• Mycobiology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2021

The Shine Muscat is a table grape, popular in South Korea for its unique mango-flavor taste. Flyspeck is a disease that is characterized by small, black, and circular specks on the grape cuticle was first observed in several commercial orchards in Sangju, South Korea, in August 2019. Here we identified the causal agent of flyspeck based on an advanced diagnosis approach, comprised of both morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological characteristics of the cultures isolated from grape flyspeck were identical to the fungus Cladosporium perangustum. The concatenated sequences of ITS, ACT, and EF1-α were used for molecular phylogenetic analysis, BLAST searches along with Bayesian inference-based phylogeny, confirmed that the causal agent of grape flyspeck is C. perangustum. The cultured fungal isolates also produced flyspeck symptoms on healthy fruits in pathogenicity tests. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first documented evidence of any Cladosporium sp. producing flyspeck symptoms on any plant.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.148.1-148
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• 2003

Natural virus infection of cultivated Daphe odora plants showing chlorosis and stunting was observed and their causal agent was investigated. An isolate of isometic virus was purified from infected leaf tissues, and it could infect systemic severe mosaic on Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor. cDNA library was generated from partially purified viral RNAs and oligo dT primer-pSPORTl system, and recombinant clones were selected and their inserts were sequenced randomly. Nucleotide sequences of the virus were analyzed by BLAST, and it was closely related to members of subgroup B in the genus Nepovirus. The sequence analysis suggest that the virus was identified as an isolate of Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) because it was 89.7 ％ and 94.7 ％ identical to known CNSV for the CP and 3' noncoding region, respecitively. RT-PCR was performed to screen disease incidence of CNSV in Daphe plants, and five out of 10 plants (50 ％) were infected by CNSV This is the first sequence information of CNSV from Daphe plants.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2022

Rice contains a wealth of genetic diversity, both within Oryza sativa and in related A-genome species. Decades of genetic research into this diversity have identified dozens of major genes contributing to a wide variety of important traits, including disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance (drought, salinity, submergence, heat, cold etc.), grain quality, flowering date and maturity and plant architecture. Yet despite these opportunities, very few of the major genes and QTLs known have been successfully applied through rice breeding programs to produce sustained changes in farmer's fields. This presentation will briefly examine some of the factors limiting application of major genes in the mainstream breeding programs, and steps that have been taken to alleviate those limitations. As a result of these interventions, dozens of major genes that were previously unavailable to breeders are now being used confidently in the variety development process. Case studies will be discussed of genes critical for blast resistance worldwide, rice yellow mottle virus for Africa, and new validated QTLs for salinity tolerance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Purpose: Venous malformation(VM) which often causes pain and discomfort is the most common type of vascular malformations. Although it is presented with disfigured appearance and associated soft tissue or skeletal hypertrophy, the molecular bases of VMs are poorly understood. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of VMs were investigated to illuminate the molecular mechanism of the disease entity. Methods: Gene expressions of VM patients' subcutaneous tissue were studied in comparison with normal persons' by $GeneFishing^{TM}$ technique using the annealing control primers (ACPs) to identify DEGs. Candidate genes were sequenced and screened by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) afterwards. Results: Among seventy DEGs identified, forty DEGs which had shown significantly different expression pattern were sequenced. Twenty eight out of 40 were up-regulated while 12 were down-regulated. BLAST searches revealed that 37 were known genes and 3 were unknown genes. Many genes were involved in the differentiation and remodeling of smooth muscle cells, opposed to the previous hypothesis that a lot of angiogenetic genes would be involved. Furthermore, several transcription factors and related genes, as well as cell signaling and metabolism regulators, were up regulated. Conclusion: It suggests that analysis of DEGs in VMs provide basic knowledge about its pathophysiology. and new therapeutic approaches.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

살균활성을 보이는 천연물인 incrustoporin(1)의 기본골격인 2(5H)-furanone을 포함하는 유도체 2를 microwave를 이용한 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling 반응으로 합성하였고, 또한 furanone의 화학구조에서 산소원자를 탄소원자로 치환한 2-cycloalkenone 유도체 3 및 4를 유사한 방법으로 합성하였다. 합성한 이들 유도체들의 살균활성을 6종의 식물병원균에 대하여 조사한 결과, 벼 도열병 및 토마토 역병에 대하여 다소 방제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 이들 유도체들은 다양한 구조변화를 통한 살균제 개발에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 1983

A wide variety of pathogens are known io be seedborne, carried either as infectious mycelium internally or as contaminants on the seed coat. When seed is infected with a pathogen, the seed nay be rendered nonviable or it may remain viable but produce weak seedling. In some cases, the Infected seedling nay not be severely weakened, but nay serve as a source of primary inoculum within a community of plants. A recent problem nay be the dissemination of seedborne pathogens occurring as a result of the massive movements of seed, as a part of the 'Green revolution' Disease of great danger to agriculture may be introduced with seed from other parts of world. Seed treatment with organic mercury compounds in liquid form had become popular since about 1955. Organic mercury compounds contributed considerably to the increase in production of many crops and vegetables. In 1975, however, the use of organic mercury compound was forbidden because of doubts regarding their residual mammalian toxicity in agricultural products. Benomyl-thiram mixture, thiophanate methyl-;hiram mixture and TCMB have now been registered as seed disinfectants for the use of rice blast, brown spot and Bakanae disease. Oxathiinsthiram mixture has been registered as seed disinfectant for barley and wheat loose smut and leaf stripe of barley. Agricultural techniques have made such rapid progress that the nursery methods changed from the use of paddy nursery to box nursery designed for machine-transplanting. The spread of rice transplanting machines has caused increase of seedborne diseases. Among seedborne diseases, Bakanae disease has remarkably increased and causes much damage recently. In order to counter this trend, seed disinfectants must also be diversified. First, effective non-selective disinfectants need to be developed, and second, appropriate control methods always need to be prepared in parallel with the development of new techniques for cultivation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

