about 86cm culm length and is lodging tolerant. This cultivar is susceptible to bacterial blight ($K_1$, $K_2$, $K_3$) and stripe virus, and moderately resistant to leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernels of 'Manmibyeo' is translucent with low amylose content in endosperm, clear in chalkiness and good at eating quality in panel test. The yield potential of 'Manmibyeo' in milled rice was about 4.46 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the southern plain of Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to identify the As removal mechanism of the residual slag generated after the mineral carbonation process. The residual slags were manufactured from the steelmaking slag (blast oxygen furnace slag: BOF) through direct and indirect carbonation process. RDBOF (residual BOF after the direct carbonation) and RIBOF (residual BOF after the indirect carbonation) showed different physicochemical-structural characteristics compared with raw BOF such as chemical-mineralogical properties, the pH level of leachate and forming micropores on the surface of the slag. In batch experiment, 0.1 g of residual slag was added to 10 mL of As-solution (initial concentration: 203.6 mg/L) titrated at various pH levels. The RDBOF showed 99.3% of As removal efficiency at initial pH 1, while it sharply decreased with the increase of initial pH. As the initial pH of solution decreased, the dissolution of carbonate minerals covering the surface was accelerated, increasing the exposed area of Fe-oxide and promoting the adsorption of As-oxyanions on the RDBOF surface. Whereas, the As removal efficiency of RIBOF increased with the increase of initial pH levels, and it reached up to 70% at initial pH 10. Considering the PZC (point of zero charge) of the RIBOF (pH 4.5), it was hardly expected that the electrical adsorption of As-oxyanion on surface of the RIBOF at initial pH of 4-10. Nevertheless it was observed that As-oxyanion was linked to the Fe-oxide on the RIBOF surface by the cation bridge effect of divalent cations such as Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Fe²⁺. The surface of RIBOF became stronger negatively charged, the cation bridge effect was more strictly enforced, and more As can be fixed on the RIBOF surface. However, the Ca-products start to precipitate on the surface at pH 10-11 or higher and they even prevent the surface adsorption of As-oxyanion by Fe-oxide. The TCLP test was performed to evaluate the stability of As fixed on the surface of the residual slag after the batch experiment. Results supported that RDBOF and RIBOF firmly fixed As over the wide pH levels, by considering their As desorption rate of less than 2%. From the results of this study, it was proved that both residual slags can be used as an eco-friendly and low-cost As remover with high As removal efficiency and high stability and they also overcome the pH increase in solution, which is the disadvantage of existing steelmaking slag as an As remover.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

In this study, three levels of W/B(Water to Binder) ratio (0.37, 0.42, 0.47) and substitution ratio of GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) rate (0 %, 30 %, 50 %) were considered to perform RCPT (Rapid Chloride Diffusion Test) at the 1,095 aged day. Accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient and passed charge of each concrete mixture were assessed according to Tang's method and ASTM C 1202, and improving behaviors of durability performance with increasing aged days are analyzed based on the test results of previous aged days from the preceding study. As the age of concrete increases, the passed charge and diffusion coefficient have been significantly reduced, and especially the concrete specimens containing GGBFS showed a significantly more reduction than OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement) concrete specimen by latent hydraulic activity. In the case of OPC concrete's results of passed charge, at the 1,095 days, two of them were still in the "Moderate" class. So, if only OPC is used as the binder of concrete, the resistance performance for chloride attack is weak. In this study, the time-parameters (m) were derived based on the results of the accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient, and the deterministic and probabilistic analysis for service life were performed by assuming the design variable as a probability function. For probabilistic service life analysis, durability failure probabilities were calculated using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to evaluate service life. The service life of probabilistic method were lower than that of deterministic method, since the target value of PDF (Probability of Durability Failure) was set very low at 10 %. If the target value of PDF suitable for the purpose of using structure can be set and proper variability can be considered for each design variable, it is believed that more economical durability design can be made.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.547-551
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• 2009

A new commercial rice variety "Chilbo" is a japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) with resistance to rice stripe virus and high grain quality. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongdeog Substation, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a cross between "Yeongdeog 26" with wind tolerance and lodging resistance and "Koshihikari" with good grain quality. A promising line, YR21324-119-3-2 was selected by a pedigree breeding method and designated as "Yeongdeog 44" in 2004. Regional adaptation yield trials were carried out at eleven locations from 2005 to 2007. As a result, "Yeongdeog 44" was released as a high yielding rice variety with high grain qualilty and virus resistance with the name of "Chilbo". It is short 76cm in culm length and has medium-late growth duration. This variety is resistant to stripe virus and middle resistant to leaf blast disease. It is also tolerant to cold, dried wind. Milled rice kernel of "Chilbo" is translucent, clear in chalkiness. Panel test proved that and it has good eating quality. Head rice ratio of Chilbo is high compared to the check variety, Hwaseongbyeo. Yield potential of "Chilbo" in milled rice is about 5.57MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This variety would be adaptable to Yeongnam plain, south & east-south coastal, south mid-mountainous, middle plain area of Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2011

'Hangangchal 1' is a new glutinous rice cultivar of second generation Tongil-type with a mid-maturing ecotype that developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2006. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Hangangchal', a Tongil-type glutinous cultivar and 'YR8208-20', a high yield potential in 1986/1987 winter season. 'Hangangchal 1' was selected by pedigree and bulk breeding methods from $F_3$ to $F_6$ populations. A promising line, YR10498-8-1-3, was selected and designated as 'Milyang 167' in 1997. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 167' was carried out at seven locations during 3 years in 1998, 2005, and 2006. It has tolerance to lodging with good canopy architecture as 87cm of culm length. This cultivar is resistant to bacterial blight $K_1$, $K_2$, and $K_3$ race, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and leaf blast disease. The milled rice endosperm of 'Hangangchal 1' is glutinous and its whiteness was almost similar compared to 'Shinseonchalbyeo'. The yield of milled rice of 'Hangangchal 1' was average 5.97 MT/ha at ordinary cultivation of 9 kg/10a N fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the mid and southern plain of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.520-524
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• 2009

A newly developed rice variety "Pungmi 1" is a japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) with high grain quality and multi-resistant to diseases. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2004. This variety derived from a cross between "YR13616Acp 1", having short culm and multi-resistance to biotic stresses and "Milyang 122" with good grain quality. It has short stature of 73cm in culm length and mid-early flowering date of Aug. 13. This variety is moderately resistant to leaf blast showing durable resistance of lower 10% diseased leaf araea in sequential planting meothod. Milled rice kernel of "Pungmi 1" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in panel test. Milling recovery and head rice ratios were comparable to Milyang 122, while it has low protein content. The milled rice yield potential of "Pungmi 1" is about 5.59 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to Yeongnam inland plains and southern coastal areas of Yeongnam province at ordinary transplanting as well as after barly cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2010

'Josaengheugchal', a new blackish purple pigmented glutinous japonica rice cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2004. This cultivar was derived from a cross between 'Tohoku 149' as black glutinous source and 'Sx 864' as purple colored rice in 1992 and 1993 winter season, and selected by pedigree breeding method until $F_6$ generation. As a result, a promising line, YR15907-6-8-1-5, was advanced and designated as the name of 'Milyang 194' in 2001. The local adaptability test of 'Milyang 194' was carried out at seven locations from 2002 to 2004 and it was named as 'Josaengheugchal'. 'Josaengheugchal' is an early maturing cultivar and has 71 cm culm height. It has higher anthocyanian content compared with 'Heugnambyeo'. It is moderately resistant to leaf blast but susceptible to other disease and insect pests. The yield potential of 'Josaengheugchal' in brown rice was about 4.21 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the plain paddy field of middle, Honam, and Yeomgnam in Korea under ordinary and double cropping system.