Biological control activity of Acremonium strictum BCP, a mycoparasite on Botrytis cinerea, was examined against six plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blight, cucumber gray mold, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew in growth chambers. The spore suspension of strain BCP showed strong control activities against five plant diseases except against wheat leaf rust. On the other hand, the culture filtrate of A. strictum BCP was effective in controlling only cucumber gray mold and barley powdery mildew. Further in vivo biocontrol activities of A. strictum BCP against tomato gray mold were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Control efficacy of the fungus on tomato gray mold increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of more than $1{\times}10^6$ spores/ml significantly controlled the disease both in tomato seedlings and in adult plants. The high disease control activity was obtained from protective application of the strain BCP, whereas the curative application did not control the disease. Foliar infections of B. cinerea were controlled with $1{\times}10^8$ spores/ml of A. strictum BCP applied up to 7 days before inoculation. In a commercial greenhouse, application of A. strictum BCP exhibited the similar control efficacy with fungicide procymidone (recommended rate, $500{\mu}g/ml$) against strawberry gray mold. These results indicate that A. strictum BCP could be developed as a biofungicide for Botrytis diseases under greenhouse conditions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

Rice is a main crop and rice field is the most important farmland in Korea. This study was conducted to propose the methodology assessing impact and vulnerability on rice production by climate change at the regional and national level in Korea. We evaluated a vulnerability of rice paddy according to the outbreak of a main disease and pest of a rice plant. As results, Jeju-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollanam-do were more vulnerable area than others. In contrast, the southern central region including Gyeonggi-do was less vulnerable than others. The vulnerable index was significantly higher in 2050s (0.5589) than in present (0.3500). This result showed that the vulnerable to the disease and pest enlarge in the future. The adaptive capacity highly contributed to the vulnerability assessment index. The daily maximum temperature of June and the daily average temperature from May to August also contributed the climate exposure index. The area of occurring sheath blight, rice leaf blast and striped rice borer was related to the system sensitivity index. The ability of water supply (readjustment area of arable land per paddy field area) and rice production technique (rice yield per hectare) were the highly contributed variables to the adaption capacity index.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 2013년 잔디 재배지에서 발생하는 병해와 Rhizoctonia spp. 밀도를 조사하였다. 진주포장에서 갈색퍼짐병(Large patch)이 35% 발생하였고, 9월에 녹병이 발생하였다. 갈색마름병은 남해지역에서 9월과 10월을 거쳐 발생하였으며 7월 초 피시움잎마름병이 대발생 하였고, 동전마름병(Dollar spot)의 경우 전체 면적에 3%에 달하는 면적이 심각하게 피해를 입은 포장도 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 진주 대평에서 페어리링과 갈색퍼짐병이 발생하였다. 전북고창에서는 페어리링과 테이크올패치가 나타났으며 충북청주에서는 다수의 포장에서 갈색마름병이 관찰되었다. 경기평택에서는 갈색마름병, 도열병, 썸머패취, 커브라리아엽고병, 커브라리아엽고병과 녹조의 복합피해가 나타났다. 전염원 밀도는 장성, 진주, 산청과 남해지역 모두 시간이 지날수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 병 발생과 병원균을 조사한 결과 골프코스에서 나타나는 병해와 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

Most of the endogenous retroviral genes integrated into the primate genome after the split of New World monkeys in the Oligocene era, approximately 33 million years ago. Because they can change the structure of adjacent genes and move between and within chromosomes they may play important roles in evolutionas well as in many kinds of disease and the creation of genetic polymorphism. Comparative analysis of HERVs (human endogenous retroviruses) and their LTR (long terminal repeat) elements in the primate genomes will help us to understand the possible impact of HERV elements in the evolution and phylogeny of primates. For example, HERV-K LTR and SINE-R elements have been identified that have been subject to recent change in the course of primate evolution. They are specific elements to the human genome and could be related to biological function. The HERV-M element is related to the superfamily of HERV-K and is integrated into the periphilin gene as the truncated form, 5'LTR-gag-pol-3'LTR. PCR and RT-PCR approaches indicated that the insertion of various retrotransposable elements in a common ancestor genome may make different transcript variants in different primate species. Examination of the HERV-W elementrevealed that env fragments were detected on human chromosomes 1, 3-7, 12, 14, 17, 20, and X, whilst the pol fragments were detected on human chromosomes 2-8, 10-15, 20, 21, X, and Y. Bioinformatic blast search showed that almost full-length of the HERV-W family was identified on human chromosomes 1-8, 11-15, 17, 18, 21, and X. Expression analysis of HERV-W genes (gag, pol, and env) in human tissues by RT-PCR indicated that gag and pol were expressed in specific tissues, whilst env was constituitively expressed in all tissues examined. DNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gag, pol and env genes have evolved independently during primate evolution. It will thus be of considerable interest to expand the current HERV gene information of various primates and disease tissues.